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Illustrates A Random Variable

This document discusses random variables and the normal distribution. It reviews discrete and continuous random variables and gives examples. It then describes the key properties of the normal distribution curve including that it is bell-shaped and symmetrical, with the mean, median and mode at the center. The document also outlines the four-step process for finding areas under the normal curve using the z-table.

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Kent gonzaga
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35 views19 pages

Illustrates A Random Variable

This document discusses random variables and the normal distribution. It reviews discrete and continuous random variables and gives examples. It then describes the key properties of the normal distribution curve including that it is bell-shaped and symmetrical, with the mean, median and mode at the center. The document also outlines the four-step process for finding areas under the normal curve using the z-table.

Uploaded by

Kent gonzaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANDOM NORMAL

VARIABLE
-Statistics and Probability-
Quarter 3 week 3
LESSON OBJECTIVES
Review:
1. What is a discrete variable?
2. Give an example of a discrete random
variable.
3. What is a continuous random variable?
4. Give an example of a continuous
random variable.
Random
Experiment: A pair of fair dice is rolled.

Possible
Outcomes
Random Variable:
Random Experiment: Let X denotes the sum of the number of dots
A pair of fair dice is rolled. on the top faces.
NORMAL
CURVE
THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

is the most important and most widely used


distribution in statistics. It is sometimes called
the "bell curve," although the tonal qualities of
such a bell would be less than pleasing. It is
also called the "Gaussian curve" after the
mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss.
PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

The distribution curve is bell-shaped.


The curve is symmetrical about its
center.
The mean, the median, and the mode
coincide at the center.
The width of the curve is determined
by the standard deviation of the
distribution.
PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely
along the horizontal axis, always approaching
the axis but never touching it. That is, the
curve is asymptotic to the base line.

The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it


represents the probability or proportion or the
percentage associated with specific sets of
measurement values.
The Area Under the Normal Curve
The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is also
known as the z-Table.
The z- score is a measure of relative standing. It is
calculated by subtracting X– (or μ) from the measurement
X and then dividing the result by s (or σ).
The final result, the z-score, represents the distance
between a given measurement X and the mean, expressed
in standard deviations. A
Z

T
A
B
L
E
Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas Under the
Normal Curve Given a z-Value

 Step 1.  Express the given z-value into a three-digit form.


 Step2.  Using the z-Table,find the first two digits on the left
column.
 Step 3.  Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the
right.
 Step 4.  Read the area (orprobability) at the intersection of the row
and the column. This is the required area.
Example
Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.
Example 2
Find the area that corresponds to z = –2.58.
Solution
1. Find the Row z=2.5.
2. Find the Column with the heading 0.08.
3. Read the area at the intersection of Row 2.5 and
Column 0.08.
Exercises

Find the corresponding area between z = 0 and each of


the following:
1. z=0.96
2. z=1.74
3. z=2.18
4. z=2.69
5. z=3.00
Summary
Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution
 The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
 The curve is symmetrical about its center.
 The mean, the median, and the mode coincide at the center.
 The width of the curve is determined by the standard
deviation of the distribution.
 The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the
horizontal axis, always approaching the axis but never
touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to the base line.
 The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it represents the
probability or proportion or the percentage associated with
specific sets of measurement values.
Summary
Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas Under the Normal
Curve Given a z-Value

Step 1.  Express the given z-value into a three-digit form.


Step 2.  Using the z-Table,find the first two digits on the left
column.
Step 3.  Match the third digit with the appropriate column on
the right.
Step 4.  Read the area (orprobability) at the intersection of the
row and the column. This is the required area.

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