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Chapter 1 - Introduction To Water Resources Engineering

The document discusses the topic of water resources, including what water resources are, why they are important, sources of fresh water, the water cycle, demand for water for irrigation and hydropower, and processes in the water cycle like evaporation and precipitation.

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Abdullahi turki
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52 views16 pages

Chapter 1 - Introduction To Water Resources Engineering

The document discusses the topic of water resources, including what water resources are, why they are important, sources of fresh water, the water cycle, demand for water for irrigation and hydropower, and processes in the water cycle like evaporation and precipitation.

Uploaded by

Abdullahi turki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBJECT NAME CODE CREDIT HOURS

Water, Resource WR……… 4

Chapter 1: Introduction to WRE

Water Resource
Prepared by:
Mr. Abdinasir casood

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 Water Resource
Water is the world’s most precious natural resource.

 The Water Resources prepares students to face the complexities of managing


this critical natural resource and their use in the urban, industrial, and
agricultural environment.

 Water is the world’s most precious natural resource. This program provides
advanced knowledge and skills in making sound, independent judgments
about the best way to manage water resource and an understanding of the
latest developments in the field.

 Water Resource is designed to make the students ready for jobs in fields of
water resource along with specialization in management administration,
resource study, and agricultural environment.

 The course will also provide additional opportunities to enhance their


credentials in the service. The outcomes of the proposed program, as
envisaged, would certainly contribute significantly towards a societal
outlook and responsibility to improved quality of resources and the
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environment.
What is water resources?

Water resources are all the wealth and availability of natural water
in, on and above the earth, which consist of various of sources i.e.
spring water, river water, lake water, groundwater, soil moisture, sea
water, ice, glacier and atmosphere water.

The characteristic, behavior and its relation of each source are


controlled by hydrology cycle.

Source is a system of water producer which can be used for


fulfilling the water demand

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Why are water resources resources important? important?

• Human cannot survive without water where water is potentially


available as water resources.

• Human needs to keep and develop the availability of water either


for using and controlling.

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Water is fundamental to life
 Earth has about 325 million cubic miles
 (1/3 land 2/3 water)
 97.5% of this water is salt water

 Fresh water- water that has a salt content of less than 0.1%
 97.5% Salt water
 2.5% Fresh water
 1.7% Polar ice caps and glaciers
 0.77% Accessible fresh water
Where does the 0.77% fresh water come
from?
 Lakes
 Wetlands
 Rivers
 Groundwater
 Soil
 Atmosphere
What water does for land:

 Provides drinking water, water for industry, and


water to irrigate crops.

 Bodies of water provide energy through the


hydroelectric power and control flooding by absorbing
excess water.
Water cycle or Hydrologic cycle

 Hydrologic Cycle:
 Consists of water rising to the atmosphere through either evaporation or transpiration and
returning to the land and oceans through condensation and precipitation.
 Water vapor-green water
 Liquid water-blue water
Humidity:
 Humidity- amount of water vapor in the air

measured as relative humidity


(amount of water vapor as a %
of what the air can hold at a
particular temperature)
•Humidity increases as air warms decreases as air cools
Water cycle
Physical Processes and Loops

3 Physical Loops
 Evapotranspiration loop
4 Physical Processes  Evaporates and returns as precipitation
 Evaporation
 Surface runoff loop
 Condensation  Water runs across the ground surface and
 Precipitation becomes part of the surface water system
 Gravitational flow  Ground water loop
 Water infiltrates, percolates down to join
the ground water traveling through
aquifers and then exiting through seeps,
springs, or wells
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Demand of Water for Irrigation
The demand for irrigation depends on several factors,
including the method of irrigation, type of crop to be grown, condition of soil,
and prevailing climate.

a. Consumptive use
The amount of water needed for crop growth.

b. Irrigation requirement
Consumptive use minus effective rainfall available for plant growth. It is
included: irrigation applied prior to crop growth; water for leaching;
miscellaneous requirements; and decrease in soil moisture.

c. Farm delivery requirement


Irrigation requirement plus farm losses due to evaporation, deep
percolation, surface waste and non productive consumption

d. Gross water requirement


Farm delivery requirement plus the seepage losses in the canal system from
the head‐ works to the farm unit plus the waste of water due
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to poor
operation.
Demand of Water for Hydropower

• Water power involves the non consumptive use of water


• This feature makes the water utilization distinct in two respects:

– hydropower generation can readily be integrated with other development


projects, and

– all resources (stream‐flows) available at a site are evaluated from the


consideration of power‐producing potential.

– Since hydro energy is the product of the available head and the available
flow (times a certain constant ) , the sites having a good combination of
head and flow are investigated.

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