Lesson 1

Lesson 1
What is
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
How do we characterize
THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY
ANALYZING
ANALYZING
ANALYZING
FRAMEWORKS
FRAMEWORKS
FRAMEWORKS
FRAMEWORKS
Is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is
composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
Internal Questions – questions dealing with our own
correctness and values. It can be addressed using our
personal frameworks.
External Questions – seek to question the very frameworks
upon which people base their own beliefs and values.
Philosophy can also be thought
of as an examination of a
particular area of knowledge.
There is a philosophy of science,
which seeks to understand the
fundamental principles that guide
scientific thought.
Philosophy of religion, which examines
the basic tenets of any faith. Philosophy of
education, political philosophy,
philosophy of history – every aspect of
knowledge can benefit from the inquiring
the nature of philosophy.
Philosophy itself is a distinct area of
knowledge with its own goals, concerns,
ang ways of doing things.
BRANCHES
BRANCHES
BRANCHES
OF PHILOSOPHY
OF PHILOSOPHY
OF PHILOSOPHY
AESTHETICS
AESTHETICS
AESTHETICS
AESTHETICS
AESTHETICS
AESTHETICS
Branches of Philosophy
AESTHETICS
The philosophy which deals with beauty and
what makes things “beautiful” is called
Aesthetics.
LOGIC
LOGIC
LOGIC
LOGIC
LOGIC
LOGIC
LOGIC
Is the branch of philosophy which deals
with correct reasoning.
EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEMOLOGY
Discusses the nature of knowledge and
knowing.
ETHICS
ETHICS
ETHICS
ETHICS
ETHICS
ETHICS
ETHICS
• Is the branch which deals with moral questions and
dilemmas.
• Came from Greek word “ethos”, which means “way
of living”,
• a branch of philosophy that is concerned with human
conduct, more specifically the behavior of individuals
in society.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
Studies governments and deals with questions
of justice, power and the rights and
obligations of citizens.
METAPHYSICS
METAPHYSICS
METAPHYSICS
METAPHYSICS
METAPHYSICS
METAPHYSICS
METAPHYSICS
• came from Greek words “meta” which
means ‘beyond’ or ‘after’ and “physika”
which means ‘physical and nature’.
• Is a branch of Philosophy which deals with
questions regarding reality and existence.
Branches of Metaphysics
ONTOLOGY
• Is the study of existence.
• is also the study of how we determine if
things exist or not, as well as the
classification of existence. It attempts to
take things that are abstract and establish
that they are, in fact, real.
COSMOLOGY
Studies the world or universe including its
origin, dynamics, and characteristics, as well
as the laws that govern its order.
NATURAL THEOLOGY
• is generally characterized as the attempt to
establish religious truths by rational argument
and without reliance upon alleged revelations.
It has focused traditionally on the topics of
the existence of God and the immortality of
the soul.
Philosophy of the
HUMAN PERSON
Is an area in philosophy that understands the
human person from a philosophical perspective –
integrating and synthesizing the different branches
of philosophy and other fields of study to know
the truth about a human person.
Philosophy is a reflective and
meditative activity. It is also a
method of mental exercise.
What is the difference between
HOLISTIC THINKING AND
PARTIAL THINKING
It’s like
a spear! It’s a It’s a It’s a
It’s a fan! wall! rope!
snake! It’s a
tree!
HOLISTIC THINKING
Refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in
systems. This if often described as looking at the “big
picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or
problem. A holistic perspective requires and individual to
have an open mindset and an ability to get the general
senses or impression regarding a situation.
PARTIAL THINKING
Focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial view
is an important component of analytical thinking, as an
individual focuses on a certain areas or aspects of a
problem in order to understand it.
How does one engage in
REFLECTION
REFLECTION
Reflection requires a person to be willing to
examine one's thoughts, feelings and action
and to learn more about one's life and
experiences.
REFLECTION
Reflection is vital in ensuring that our action and
decision are well thought out and are done with you
regard of their implications and consequences on our
self, others, in our surroundings.
Reflection help us understand ourselves and our action
better
1. Have you ever had an experience
where reflecting on your actions
benefited you?
2. Has reflection ever helped you avoid
making a bad decision?
What are the practical uses of
PHILOSOPHY IN OUR LIVES
Philosophy has an important place in our
daily life in gauging and philosophical
reflection leads to the development of
beneficial skills that individuals can apply
in everyday situation.
Philosophy enables person to engage
in critical analysis and interpretation of
concepts, definition, arguments, and
problem.
Philosophy also improves problem
solving and decision making
A philosopher is a good
communicator who can clearly
and adequately present his or her
ideas.
WISDOM
WISDOM
WISDOM
WISDOM
WISDOM
WISDOM
WISDOM
Wisdom is one intended product of
philosophizing, in this refers to a person's
ability to apply knowledge to daily life
particularly in making sound choices and
judgment.
Knowledge of philosophy
can contribute to self
development
1. How can philosophy help you to
succeed as a student?
2. How can philosophy help you become
a productive individual and citizen?

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