Scribd
Upload
52 views27 pages

Week 1 (Sample Problems)

The document provides information on sequences including: 1) Definitions of sequence, general term, monotonic sequences, and bounded sequences. 2) Examples of determining if a sequence is monotonic or bounded and whether it converges. 3) Testing for monotonicity using the difference and ratio of successive terms. 4) The definition of the limit of a sequence and examples of evaluating limits of sequences that converge or diverge.

Uploaded by

Your Sage
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views27 pages

Week 1 (Sample Problems)

The document provides information on sequences including: 1) Definitions of sequence, general term, monotonic sequences, and bounded sequences. 2) Examples of determining if a sequence is monotonic or bounded and whether it converges. 3) Testing for monotonicity using the difference and ratio of successive terms. 4) The definition of the limit of a sequence and examples of evaluating limits of sequences that converge or diverge.

Uploaded by

Your Sage
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Lesson 1-3

SEQUENCE 

MAPUA UNIVERSITY
GENERAL TERM (RULE OR FORMULA) OF A SEQUENCE
Each of these sequences has a definite pattern known as rule or
formula or general term that make it easy to generate additional
terms.

Examples:
1) 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . is a sequence having the rule or general formula 2n
since each term is twice the term number.

2) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, . . . is a sequence having the general term


EXAMPLE

1: In each part, find the general term of the sequence.


a) ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/16, . . .
b) ½, 2/3, ¾, 4/5, . . .
Solutions:

Finding the General Term of the Sequence


Answer to Example 1.
a) ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/16, . . . , , . . .
Solution:
Observe the denominators given in the sequence. It can
be expressed as powers of 2 where their term numbers, 1st
term = 2, 2nd term = 22 = 4, 3rd term = 23 = 8, etc., is the same
as the exponents. This suggests that the denominator of the
general term is
SEQUENCE

b) ½, 2/3, ¾, 4/5, . . . , . . .
Solution:
You may notice that the numerator of the four known
terms is the same as their term numbers ( say 1st term = 1,
2nd term = 2, 3rd term = 3, and 4th term = 4) and their
denominators is one greater than their term numbers.
Thus, if we let n be the numerator and n + 1 be the
denominator, the sequence can be expressed as .
Lesson 1-4

MONOTONIC SEQUENCE

MAPUA UNIVERSITY
MONOTONE SEQUENCE

Monotone Sequence
 A sequence is called

- strictly increasing if
- increasing if
- strictly decreasing if
- decreasing if
A sequence that is either increasing or decreasing is said to
be monotone, and a sequence that is either strictly increasing
or strictly decreasing is said to be strictly monotone.
EXAMPLES

SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION

1. , ,…, Strictly increasing

2. 1, ,…, Strictly decreasing

3. 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3,… Increasing: not strictly increasing

4. 1, 1, ,, ,… Decreasing: not strictly decreasing

5. 1, ,…, Neither increasing nor decreasing


EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

Examples:
Determine if the following sequence is monotone or strictly monotone.
1.
Solution: Begin by letting
Then assign n = 1, 2, 3 in the given sequence, to get the first
three term and observe the obtained values.

If n = 1, If n = 2, ; If n = 3,

Since is strictly increasing, then the sequence is strictly monotone.


EXAMPLES
2.
Solution: let
By assigning n = 1, 2, and 3 in the given sequence,
the values obtained are: ;

Since is strictly decreasing,


then the sequence is strictly monotone.
Lesson 1-4

BOUNDED SEQUENCE

MAPUA UNIVERSITY
EXAMPLES
Determine whether the sequence is monotonic and whether it is bounded.
Conclude also if it converges.
1.
Solution: let
Generating some terms in the sequence
n = 1, = 1 n = 2, = ½
n = 3, = 1/3
Since , the sequence is monotonic.

Also, the sequence is bounded above since and the


it is bounded below since
Therefore, the sequence is bounded.
The sequences also converges.
EXAMPLES
Determine whether the sequence is monotonic and whether it is
bounded. Conclude also if it converges.
2.
Solution: let
Generating some terms in the sequence
n = 1, = -1 n = 2, = 2
n = 3, = -3 n = 4, = 4
n = 5, = -5 n = 6, = 6
The terms in the sequence are alternating in signs, the positive terms
increasing without bound and the negative terms decreasing without
bound. Therefore, the sequence is not bounded and not monotonic.
The sequence also diverges.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbNE_beWlhU
EXAMPLES
Determine whether the sequence is monotonic and whether it is
bounded. Conclude also if it converges.
3.
Solution: let
Generating some terms in the sequence
n = 1, bounded below since
n = 2, = 1/10
n = 3, = 3/13
bounded above
Therefore, the sequence is bounded and monotonic. The sequence
converges,

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbNE_beWlhU
Lesson 1-4

TESTING FOR
MONOTONICITY

MAPUA UNIVERSITY
TESTING FOR MONOTONICITY
EXAMPLE
1. Use the difference o show that the
is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
Solution:
;

which proves that the sequence is


strictly decreasing.
EXAMPLE
2. Use the ratio to show that the given sequence is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.
Solution:

Forming the ratio of successive terms, we obtain

from which we see that This proves that the sequence is strictly
increasing.
EXAMPLE
3. Show that the sequence is eventually strictly decreasing. Use
the ratio
Solution:
and
=

so the sequence is eventually strictly decreasing as confirmed


by the graph.
EXAMPLE
Lesson 1-2

LIMIT OF A SEQUENCE

MAPUA UNIVERSITY
RECALL: LIMIT OF A SEQUENCE
Since sequence are functions, it has also limits.
• A sequence whose terms approach limiting values are said to
converge.
• A sequence that does not converge to some finite limit is said to
diverge.
EXAMPLES
1. Evaluate
Solution: (indeterminate)

transforming the given function by dividing the numerator and


denominator by n, the results are:

Thus (converges)
EXAMPLES

2. Evaluate: )
Solution:
)
Substituting the indicated limit,
=

(diverges)
EXAMPLES

3. Determine whether the sequence, onverges.

Solution: Substituting the indicated limit,

onverges)
EXAMPLES

4. Determine whether the sequence


onverges.

Solution: Substituting the indicated limit,

(diverges)

You might also like