DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH

OSHP 4113
Introduction of Occupational Safety
and Health

Chapter 1
 Objective
•To provide knowledge on the history of OSH.
•Describe the importance of OSH in the workplace.
•List the authorities involve in safety and health in Malaysia.
•Discuss the function and roles of:
• - Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Ministry of Health of Malaysia (MOH)
- Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB)
- local Authorities and;
- Fire and Rescue Department
 Learning Outcome
At the end of lecture student should be able to;
– Define safety, health, occupational safety, occupational health and
occupational safety and health.
– Explain the benefit and important of OSH in the workplace.
– Identify good reasons to prevent occupational accidents, injuries,
illnesses and deaths.
– Types of authorities involve in safety and health in Malaysia.
– Explain the function roles and function of dosh,niosh,cidb, moh,
local authorities and fire rescue.
 What is safety?
•Safety – state of being ‘safe’
~ The condition of being protected against physical, social,
spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational,
psychological, educational or other types or consequences of
failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event
which could be considered not desirable.

•Safety is concerned with injury-causing situations

 What is health?
•Health - a state of complete physical, mental & social
wellbeing.
WHO

•Health is concerned with

disease-causing conditions.
 What is Occupational safety?

“ Occupational safety is your legal right to work in

conditions that are free of known dangers. The
requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of
1970 helps employers prevent the number of workplace
injuries, illnesses and death”.
Some basic principle are listed;
1. All accidents are preventable.
2. All levels of management are responsible for safety.
3. All employees have the responsibility to themselves, their co-
workers, and their family to work safely.
4. In order to eliminate accidents, management must ensure that all
employees are properly trained on how to perform every job task
safely and efficiently. Knowledge is the key to safety.
5. Every employee must be involved in every area of the safety and
production process. People like to be involved in the decisions that
affect them.
What is Occupational health?

“Occupational health is the promotion and

maintenance of the highest degree of
physical, mental and social wellbeing of
the workers in all occupations”
 Objective of OH
1. Prevention among workers of departure from health
caused by their working conditions.
2. Protection of workers from risk resulting from factors
adverse to health.
3. Placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational
environment adapted to his/her physiological and
psychological equipment.
4. Adaptation of worker to man and man in his job.
 ILO recommendation
Focus on providing the following to promote health of the
employees as follows.
1. Nutrition
2. Prevention & control of communicable disease.
3. Environmental sanitation
4. Water supply
5. Provision food and snacks
6. Toilet facilities
7. General plant cleanliness
8. Floor space / air space (500 cu ft)
9. Wastage and garbage disposal
10.Lighting and ventilation
11.Protection against hazards
12.Housing
 What is OSH?
o A cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
health & welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

o OSH may also protect employers, customers, suppliers &

members of the public who may experience an impact the
workplace environment.
o The goals of occupational safety and health programs include to
foster a safe and healthy work environment.
 Importance of OSH at the
workplace
• Prevent Illness
It will educate your employees on proper workplace procedures, practices, and behavior to
prevent possible injuries and illness or contamination from improper hygiene.

• Reduces Health and Safety Hazards

Equipment, chemicals, certain behaviors and activities, and even furniture can potentially cause
injury or harm. Must follow specific hazardous material handling guidelines set by OSHA, and
have emergency and evacuation plans in place.

• Avoid Serious Consequences

OSHA is in charge of enforcing health and safety laws, must follow their guidelines when
creating your health and safety procedures
 6 good reasons to prevent occupational
accidents, injuries, illnesses and deaths:
1. Destruction of human life is morally unjustified
2. Failure of employers and workers to take precautions against occupational
injuries and illnesses makes them morally responsible for these incidents.
3. Occupational incidents limit efficiency and productivity.
4. Occupational accidents and illnesses produce far-reaching social harm.
5. Safety techniques have produced reduction of accident rates and severity
rates.
6. Recent cries and mandates have come forth at the state and federal levels to
provide a safe and healthy workplace.
 Major safety terminologies
Safe
- The condition of being safe from undergoing and causing hurt, injury or loss.
Hazard
- A hazard introduces the potential for an unsafe condition, possibly leading to an
accident.
Risk
- The probability or likelihood of hazard resulting in an accident.
Incident
- Undesired circumstance that produces the potential for an accident.
 Con’t
Accident
- An accident is unplanned event which could result in to persons or in damage
to plant and equipment or both.
Accident cost
- Accident cost includes medical payment, compensation, overtime for
replacement workers, production delays, product or material damage, training of
replacement, accident investigation cost, building or complex damages,
equipment damages and business interruptions.
 Types of accidents
The most frequent accidents in the workplace:

 fall and crushing

 Manual handling
 Workplace traffic accidents
 Why identify these hazards?
They often release tremendous amounts of stored energy.
At times, they are not recognized as a hazard.
They are a hazard based on their size and weight.
Their motion generates large amounts of energy.
Combining them with other sources or materials increases their
hazard risk.
They can be better controlled
The release of energy can have disastrous effects on equipment,
workers and the environment.
The Authorities
involve in safety and
health in Malaysia
 List of authorities involve in
safety and health in Malaysia

1. Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)

2. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
3. Ministry of Health of Malaysia (MMOH);
4. Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB);
5. Local Authorities; and
6. Fire and Rescue Department.
 Department of Occupational
Safety and Health (DOSH)
INTRODUCTION :
▪ DOSH is a government department under the Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia.
▪ To ensure that employers, self-employed persons and all employees practice a
good working culture and comply with existing legislation, guidelines and codes of
practice through its enforcement and promotional activities.

PURPOSE :
▪ To ensure the safety, health and welfare of people at work as well as protecting other
people from the safety and health hazards arising from the activities of various sectors.
▪ Responsible for the administration and enforcement of legislations related to OSH of the
country.
▪ Create a safe and healthy work culture that contributes towards enhancing
the quality of working life.
 National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH)
INTRODUCTION :
▪To ensure a safe and healthy working
environment
involved in or to all
affectedemployees
by its and others
operation
taking
and into
relevant account
national statutory
and requirement
international
standards
PURPOSE and codes of practices.
▪To ensure:a safe and healthy working
environment to all employees and others
▪involved
To ensure in or
that affected
adequate by its operation.
resources, training
and time are made
▪available.
To promote a safe and healthy work culture
which employer and employees share the
▪common
To ensure responsibility.
achievement of objectives and
reviewed in light
organizational changes.of legislative or
 Ministry of Health
(MOH)
INTRODUCTION :
▪ To assist an individual in achieving and sustaining as well as maintaining a
certain level of health status to further facilitate in leading a productive
lifestyle.

PURPOSE :
▪ Appreciate health as a valuable asset
▪ Take positive steps to enhance and sustain status in order to enjoy a better
quality of life
▪ Raise awareness of the importance of health
 Construction Industry
Development Board Malaysia
(CIDB)
INTRODUCTION :
▪ An inescapable presence for those engaged in the construction industry within
Malaysia, largely through the levy which it imposes on all major construction projects,
and the compulsory courses which it conducts.
▪ A body corporate which was created by the "Akta Lembaga Pembangunan Industri
Pembinaan Malaysia 1994" ("the Act").

PURPOSE :
▪ To develop the capacity and capability of the Construction Industry through the
enhancement of quality and productivity by placing great emphasis on
professionalism, innovation and knowledge, in the attempt to improve the quality of
life.
 FIRE A N D RESCUE DEPARTMENT
MALAYSIA
Introduction :

▪ To provide effective and efficient fire prevention and fire-fighting services,

enforcement of law related to fire safety and fire-fighting as well as humanitarian
services.
Purpose :
▪ Extinguishing, fighting, preventing and controlling fires.
▪ Protecting life and properties in the event of fire.
▪ Securing the provision and adequate means of escape in the event of fire from
all designated premises.
▪ The making of investigation into the cause, origin and circumstances of
fires.
▪ Performing humanitarian services including the protection of lives and properties in
any calamity.
L O C A L A U T H O R ITIE S
INTRODUCTION :
▪ In Malaysia, there are three types of local authorities; city councils, municipal
councils and district councils.
▪ Local authority plays an imperative role to facilitate the economic activities and
development of a region especially in delivering public goods and services that are
particular to the localities. The local authority has the power to control all physical
development activities within its area.
PURPOSE :
▪ The local authority responsible in making a local plan for their area . Indiscriminate of
activities for land development and poorly planned of built environment leads to
environmental degradation, hence giving impact to public health.
Thank You