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Chapter 5 - Basic Computer Hardware and Software

This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes input devices like keyboards and mice, as well as output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses the central processing unit, computer memory, data storage devices, ports, graphics cards, and networking components. The document provides definitions and examples to explain these fundamental computer parts and how they work together.

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Muhammad rizky fauzi nurrohman
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63 views

Chapter 5 - Basic Computer Hardware and Software

This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes input devices like keyboards and mice, as well as output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses the central processing unit, computer memory, data storage devices, ports, graphics cards, and networking components. The document provides definitions and examples to explain these fundamental computer parts and how they work together.

Uploaded by

Muhammad rizky fauzi nurrohman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Computer

Hardware and
Software.

V103.01
Material obtained from summer workshop in Guildford County
Input Devices

• Input Devices: devices that input information into the


computer such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and
digital camera.
Output Devices

• Output: devices that output information from the


computer such as a printer and monitor.
Hardware and Software

• Computer Hardware would include all the parts of a


computer.
• Computer Software includes the programs that are
installed.. Or the instructions for completing tasks.
Central Processing Unit

• CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the Computer.
• Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. This is usually measured in megahertz
(MHz).
• Brands of Processors include:

• Pentium
• Celeron
• MAC
• AMD
• Cyrix
Central Processing Unit

• Computer chip: also called the microprocessor may contain an entire


processing unit.
• Computer chips contain millions of transistors. They are small pieces of semi-
conducting material (silicon).
• An integrated circuit is embedded in the silicon. Computers are made of many
chips on a circuit board.
Data Storage Devices

• The hard-drive is a mechanical storage device typically located internally.

• Fast recording and recovery of data


• Large storage capacity
• Magnetic
• Primary storage device for data and
programs
• Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s
(Revolutions per minute)
Data Storage Devices (cont’d)

• CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory)

• An optical device read by a


diode laser
Data Storage Devices (cont’d)

 Floppy diskette is magnetic


storage device for small
amounts of data (1.44MB).
 FLASH drive is a compact and
portable electronic storage
device.
 USB (plug and play) supported
Computer Memory

• RAM (random access memory) stores data that is processing. This type
of memory is erased when the computer is turned off.
• ROM (read only memory) contains special instructions for the
computer to operate.
• Cache memory increases the speed of the processor by recording and
anticipating instructions.
Graphic User Interface (GUI)

• GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of images and icons seen on the desktop used to operate a
program.

• The GUI makes the programs loaded on the


computer easier to access and use. Basic
Windows GUI
• Icons are small pictures that represent files,
commands, or windows.
• Windows is a GUI operating system.
Video Cards

• Video cards plug into the motherboard and are used to display video.
• VRAM is video memory that enhances the refreshment rate of the
image.
• Video cards have chipsets that can increase the speed of video display.
Ports and Peripherals

Ports are an interface between the computer and another peripheral


device such as a disk drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor, camera,
FLASH drive or keyboard.
Examples:
Serial
Parallel
hot-wire
USB
Ports and Peripherals

Peripherals are devices that plug


into a computer and are not
housed internally.
Examples:
Printers
Scanners
Cameras
LAN and WAN

• LAN: are networks usually in the same company or building. The Local
Area Network is connected via telephone lines or radio waves. Most
LANs connect workstations.
• WAN: are systems of LANs that are connected. (Wide-area network)
Bandwidth and Baud Rate

• Bandwidth is how much information can be carried in a given time


period (usually a second) over a wired or wireless communications
link.
• Baud rate is the rate at which information is transferred in a
communication channel.
Multitasking and Multiprocessing

• Multitasking is the ability to execute more than one task (program) at


the same time. Only one CPU is used but switches from one program to
another.
• In multiprocessing, more than one CPU is used to complete a task.
Example: network rendering.
Multimedia

• Multimedia software programs include sound, pictures, video, text,


and hypertext to create presentations.

Software includes:
PowerPoint
Macromedia Director
FLASH
Resolution

• Screen resolution is measured in pixel per inch (ppi), and printer resolution is measured in dots
per inch (dpi).
• Computer screen resolution is approximately 72 ppi.

Width x Height (Pixels) Video Display


640 x 480 Low Resolution
800 x 600 Medium Resolution
1600 x 1200 High Resolution
Resolution

• Resolution refers to the number of pixels (picture elements) in the


monitor image.
• Increased resolution uses more computer resources but increases the
visual clarity of the display.
Computer Memory
• Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
• The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
• A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
• Typical units of measurement:

• 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes


• 1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes
• 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes
1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000 gigabytes or 1 trillon
File Management

• Saving files - know the difference between “save” and “save as”. “Save” will save the
open document over the saved document while “save as” creates a new document if you
rename the document. Save often so work will not be lost.
• Exporting – converts a native format to a non-native file format used in various software
programs. In vector programs, file types may be exported.
File Management

• Different programs have different file extensions.


• Naming files - avoid the following characters in naming files:

Examples:
• @
• *
• .

• Understand the parts of a path name.

Example: C:\SciVis\movie.avi
Drive designator Directory or folder File name File extension
File Management

• Merging files - in 3D graphics, bringing an outside file into an


open file (another name for this may be loading or replacing
objects in the workspace).
• Importing files - bringing a converted non-native format file
into an open file.
The End

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