Railway Engineering
Railway Engineering
Railway Engineering
Section A
CE7002
SATISH SAJJA
Station and yards
Section A
CE7002
SATISH SAJJA
Station and Yards
Definition of Station
A railway station or a railroad station and
often shortened to just station, is a railway
facility where trains regularly stop to load or
unload passengers and/or freight
Station and Yards
Purpose of Railway station
For exchange of passengers and goods.
For control of train movements
To enable the trains on a single line track to cross from
opposite directions.
To enable the following express trains to overtake
For taking diesel or coal and water for locomotives
For detaching engines and running staff
For detaching or attaching of compartments and wagons
For sorting of bogies to form new trains, housing of
locomotive in loco sheds.
In emergencies in ease of dislocation of track due to rains,
accidents etc...
For repairing engines and changing their direction
Railway station are having suitable approach roads from
surrounding areas.
Types of Stations
The stations at the end the block sections are called Block
stations
Authority to proceed is given in the shape of token at
these stations.
Class A Station:
On these stations the track is cleared up to 400m
beyond
the home signal for giving permission to approach a
train
Class B Station:
In such stations, the other signal is provided at about
580m from the home signal
Class C Station:
On these stations passengers are not booked. It is simply
a block meant for splitting a long block section and to
Non Block Stations:
1.Angle of crossing:
It is the angle between the running faces of point rail and
splice rail
2.Branch Track:
Track to which train is diverted from main track
3.Check rails:
To prevent the tendency of wheel to climb over the
crossing rail lengths are provided on the opposite side of
the crossing
4.Heel block: It is the CI block to which tongue rail and
lead rails are both bolted
Branch Track:
Check rails
Heel block
5.Lead Rails: They are the rail which lead the track
from heel of the tongue rail to the toe of the crossing
6.Nose of crossing: It is the point at which rail,
splice rail, or two point rails meet.
7.Tongue rail: These are tapered rails
8.Switch: It consists of tongue rail and a stock
rail
9.Throw of switch: Both the tongue rails move
through the same distance or gap, this gap is known
as throw of switch
Lead Rails
Nose of crossing
Tongue rail
Switch
Throw of Switch
10.Switch angle: It is the angle formed between the
gauge face of the stock rail and the tongue rail
11.Turn outs: A complete set of points and crossings
along with a lead rail is known as turnout
12.Facing direction: If someone stands at toe of
switch and looks towards the crossing it is called
facing direction
13.Trailing directions: If someone stands at the
crossing and looks towards the switches, then
the direction is called Trailing direction
Switch angle
Turn outs
14.Facing points or Facing turn outs: When the
train pass over the switches first and then they
pass over the crossing
15.Trailing points or Trailing Turnouts: The
opposite side of facing points in which the
trains pass over the crossings first and then
over the switches.
Turnout
Right Hand Turn out and Left Hand Turn
out:
General:
Railway signalling is a system used to
control railway traffic safely, essentially to prevent
trains from colliding
Signaling consists of the systems, device and means
by which trains are operated efficiently and tracks
are used to maximum extent, maintaining the safety
of the passengers, the staff and the rolling stock.
It includes the use and working of signals, points,
block instruments and other equipments.
SIGNALLING:
Objects of Signaling:
According to function
According to location
Special signals
(i)Classification according to function:
(i)Reception signals
(a)Outer signal
(b)Home signal
(ii) Departure signals
(a)Starter
(b)Advance Starter
Location of signals
(a)Outer signal:
Main 1 4 3 -
Loop 2 4 - 3
Points 3 2 1 -
Outer 4 - - 1,2
Tappet & Locks System
Tappet & Locks System
Key System:
This is the simplest method of interlocking. The key locks
are manipulated in this system
Single lock and key system:
The principle of this system is to provide two locks
which are worked by a single key. With drawl of the key
locks the signal in the horizontal position and the points
in the normal setting for the main line. And B are two
locks operated by a single key. To lower the signal the
key is inserted and turned in the lock B. This releases the
signal and when the signal is lowered, it prevents the key
from being withdrawn. Hence when the signal is lowered
the point is correctly set for the main line. For using the
siding, the key withdrawn from the lock B after restoring
signal from normal position and inserted and turned in
lock A. This releases the points which may then be set for
siding. Now the main signal cannot be lowered.
Route relay System:
General
Rapid transport is a type of high-capacity public
transport generally found in urban areas.
Unlike buses and trains, rapid transport systems operate
on an exclusive right-of-way which is usually grade
separated in tunnels or elevated railways.
Metro is the most common term for underground rapid
transport systems
Rapid transport is used in cities, agglomerations,
and metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of
people often short distances at high frequency. The extent
of the rapid transport system varies greatly between
cities, with several transport strategies
Elevated railways
Mono Rail
Metro Rail in Chennai
Under ground railways:
Advantages :
This system provides rapid and unobstructed
transportation.
This system helps in reducing traffic congestion
problems.
This system provides safety during aerial attack
in
war.
Suitability :
Underground railways are suitable in the heavily
congested urban areas where the traffic intensity on
roads is heavy.
Under ground railways
Tube railways :