《华时代大学英语综合教程学生用书 2 》

College English in the Chinese Era: Comprehensive Course Book 2

Unit 3

Courtesy
 Unit Theme

Work with a partner and discuss the questions below.

Restrain yourself and follow social norms.
1. What differences are there between college life—and
The Analects
high of Confucius
school life?

克己复礼。
—— 《论语》

All doors open to courtesy.

— Thomas Fuller

有礼到处受欢迎。
—— 托马斯 · 富勒
 1 Getting Ready

Contents
2 Reading and Understanding

3 Guided Writing

4 Unit Project: All About China

 Getting Ready
Part 01
I. Unlock Your Knowledge

II. Watch and Listen

 Unlock Your Knowledge

Work with a partner and discuss the questions below.

1. What do you know about etiquette? You may give examples of etiquette in a
certain situation.
Etiquette means the conduct or procedure required by good breeding or prescribed
by authority to be observed in social or official life. It can be good manners in
every setting. For example, when we are eating, there are table manners. We may
not chew with our mouth open or with loud noise. We may not speak while our
mouth is full.
 Unlock Your Knowledge

Work with a partner and discuss the questions below.

2. What etiquette should we bear in mind when we are online?

There are a lot of good manners when we are online. The basic rule is to respect
others. Use appropriate language and never insult others. Adhere to the same
standards of behavior online that you follow in real life. Respect others’ time and
bandwidth.
 Unlock Your Knowledge

Work with a partner and discuss the questions below.

3. When you are writing an email, what should you pay attention to?
As for writing emails, there are many tips, for example, avoid using capital letters,
avoid typo errors, always identify ourselves and keep our messages brief and to the
point, include a concise subject line with all of our emails, let our recipient know
right away if any action is required of them, mind our language, etc.
 Watch and Listen

A. Before viewing
Brainstorming. Why should people pay attention to netiquette?

Reasons
1. We should respect others no matter we are online or
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
offline.
__________________________________________________
2. You may be rejected by others because of your
__________________________________________________
inappropriate behavior online.
3. ...
 Watch and Listen

B. While viewing
Watch the video clip and fill in the blanks with the words or expressions you’ve heard.

Over 107 trillion emails are sent every year on the public Internet. So here’s a list of a few of
my favoritenetiquette
1.__________ dos and don’ts as it relates to email communication.
Number one: Make sure that you use spell check and check your grammar. You wanna make
sure that you have a — you’re really giving a very good first impression. However, don’t correct
someone’s spelling or grammar unless they’ve asked for a 2.__________.
critique
Also, remember, don’t send an email when you’re angry or 3.__________
upset or if it’s really late at
regretted it.
night when you’re tired. I’ve done it. I know many of you have, and we’ve sort of 4.__________
And when you wake up in the morning, you go, “Why did I send that email last night that way?” So,
if you have to, just send the email to yourself and review it in the morning — a few extra hours is
actually digital time on your side.
 Watch and Listen

B. While viewing
Watch the video clip and fill in the blanks with the words or expressions you’ve heard.

Wondering whether you need to use a 5.__________

signature line or not? I’m surprised how many
people don’t. So make sure at the end of your email business correspondence, you have your first and
last name, you repeat your email address, you put your cell phone if you’re interested in being, you
know, be contacted by cell, and you put your business line. And if you wanna get fancy about it, use
something like WiseStamp and have your latest tweets, because it actually will add 6.__________
personality to
your email. Doesn’t need to be a novel, but don’t let them wonder who this is and have them push the
“Delete” button.
caps
And finally, really, don’t use all 7.__________ in an email. I see it in subject lines everywhere.
It’s a netiquette no-no. It means you’re 8.__________.
yelling
So, to 9.__________,
recap remember, spell check, grammar check, don’t type in all caps, don’t send
an email when you’re upset or angry or tired, and remember to let somebody know who the email’s
coming from, so they can 10.__________
respond to you appropriately.
 Watch and Listen

C. After viewing
Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1. Why should we check for spelling and grammar mistakes before sending an email?
Because an email with spelling and grammar mistakes will leave people a bad impression.
There is no excuse for sending out a poorly-written page, as it wastes people’s often
valuable online time.
2. Why should people use a professional signature while having a business correspondence?
Because a professional email signature can reflect a company’s ethos and credibility.
When a signature is designed well, it easily promotes your brand in a positive and
professional manner. Just remember your email signature is as important as any other part
of your corporate identity.
3. Why shouldn’t we use all capital letters when we are writing an email?
Because it seems that you are angry and shouting and that is very impolite.
 Reading and
Part 02
Understanding
Activate and Share Text A Text B
 Activate and Share

A. Preparing to read
Think about the questions below, and share your ideas with your partners.
1. What does the word “emoticon” mean?
An emoticon is a representation of a facial expression such as :-) (representing a
smile), formed by various combinations of keyboard characters and used to
convey the writer’s feelings or intended tone.
 Activate and Share

A. Preparing to read
Think about the questions below, and share your ideas with your partners.
2. Do you often use emoticons in your emails? If yes, give examples.
It really depends on the context. If it’s a client who I don’t know well, I’ll use a
more “professional” tone and avoid emoticons. But if it’s a friendly and
lighthearted message, I’ll sometimes drop in a :) or two to help convey the good
mood.
 Activate and Share

A. Preparing to read
Think about the questions below, and share your ideas with your partners.
3. If you meet a newbie ( 新手 ) in the online world, what might you do
appropriately?
I may help the newbie if he or she needs my help.
 Activate and Share

B. Making predictions from text type

Look at the title of Text A and predict which of the statements below might be true.

1. The text is persuasive.

(True)
2. The text is expository.
(False. It’s suggestive.)

3. The author will not give his or her personal opinions.

(False. There are personal opinions in the text.)
Text A Text A
I. Reading Comprehension
II. Think and Share
III. Language Focus
IV. Reading in Depth
V. Translation
TEXT A

Netiquette

1 Netiquette is the fusing of the words network and etiquette.

These rules, while never carved in stone,
are pretty much known by anyone who has used the Internet for a while and should
always be
abided by. They apply to all aspects of your wheeling and dealing on the Internet,
whether it be the content of your website, an email, or chat room jokes. Much of it
is common sense, but there are some elements of it that are borne out of the
medium we are communicating through — that would be text.
TEXT A

2 The main rule to stick by is just treating people like you would want to be treated. It
sounds very biblical, I know, but it is true. You have to be polite and considerate to
anyone you meet. There is a tendency on the Internet to abuse your anonymity and
go all-out insulting people, but that is just sad. Always consider whether your
comment may be appropriate, and whether it could cause hurt feelings. Be careful
about how your words come across — misunderstandings can be common.
Without a tone of voice, unless you are a great writer, a sarcastic
or otherwise harmless comment can often come off the wrong way. Use emoticons
to show your tone.
TEXT A

3 Remember that even though you cannot see them, there are people on the other end
of the line. If you wouldn’t say it to someone’s face, chances are you shouldn’t say
it here either. An unpleasant comment or critical email can ruin someone’s day.
TEXT A

Surroundings and Audience

4 If you are entering a chat room or message board for the first time, take a while to
familiarize yourself with the rules that may apply. If younger children are present
you will notice that swearing will probably result in you being kicked or banned by
the moderators (the people chosen to keep order by dealing with trouble-makers).
The variation in what is acceptable can range broadly between similar sites. This
process of learning something about the atmosphere of an arena is called lurking.
Once you think you know what you can and can’t say, go ahead and join in.
TEXT A

5 When writing for a website the concept of “audience” becomes even more
important. If you are going for a broad range of visitors, then you pretty much have
to keep all the swearing, bad words and secret hatreds to yourself.
TEXT A

6 The Internet was founded on the basis of information sharing and discussion. If you
have experience or skills in an area, then write about it and answer questions from
others. By setting up valuable resources for others, you can make the web a more
useful service.
TEXT A

7 No matter who you are writing to, you should always strive to sound intelligent,
and don’t take everything too seriously. A laugh here and there is absolutely
necessary to give your writing some energy. And people just like good writing, so
do your best to write some.
TEXT A

“Newbies”
8 It is nice how we elite have coined a whole new word for those unpleasant new
Internet users, isn’t it? Newbies are the poor little guys who are just being broken in
to the world of the Internet. Become a little experienced and you can spot them a
mile off, mainly because you can remember what it was like to be one. If you come
into contact with a newbie, try to help them out a bit.
You would have been grateful for their help had it been the other way around.
Newbie-haters are most rampant in the dangerous world of online gaming, so if you
could be a Samaritan in that area, it would be helpful.
TEXT A

Typing
9 The first rule of typing that everybody should be aware of is that writing IN
CAPITALS MAKES IT LOOK LIKE YOU’RE SHOUTING.
You will often hear people asking others to “lay off the caps”, and for good reason.
Shouting makes you look like an idiot. Don’t type more than a few consecutive
words in capitals. If you want to emphasize something, use the wealth of HTML
options available to you. If those aren’t available, stick some *stars* around your
text. There is always an alternative.
 TEXT A

10 Typos and grammatical errors are largely unavoidable. When writing for your
website, these should always be eradicated using a spell-checker and, if possible, a
manual check to find anything that your spell-checker didn’t. There is no excuse for
sending out a poorly-written page, as it wastes people’s often valuable online time.
In the fighting world of the chat room where retorts have to be flung out as fast as
possible you are not always able to catch mistakes before they happen. But you
should give your message a quick examination before clicking “send”.
 TEXT A

11 If someone else makes a spelling mistake, while it is undeniably annoying, you

should refrain from pointing out their mistakes. That is never funny. Help someone
out if they are in dire need of some intelligence, through private email if possible,
but try not to go at someone for every example of idiocy. You would
wear yourself out.
 TEXT A

12 To sum up, as in any public forum or culture, a collection of rules have developed
over the years that govern how discussions are carried out on the net. Sticking by
them assures a trouble-free time every time you connect to the Internet.
 I. Reading Comprehension

A. First reading
Directions: Each of the following statements contains information given in one of the
paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

1. 9
No writing in capitals.______
2. 5
Don’t forget audience.______
3. 8
Help newbies out.______
4. 10
Do check manually.______
5. 3
Don’t say unpleasant words. ______
6. 1
Etiquette on the Internet. ______
7. 12
Stick by the netiquette. ______
6
8. Make the web a more useful service. ______
9. 4
Lurk before joining in. ______
10. 2
Be polite and considerate to netizens. ______
 I. Reading Comprehension

B. Second reading
Directions: The following is a diagram of the text organization. Fill in the gaps in the
diagram by either using words from the text or using your own words.
Part One: Introduction: Definition and basic rules (Paras. 1—3)

Netiquette is the online

__________ Treat people like you would unpleasant words.
No __________
etiquette. (Para.1) want to be treated. (Para. 2) (Para. 3)

Part Two: Body paragraphs (Paras. 4—11)

Surroundings and
Newbies (Para. 8) Typing (Paras. 9—11)
Audience (Paras.4—7)
I. Reading Comprehension

__________
Lurk before joining in.
(Para. 4) No writing in _________.
capitals
Write online with netiquette. (Para. 9)
Help newbies (who are
(Para. 5) inexperienced and you can Do a __________
manual check
_____________
resources
Provide valuable __________ before sending it out. (Para.
easily recognize them out).
for others. (Para. 6) 10)
(Para. 8)
intelligent and don’t
Sound __________, Help with __________
private
take everything too seriously. emails. (Para. 11)
(Para. 7)

Part Three: Conclusion (Para. 12)

assures a trouble-free time.

Sticking by the rules on the Internet __________
 II. Think and Share

Directions: Brainstorm with your classmates and come up with more questions about
the text.

1. The main rule to stick by is just treating people like you would want to be treated.
Can you find similar expressions in Chinese?
己所不欲，勿施于人。
Don’t do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you.
 II. Think and Share

Directions: Brainstorm with your classmates and come up with more questions about
the text.

2. The Internet was founded on the basis of information sharing and discussion. Have
you ever set up valuable resources for others?
Yes. I have provided answers for some questions on the Internet. In addition, I may
upload some good documents for study to certain websites.
 II. Think and Share

Directions: Brainstorm with your classmates and come up with more questions about
the text.

3. Can you share more rules of netiquette?

a. Respect people’s privacy.
b. Respond to emails promptly.
c. Share with discretion.
d. While writing emails, always identify yourself and keep your messages brief
and to the point.
e. Refuse to empower abuse and harassment while online.
f. Acknowledge cultural differences.
g. ...
 III. Language Focus

A. Read each statement and circle the best answer.

1. ( Fusing/Refusing ) means mixing together different elements.

2. A ( means/medium) is a way of communicating information, etc. to people.
3. A ( considerate/considerable ) person is one who is thoughtful of the wishes, needs
or feelings of others.
4. ( Manual/Automatic) means being operated or done by hand or without the help of
electricity, computers, etc.
5. We had no ( alternative/alternate ) but to fire Gibson.
 III. Language Focus

B. Choose the best answer for each question or statement.

A for a breakthrough in cancer research.
1. The scientists ______
A. strive B. strain C. stress
B you.
2. She’s perfectly safe; I can ______
A. assume B. assure C. assign
C
3. Dangers seem to _______ beneath this river.
A. lark B. lay C. lurk
A of you to bring me my raincoat.
4. It was ______
A. considerate B. considerable C. consideration
A in most of Europe.
5. Unemployment is now ______
A. rampant B. popular C. fashionable
 III. Language Focus

C. Fill in each of the blanks with a word in the box below. Change the form where
necessary.

abide assure alternative emphasize retort

fuse insult considerate manual eradicate

fused into a plan.

1. Our different ideas __________
emphasize my good points without sounding boastful.
2. I tried to __________
insulted by her rude words.
3. He felt deeply __________
assured that everything possible was being done.
4. We were __________
retorted angrily.
5. “Don’t be ridiculous!” Pat __________
 III. Language Focus

C. Fill in each of the blanks with a word in the box below. Change the form where
necessary.

abide assure alternative emphasize retort

fuse insult considerate manual eradicate

alternative on the menu every day.

6. There is a vegetarian __________
eradicate racism from our sport.
7. We are determined to __________
abide
8. They have got to __________ by the rules.
manual
9. All work is of equal value, so we can’t look down upon those __________
workers. considerate
10. It was very __________ of him to wait.
 III. Language Focus

D. Sentence structure
Rewrite the following sentences after the models.
Model 1

You would have been grateful for their help if it had been the other way around.
→You would have been grateful for their help had it been the other way around.

1. If it had not been for his family, he’d have gone away long ago.
Had it not been for his family, he’d have gone away long ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
2. She
Shemight
mighthave
haveforgotten
forgottenhim
himcompletely
completelyifhad
it had notbeen
it not beenfor
forrecurrent
recurrentnightmares.
nightmares.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_Had it been fine, we would have gone to the park.
3. If it had been fine, we would have gone to the park.
 III. Language Focus

D. Sentence structure
Rewrite the following sentences after the models.
Model 2

Whoever you are writing to, you should always strive to sound intelligent.
→ No matter who you are writing to, you should always strive to sound intelligent.

1. I don’t want to see them, whoever they are.

I don’t want to see them, no matter who they are.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
2. He
Nocan suit who
matter his conversation
he is with, hetocan
whoever
suit hishe’s with.
conversation.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_Everybody who goes into this region, no matter who they are, is at risk of being taken hostage.
3. Everybody who goes into this region, whoever they are, is at risk of being taken hostage.
 IV. Reading in Depth

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in the word bank following the passage.
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. You may not use any
of the words in the bank more than once.

J online. Something about cyberspace makes

Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving 1.______
G with other real people.
it easy for people to forget that they are 2.______
The following covers some basics to communicating online.
M to the fact that there will be 4.______
Firstly, you should be 3.______ B and linguistic
backgrounds, as well as different political and religious beliefs, plus just differences in general.
Secondly, use good taste when composing your responses in Discussion Forums. Swearing
I or misinterpreted.
should be avoided. Also consider that slang can be 5.______
Thirdly, don’t use all capital letters when composing your responses as this is considered
D or aggressive. It can also be stressful on the
“shouting” on the Internet and is regarded as 6.______
eye when trying to read your message.
IV. Reading in Depth

L of others’ views and opinions. Avoid “flaming” (publicly attacking or

Fourthly, be 7.______
F
8.________ C the chances of getting all different
) them as this can cause hurt feelings and 9.______
types of points of view.
Fifthly, be careful when using acronyms. If you use an acronym it is best to spell out its
meaning first, then put the acronym in parentheses afterward, for example, Frequently Asked
Questions (FAQs). After that you can use the acronym freely throughout your message.
Lastly, use good grammar and spelling, and 10.______A using text messaging shortcuts.

A. avoid B. cultural C. decrease D. impolite E. increase

F. insulting G. interacting H. involving I. misunderstood J. properly
K. respectable L. respectful M. sensitive N. sensible O. try 解
 V. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. They apply to all aspects of your wheeling and dealing on the Internet, whether it be the content of
your website, an email, or chat room jokes. (Para. 1)
它们适用于你在互联网上为所欲为的所有方方面面，无论是你网站的内容、电子邮件，还是聊天室里
_______________________________________________________________________________
的玩笑。
_______________________________________________________________________________
__
2. 要遵循的主要原则是己所不欲，勿施于人。
The main rule to stick by is just treating people like you would want to be treated. (Para. 2)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_一旦你认为你知道你能说什么、不能说什么，那就加入进来吧。
3. Once you think you know what you can and can’t say, go ahead and join in. (Para. 4)
_______________________________________________________________________________
因特网是建立在信息共享和讨论的基础上的。
_
4. The Internet was founded on the basis of information sharing and discussion. (Para. 6)
坚持遵循它们可以确保你每次上网时都不会有不必要的麻烦。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
 V. Translation

B. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 他们不断又喊又叫，真让我们受不了。 (wear sb. out)
They worn us out with their constant screaming and crying.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
2. 如果您对我有意见，请当面告诉我，而不要向工作中的其他人抱怨我。 (to someone’s
If you’ve got a problem with me, tell me to my face instead of complaining about face)
me to everyone
else at work.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__
Could you spare one of your staff to help us out?
3. 你能从你手下抽一个人过来帮帮我们吗？ (help sb. out)
_______________________________________________________________________________
The title of the report is written in capitals.
_
4. 那篇报告的标题是用大写字母写的。 (in capitals)
There is no excuse for not giving them a chance.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
Text B Text B
I. Reading Comprehension
II. Language Focus
TEXT B

The Lack of Manners in Today’s Society

1 Recently, I have been blinded by the sheer

lack of manners of people in today’s society. All around me, I am surrounded by
rude people with no regard for the safety, concern or respect of the people who are
around them and it makes me question their upbringing. The more I look around at
this world, I feel like people only have one thing they want to look out for:
themselves.
TEXT B

2 I want to remind people of some pretty basic manners. I feel like civilization has
forgotten and in return has created a downfall. Without manners and love for one
another, this world will get darker and darker. Here are some of the most forgotten
manners that need to be reintroduced into today’s society for better community
living.
TEXT B

Saying “Please” and “Thank you”

3 I feel like this was the very first set of manners I was taught when I was a child and
yet, this is the most unused set of manners today! I walk around the cafeteria at my
college and hear fellow students demand something without a please or a thank-
you. To be honest, it makes me want to smack them upside the head! Did your
parents forget to teach you the core basics of respect?
It might be that person’s “job” to retrieve
you whatever it was you asked for; however, it is not their job to do it
in any time fashion. You could ask for a side of ranch and they could take 15
minutes — however, you ask for a side of ranch please, that waiter/waitress might
bring that ranch a lot faster.
TEXT B

4 Saying please and thank you takes an extra two breaths and is more respectful. That
person you are showing respect to is a human just as you are, and therefore, they
deserve manners just like you do.
TEXT B

Holding the door open for others

5 My parents taught me that you are to hold the door for anyone — it does not matter
who they are: black, white, purple, green, male, female, young, old, baby, someone
you love or someone you hate.
You show respect to someone no matter what and you hold the door open. Period.
TEXT B

6 Today, I find it rare that the door is held open for me. I am a female. I do like the
ideals of some of the modern feminist ideas — however, this is not one of them. If
you see me coming, hold the door open for me. I do not care if you are a male or a
female, hold the door. I know I have arms, but so do you — it’s called respect.
 TEXT B

Using eye contact

7 Maybe it is just me, but something that can really irritate me faster than being
cut off in traffic is when someone does not make eye contact with me while having
a conversation. Eye contact is key to any good conversation. It allows the person
you are communicating with to know that you are interested in what they have to
say and that you value their time. Therefore, when you have a conversation with
someone, look them in the eyes and let them know you value their time and what
they have to say.
TEXT B

Waiting your turn

8 Like I said before, I know life is busy. There is just one thing I want to clarify
with everyone. Your life is busy, but so is everyone else’s. I have things within my
life that I have to do that require urgency and I know you do as well. Life is about
waiting though. Patience is a virtue, or so they say. You wait to go to school. You
wait to graduate. You wait to get married and have kids. You wait to retire. Wait. It
is within the waiting that you find that life is actually happening and your life is
worthwhile.
 TEXT B

Basic respect for one another

9 I don’t know if it’s just me, or if it has always been like this, but I feel like the level
of rudeness that people have toward one another has escalated from a level one to
threat level. Since when did it become OK for everyone to talk about each other?
Since when did it become OK for others to use one another to climb their way to
the top of the social ladder? When did the basic instinct of human compassion leave
each of our hearts and we all become so selfish? I know, you might think that these
are not manners, but they are. The definition of manners is the way a person acts
toward one another. So when did our ideal standards of manners become
ignorance?
 TEXT B

Proper table manners

10 If you don’t know proper table manners by now, I have to wonder about your
upbringing. Are you actually a caveman? I am going to make this short and sweet
because these are things that cannot be debated on.
 TEXT B

11 No chewing with your mouth open. Keep your elbows off the table. Do not reach in
front of others’ plates. Don’t talk with your mouth full. Ask to be excused from the
table. Keep all “natural gases” and slurps inside your body at all times.
 TEXT B

12 If you have questions about these table manners, feel free to ask your grandparents.
I guarantee they will teach you some manners, because mine sure did.
 TEXT B

13 While there are thousands of manners we could be discussing, I feel these are the
most important in today’s society. Without manners and respect, this world has
nothing. We must all learn the art of respect toward one another again to live in
harmony once again.
 I. Reading Comprehension

A. Check (√) the true statements. 解

1. Having eye contact allows the person you are communicating with to know
that you are interested in what they have to say and that you value their time. ( 　　
√ )

2. People will suffer in the end if they continue to have no manners and love
for one another. ( 　　
√ )

3. Having patience is only a virtue, not an example of good manners. ( 　　 )

4. Showing respect has many various ways. ( 　　

√ )

5. People lack of manners because they just look out for themselves. ( 　　
√ )
 I. Reading Comprehension

B. Choose the best answer to each question.

1. According to the author, which is the most unused set of manners today? ( B )
A. Holding the door open for others.
B. Saying please and thank you.
C. Making eye contact.
D. Waiting your turn.

Teaching tip:
You can refer to the first sentence in Paragraph 3.
 I. Reading Comprehension

B. Choose the best answer to each question.

2. Which of the following statements is NOT good table manners? ( A )

A. Chew with your mouth open.
B. Keep your elbows off the table.
C. Do not reach in front of others’ plates.
D. Don’t talk with your mouth full.

Teaching tips:
You can refer to the first sentence in Paragraph 11.
 I. Reading Comprehension

B. Choose the best answer to each question.

3. What is the thing that can really irritate the author more than being cut off in
traffic?( D )
A. Someone doesn’t wait his turn.
B. Someone doesn’t hold the door open.
C. Someone doesn’t say thank you.
D. Someone doesn’t have eye contact with her.

Teaching tip:
You can refer to the first sentence in Paragraph 7.
 I. Reading Comprehension

B. Choose the best answer to each question.

4. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? ( A )

A. People’s bad manners may make others question their upbringing.
B. Saying please and thank you or not will not affect a waiter/waitress’s service.
C. You may not hold the door open for a young man.
D. When the person is of higher status, you may not make eye contact with
him/her while talking.

Teaching tips:
You can refer to the second sentence in Paragraph 1.
 I. Reading Comprehension

B. Choose the best answer to each question.

5. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text? ( C )

A. Keep all “natural gases” inside your body at all times.
B. Ask to be excused from the table.
C. Keep your smartphone off the table and set to silent or vibrate.
D. Chew with your mouth closed.

Teaching tip:
You can find the other choices from Paragraph 11.
 I. Reading Comprehension

C. List of headings
Directions: Match the following headings with the Paragraphs 1, 5, 7, 8 and 11. Fill in
each blank with a corresponding paragraph number.

11
1. Examples of table manners ______
7
2. Having eye contact ______
8
3. Waiting your turn ______
5
4. Hold the door open for others no matter who they are ______
1
5. People just care about themselves ______
 II. Language Focus

A. Word building
① mis- The prefix mis- combines with nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs to form
new words without changing the word class, which means “bad or wrong, badly or
wrongly” .
Examples

Words learned Add mis- New words formed

take → mistake
spell → misspell
understand → misunderstand
fortune → misfortune
 II. Language Focus

A. Word building
② a- The prefix a- means “on, in, into” .

Examples

Words learned Add a- New words formed

live → alive
shore → ashore
side → aside
sleep → asleep
 II. Language Focus

A. Word building
③ -y The suffix -y forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives, which means “full of,
having the quality of ” .

Examples

Words learned Add -y New words formed

fun → funny
salt → salty
snow → snowy
mess → messy
 II. Language Focus

A. Word building
④ -ence The suffix -ence forms nouns denoting a quality or an instance of it.

Examples

Words learned Add -ence New words formed

exist → existence
refer → reference
adhere → adherence
emerge → emergence
 II. Language Focus

Add mis-, a-, -y, -ence to the following words to form new words.
Words learned Prefixes or Suffixes New words formed
rain -y rainy
fog -y foggy
health -y healthy
wash a- awash
foot a-
afoot
bed a-
abed
doing mis-
misdoing
trust mis-
mistrust
confer -ence
conference
compete -ence
competence
 II. Language Focus

B. Blank-filling
Directions: Choose a word in the box to fill in each of the blanks.

affirm ahead assure cloudy doggy

hilly misinterpret mismanagement occurrence preference

assure you of its quality.

1. I can __________
hilly
2. The agricultural land is __________.
doggy person. He keeps three dogs.
3. My uncle is a __________
cloudy and looks like rain.
4. The sky is __________,
affirm nor deny it.
5. We neither __________
 II. Language Focus

B. Blank-filling
Directions: Choose a word in the box to fill in each of the blanks.

affirm ahead assure cloudy doggy

hilly misinterpret mismanagement occurrence preference

misinterpret me as being aggressive.

6. My biggest problem is that people always __________
preference
7. It’s a matter of personal __________.
mismanagement left the company desperately in need of restructuring.
8. His _______________
ahead was blocked.
9. The road __________
occurrence in that country.
10. Extreme weather is a rare __________
 Guided Writing
Writing an Expository Essay
Part 03
A. An analysis of the structure of an expository essay

B. Grammar for writing

C. Sentence patterns for writing

D. Theme-related writing
 Writing an Expository Essay

① An expository essay exposes things in detail to make readers understand without

any complications.
② A common structure for a short expository essay consists of five paragraphs: An
introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
 Writing an Expository Essay

A. An analysis of the structure of an expository essay

Introducing your essay.

Like all essays, an expository essay Paras. 1—3 of Text A is the

begins with an introduction. This introduction part. It gives the
serves to hook the reader’s interest, definition and basic rules of
briefly introduces your topic, and netiquette.
provides a thesis statement
summarizing what you’re going to say
about it.
 Writing an Expository Essay

Writing the body paragraphs.

The body of your essay is where you cover Paras. 4—11 are the body paragraphs of Text
your topic in depth. It often consists of three A. The author uses examples to introduce the
paragraphs, but may be more for a longer netiquette from the three aspects:
essay. This is where you present the details of surroundings and audience (Paras. 4—7),
the process, idea or topic you’re explaining. newbies (Para. 8) and typing (Paras. 9—11).

It’s important to make sure each paragraph

covers its own clearly defined topic,
introduced with a topic sentence. Different
topics (all related to the overall subject matter
of the essay) should be presented in a logical
order, with clear transitions between
paragraphs.
 Writing an Expository Essay

Concluding your essay.

The conclusion of an expository essay Para. 12 is the concluding part of Text

serves to summarize the topic under A. It stresses the importance of
discussion. It should not present any sticking by the rules on the Internet.
new information or evidence, but
should instead focus on reinforcing
the points made so far. Essentially,
your conclusion is there to round off
the essay in an engaging way.
 Writing an Expository Essay

B. Grammar for writing

In English grammar, the subject is the part of a sentence or clause that commonly
indicates what it is about, or who or what performs the action (that is, the agent). The
subject is typically a noun (“The dog ...”), a noun phrase (“My favorite book”), or a
pronoun (“It ...”).
However, besides nouns (noun phrases) and pronouns, subjects can have some
other variant forms.
It can be an infinitive, as shown in the following example.
e.g. To do morning exercises is good for our health.
It can be a gerund, as shown in the following example.
e.g. Seeing is believing.
 Writing an Expository Essay

B. Grammar for writing

It can be a phrase with a beginning like “how, what, where, who ...” .
e.g. How to do well is an important question.
It can be a sentence.
e.g. That the earth goes/moves around the sun is truth.
Sometimes we need to use a “dummy” subject where there is no other subject to
put in the subject position. We use “it” or “there” as subjects.
e.g. It’s not raining, is it?
There are lots of things to do here in the city centre.
Writing an Expository Essay

C. Sentence patterns for writing

① with ... 有……

e.g. the seat with the best view of the room
the person with higher rank
② As part of ... 作为……的一部分
e.g. As part of Chinese culinary culture, Chinese table manners are still observed
today.
③ It is better to ... 最好是……
e.g. It is better to be seated after the senior or the guest of honor sit down.
 Writing an Expository Essay

D. Theme-related writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about
Chinese Table Manners. You should introduce the manners from several aspects and
write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Chinese Table Manners

Outline
1. Introduction.
2. The body paragraphs: Examples of table manners.
3. Conclusion: The importance of knowing Chinese table manners.
Writing an Expository Essay

Tips
 Introduction: You may begin with an introduction that Chinese people
value table manners as well as food.
 The body paragraphs: You may introduce the table manners in terms of
seating, dining, chopsticks using, etc.
 Conclusion: You may sum up with a conclusion that good table manners
matter a lot.
 Writing an Expository Essay

Sample:
Chinese Table Manners
The Chinese have developed an exquisite cuisine and they regard food as being
the most important thing in their life. As part of Chinese culinary culture, Chinese
table manners are still observed today.
About seating, the “guest of honor” or the oldest person in the family will have
the seat with the best view of the room. Then the person with higher rank gets a closer
seat to the “guest of honor” . As for the host, he may take the least prominent seat,
usually the one nearest the kitchen or service door. It is better to be seated after the
senior or the guest of honor sit down. Guests should wait for the host to invite them to
get seated.
About chopsticks, there are some taboos. For example, don’t lick the tips of the
chopsticks; don’t cross the chopsticks on the table. There may be some other dos and
don’ts when dining. Just be modest and observe the host.
 Unit Project:
Part 04 All About China
I. Reading II. Interaction

III. Presentation IV. Translation

 I. Reading

Quotes from The Book of Rites

Etiquette values reciprocity and mutual benefit. It would go against it if someone

who has received a gift does not reciprocate such goodwill. When one acts according
to such etiquette, one will enjoy peace. Without it, one will cause trouble. (“Quli”, Part
I, The Book of Rites)
Rites are the basis for determining proper human relations, clarifying ambiguities,
differentiating between things, and telling right from wrong. (“Quli”, Part I, The Book
of Rites)
Ruling a country without observing proprieties is like tilling a field without
farming tools. (“Liyun”, The Book of Rites)
 I. Reading

Observing proprieties at home, knowing when to advance and when to retreat,

appointing officials of all ranks according to their abilities, and implementing all these
render a society of great harmony in which things are placed in their proper positions.
(“Jingjie”, The Book of Rites)
One must be deferential and respectful, dignified and contemplative, soft-spoken
yet assuring. (“Quli”, Part I, The Book of Rites)

Cultural background
I. Reading

Phrases and Expressions

Reciprocity 互惠
Etiquette values reciprocity and mutual benefit. 礼尚往来。
reciprocate 报答
determine proper human relations 定亲疏
clarify ambiguities 决嫌疑
differentiate between things 别同异
tell right from wrong 明是非
observe proprieties 遵守礼节
observe proprieties at home 居处有礼
know when to advance and when to retreat 进退有度
I. Reading

Phrases and Expressions

appoint officials of all ranks according to their abilities 百官得其宜

things are placed in their proper positions 万事得其序
deferential and respectful 毋不敬
dignified and contemplative 俨若思
soft-spoken yet assuring 安定辞
I. Reading

Translation of the Reading

礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。人有礼则安，无礼
则危。（《礼记 · 曲礼上》）
夫礼者，所以定亲疏，决嫌疑，别同异，明是非也。（《礼记 · 曲礼上》）
治国不以礼，犹无耜而耕也。（《礼记 · 礼运》）
居处有礼，进退有度，百官得其宜，万事得其序。（《礼记 · 经解》）
毋不敬，俨若思，安定辞。（《礼记 · 曲礼上》）
 II. Interaction

Directions: Work with a partner and discuss the questions below.

1. What’s your understanding of Li in Chinese?

Li ( 礼 ) is a general term for social norms which regulate an individual’s

relationship with other people, everything else in nature and even ghosts and spirits.
By setting various regulations about ceremonial vessels, rituals and systems, rites
define an individual’s specific status and corresponding duty and power, thereby
differentiating between people in a community in terms of age, kinship and social
status. With such differentiations, rites determine the proper position of each
individual, thus achieving harmony among human beings, and between humanity
and everything else in nature.
II. Interaction

Directions: Work with a partner and discuss the questions below.

2. Can you explain the saying “ 不学礼，无以立” in Chinese?

This saying is like “Manners maketh man” in English. It stresses the importance of
manners to a person. If one wants to be accepted in a society, he or she must be
polite and respectful.
 II. Interaction

Directions: Work with a partner and discuss the questions below.

3. Can you find some other famous sayings about etiquette in Chinese classical
readings?

a. 夫礼，天之经也，地之义也，民之行也。（《左传 · 昭公二十五年》）
Rites are the rules governing the movement of heaven and earth as well as code
of conduct for the people. (Zuo’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn
Annals)
b. 礼之用，和为贵。（《论语 · 学而》）
Make harmony a top priority in the application of rites. (The Analects of
Confucius)
 III. Presentation

Directions: Give a one-minute speech to the whole class based on the above
discussions. It’s a good idea to take a video of your presentation or make a
powerpoint document and share it with the class.

The Outline of a Speech

Hello, everyone! I’d like to talk about the topic of “Li in Chinese” in this speech.
Firstly, I will begin with the importance of Li.
Secondly, Li is advocated and practiced in different aspects.
Thirdly, Li appears in everyday life.
I hope everyone can be a person with Li. I’d like to hear your voice. Thank you!
 III. Presentation

Sample speech:
Hello, everyone! I’d like to talk about the topic of “Li in Chinese” in this speech.
Firstly, I will begin with the importance of Li. China is a country of etiquette, with a
long and rich etiquette culture. Etiquette is not only the code of conduct in social
activities, but also the cultural requirement to guide people’s spiritual activities.
Secondly, Li is advocated and practiced in different aspects. For example, we have the
saying “Ruling a country without observing proprieties is like tilling a field without
farming tools.” In addition, educating and influencing the people through Li has the
invisible impact of getting rid of immoral thoughts in the bud. Thirdly, Li appears in
everyday life. No matter the addressing terms, the table manners or the clothings,
Chinese have certain etiquette, without which people cannot be accepted in a
community.
I hope everyone can be a person with Li. I’d like to hear your voice. Thank you!
IV. Translation

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English.

礼仪关乎人格，关乎国格。中华 词汇难点
民族自古就以礼仪之邦著称于世，注
人格 human dignity
重树立礼仪之邦的良好形象。习近平
国格 national character
总书记指出：“礼仪是宣示价值观、
礼仪之邦 a nation of propriety
教化人民的有效方式，要有计划地建
升国旗仪式 the ceremony of raising the
立和规范一些礼仪制度，如升国旗仪
式、成人仪式、入党入团入队仪式等， national flag
利用重大纪念日、民族传统节日等契 成人仪式 the celebration of becoming
机，组织开展形式多样的纪念庆典活 an adult
动，传播主流价值，增强人们的认同 民族传统节日 national traditional festival
感和归属感。”
IV. Translation

【翻译技巧】

1. 省译法：指删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免
译文累赘的翻译方法。例如：
中华民族自古就以礼仪之邦著称于世，注重树立礼仪之邦的良好形象。
Since ancient times, China has been known as a nation of propriety, and has paid
attention to establishing such a good image.
上面译文为了避免重复，省去了原文中的部分表达，用 such 指代了“礼仪之
邦”。
IV. Translation

【翻译技巧】

2. 增译法：指在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所
包含的意义。例如：
要有计划地建立和规范一些礼仪制度，如升国旗仪式、成人仪式、入党入团
入队仪式等……
We should establish and standardize some etiquette systems in a planned way, such
as the ceremony of raising the national flag, the celebrations of becoming an adult,
a member of the Young Pioneers of China, the Chinese Communist Youth League
and the Communist Party of China, and so on.
上述译文增加了主语 we ，还增加了党、团、队的全称。
 IV. Translation

Sample Translation:
Etiquette is a matter of human dignity and national character. Since ancient times,
China has been known as a nation of propriety, and has paid attention to establishing
such a good image. The General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Etiquette is an
effective way of declaring values and educating people. We should establish and
standardize some etiquette systems in a planned way, such as the ceremony of raising
the national flag, the celebrations of becoming an adult, a member of the Young
Pioneers of China, the Chinese Communist Youth League and the Communist Party of
China, and so on. Besides these, we should also organize various celebrations on other
occasions, especially on important and memorable days and national traditional
festivals, so that the mainstream values can be spread widely and people’s identity and
sense of belonging as Chinese people can be enhanced greatly.”
Language Points

fuse [fjuːz]

v. to mix together different elements to form a single thing （使）融合，结合

e.g. The two companies have been fused into a single organization.
这两家公司合并成一个机构。
We disagreed at first but eventually our ideas fused.
一开始我们的意见有分歧，但最后达成了一致。
Language Points

These rules, while never carved in stone, are pretty much known by
anyone who has used the Internet for a while and should always be
abided by.

Paraphrase: Although these rules are changeable, they are known by

almost anyone who has been using the Internet for a while
and should always be observed by the online users.
Language Points

be carved in stone
(of a decision, plan, etc.) unable to be changed 不能改变；铁板钉钉

e.g. People should remember that our proposals aren’t carved in stone.
人们应该记住我们的建议并非板上钉钉。
Language Points

abide by
to accept and act according to a law, an agreement, etc. 遵守，遵循（法律、协
议、协定等）
e.g. You’ll have to abide by the rules of the club.
你必须遵守俱乐部的规定。
Once you make a promise, you must abide by it.
你一旦许诺，就必须遵守诺言。
Language Points

wheel and deal

to do a lot of complicated deals in business or politics, often in a dishonest
way （在商界、政界场所等）独断专行；为所欲为
e.g. The senator got his law passed by wheeling and dealing in Congress.
那名议员利用他在国会内的势力大肆活动，终使他的法案得以通过。
Language Points

medium [ˈmiːdiəm]

n. a way of communicating information, etc. to people 媒介；手段；方法

e.g. Internet is the modern medium of communication.

网络是现代传媒。
Sound travels through the medium of air.
声音通过空气这一媒介传播。
Language Points

stick by
to do what you promised or planned to do 信守，遵守，贯彻（承诺、计划
等）
e.g. They stuck by their decision.
他们决心已下，矢志不渝。
Language Points

considerate [kənˈsɪdərət]

a. always thinking of other people’s wishes and feelings; careful not to hurt or
upset others 考虑周到的；为（他人）着想的；体谅的；体贴的

e.g. She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.

她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。
She’s a very considerate and caring person.
她是一个很懂得体贴和关心的人。
Language Points

insult [ɪnˈsʌlt]

v. to say or do sth. that offends sb. 辱骂；侮辱；冒犯

e.g. He was insulted mercilessly.

他遭到无情的羞辱。
He felt deeply insulted by her rude words.
她无礼的言辞使他深感受辱。
Language Points

come across
to be understood 被理解；被弄懂

e.g. He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn’t really come across.
他讲了很久，但他的意思并没有真正被理解。
Language Points

Without a tone of voice, unless you are a great writer, a sarcastic or

otherwise harmless comment can often come off the wrong way.

Paraphrase: Unless we are very good at expressing ourselves when we

are online, because the people on the other end cannot hear
our tone of voice, and they may misunderstand us or get hurt
if we make a sarcastic or otherwise harmless comment.
Language Points

sarcastic [sɑːˈkæstɪk]

a. showing or expressing sarcasm 讽刺的；嘲讽的；挖苦的

e.g. A sarcastic remark was on the tip of her tongue.

挖苦的话到了她嘴边却没说出来。
I could see from her expression that his sarcastic comments had hit
home.
我从她的表情中可以看出，他那些挖苦人的话已经触及她的痛处。
Language Points

familiarize oneself/sb. (with sth.)

to learn about sth. or teach sb. about sth., so that you/they start to understand
it （使）熟悉，了解，通晓

e.g. You’ll need time to familiarize yourself with our procedures.

你需要时间熟悉我们的程序。
She had familiarized herself with a great deal of native lore.
她已经熟悉了许许多多的民间传说。
Language Points

go ahead
to begin to do sth., esp. when sb. has given permission or has expressed
doubts or opposition 着手干；开始做

e.g. The government intends to go ahead with its tax cutting plans.
政府拟开始实施减税计划。
Language Points

hatred [ˈheɪtrɪd]

n. a very strong feeling of dislike for sb./sth. 仇恨；憎恨；厌恶

e.g. There was fear and hatred in his voice.

他的声音里透露着恐惧和仇恨。
She felt nothing but hatred for her attacker.
她对攻击她的人只有恨。
Language Points

coin [kɔɪn]

v. to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use 创造
（新词语）

e.g. The term “cardboard city” was coined to describe communities of

homeless people living in cardboard boxes.
人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚屋里无家可
归者的居住区。
Language Points

You would have been grateful for their help had it been the other way
around.

Paraphrase: If you were the newbie, you would have been grateful for
experienced people’s help.
Language Points

the other way around

with the order reversed 倒过来；从相反方向

e.g. You’d think you were the one who did me the favour, and not the other
way around.
你会认为是你帮助了我，而不是我帮助了你。
With experts, it’s just the other way around.
在专家看来，情况恰恰相反。
Language Points

rampant [ˈræmpənt]

a. (of sth. bad) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be

controlled 泛滥的；猖獗的

e.g. Crime was rampant.

犯罪行为猖獗。
Sickness was rampant in the country.
疾病在这个国家猖獗。
Language Points

You will often hear people asking others to “lay off the caps”, and for
good reason.

Paraphrase: People have enough reason to ask you not to use capital
letters.
Language Points

consecutive [kənˈsekjətɪv]

a. following one after another in a series, without interruption 连续不断的

e.g. She was absent for five consecutive days.

她一连缺席了五天。
It has rained for four consecutive days.
已连续下了四天雨。
Language Points

emphasize [ˈemfəsaɪz]

v. to give special importance to sth. 强调；重视；着重

e.g. It should be emphasized that this is only one possible explanation.

应该强调的是，这只是一种可能的解释。
He emphasized the importance of careful driving.
他强调小心驾驶的重要性。
Language Points

eradicate [ɪˈrædɪkeɪt]

v. to destroy or get rid of sth. completely, esp. sth. bad 根除；消灭；杜绝

e.g. If tedious tasks could be eradicated, the world would be a much better
place.
如果可以消灭那些单调乏味的工作，世界将会变成一个更加美好
的地方。
They attempted to eradicate crime.
他们力图根除罪恶。
Language Points

manual [ˈmænjuəl]

a. (of work, etc.) involving using the hands or physical strength 用手的；手
工的；体力的

e.g. There is a manual pump to get rid of the water.

有一只手摇水泵用来排水。
Work done by machines has replaced manual labour.
机器生产已经代替了手工劳作。
Language Points

retort [rɪˈtɔːt]

n. a short angry or humorous reply （简短而愤怒或幽默的）反驳，回嘴

v. to reply quickly to a comment, in an angry, offended or humorous way （生气或幽默地）
反驳，回嘴

e.g. He was about to make a sharp retort.

他正要尖刻地反驳。
Sam retorted that it was my fault as much as his.
萨姆反驳说我和他同样有错。
He retorted that she herself was not very clever.
他回嘴说她自己也并不聪明。
Language Points

dire [ˈdaɪə(r)]

a. extremely serious or terrible 极其严重的；极可怕的

e.g. The country is in dire need of food aid.

这个国家急需食物援助。
Such action may have dire consequences.
这种行为可能产生严重后果。
Language Points

go at sb.
to attack sb. 攻击某人

e.g. They went at each other furiously.

他们相互猛烈攻击。
He went at the dog with a stick.
他拿棍子朝狗打去。
Language Points

wear oneself/sb. out

to make oneself/sb. feel very tired 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦

e.g. You’ll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.

你要是继续这样拼命工作，你会筋疲力尽的。
Language Points

assure [əˈʃʊə(r)]

v. to tell sb. that sth. is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, esp.
when they have doubts about it 使确信；向……保证

e.g. We assured him of our support.

我们向他保证给予支持。
We book early to assure ourselves of seats.
我们及早订票以确保有座。
Language Points

Recently, I have been blinded by the sheer lack of manners of people in

today’s society.

Paraphrase: Recently, I just can’t understand that there are so many

people who absolutely lack basic manners in today’s society.
Language Points

blind [blaɪnd]

v. to make sb. no longer able to think clearly or behave in a sensible way 使

思维混沌；使失去判断力

e.g. His sense of loyalty blinded him to the truth.

他的赤诚忠心使他看不清真相。
Language Points

sheer [ʃɪə(r)]

a. complete and not mixed with anything else 完全的；纯粹的；十足的

e.g. The concert was sheer delight.

这场音乐会是十足的享受。
I only agreed out of sheer desperation.
我一时情急才同意的。
Language Points

feel like
1. to have a particular sensation or tactile experience 感觉好似
2. (informal) to want to have or do sth. 想要

e.g. Sometimes I feel like I’m losing my mind.

有时，我觉得自己好像要失去理智了。
Do you feel like eating out tonight?
你今晚想出去吃吗？
Language Points

downfall [ˈdaʊnfɔːl]

n. the loss of a person’s money, power, social position, etc.; the thing that
causes this 衰落；衰败；垮台；衰落（或衰败、垮台）的原因

e.g. His pride may still be his downfall.

他的傲慢可能还会毁了他。
His lack of experience had led to his downfall.
他经验不足导致了其垮台。
Language Points

smack [smæk]

v. to hit sb. with your open hand, esp. as a punishment 用巴掌打；掴

e.g. He smacked his hands down on his knees.

他的双手使劲地拍了一下膝盖。
I think it’s wrong to smack children.
我觉得打孩子不对。
Language Points

It might be that person’s “job” to retrieve you whatever it was you asked
for; however, it is not their job to do it in any time fashion.

Paraphrase: The person to whom you didn’t say “please” may still have
to fetch the thing you asked for because that is his/her job,
but they may come back to you not so immediately.
Language Points

retrieve [rɪˈtriːv]

v. (formal) to bring or get sth. back, esp. from a place where it should not be
取回；索回

e.g. The police have managed to retrieve some of the stolen money.
警方已经成功追回部分被盗钱款。
I should like to retrieve my umbrella which I left in the car.
我想取回我留在车上的雨伞。
Language Points

in (a) ... fashion

(formal) in a particular way 以……方式

e.g. How could they behave in such a fashion?

他们怎么会这样做呢？
She was proved right, in dramatic fashion, when the whole department
resigned.
整个部门的人都辞职了，戏剧性地证明她是对的。
Language Points

deserve [dɪˈzɜːv]

v. to be worthy of 值得；应得；应受

e.g. You deserve a rest after all that hard work.

辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。
You deserve a reward for being so helpful.
你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。
Language Points

You show respect to someone no matter what and you hold the door open.
Period.

Paraphrase: Whatever situation it is, you are to show respect to others,

such as you hold the door open for others. There is no
necessity for more words.
Language Points

irritate [ˈɪrɪteɪt]

v. to annoy sb., esp. by sth. you continuously do or by sth. that continuously

happens 使烦恼；使恼怒

e.g. He became more and more irritated by her inability to stick at

anything.
他对她做任何事都会半途而废感到越来越恼火。
Don’t irritate her, she’s on a short fuse today.
别惹她，她今天动不动就发火。
Language Points

cut off
to block or get in the way of sth. 阻碍；堵塞

e.g. They cut off the enemy’s retreat.

他们切断了敌人的退路。
Language Points

value [ˈvæljuː]

v. to think that sb./sth. is important 重视；珍视

e.g. I really value him as a friend.

我真的把他视为好朋友。
The Chinese highly value the strong family ties.
The Chinese highly value the strong family ties.
Language Points

There is just one thing I want to clarify with everyone.

Paraphrase: I just want to make everyone be aware of one thing.

Language Points

clarify [ˈklærəfaɪ]

v. to make sth. clearer or easier to understand 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清

e.g. I hope this clarifies my position.

我希望这能阐明我的立场。
These brief remarks may serve to clarify the fact.
这些简要的评论可以澄清事实。
Language Points

escalate [ˈeskəleɪt]

v. to become or make sth. greater, worse, more serious, etc. （使）逐步扩大；

不断恶化；加剧

e.g. The fighting escalated into a full-scale war.

这场交战逐步扩大为全面战争。
House prices have escalated rapidly.
房价已急速上涨。
Language Points

short and sweet

(informal) pleasant but not lasting a long time 简短而合适；简单明了；简
明扼要

e.g. We haven’t much time so I’ll keep it short and sweet.

我们时间不多，我就长话短说吧。
His speech that day was short and sweet.
他那天的讲话简短而愉快。
Language Points

debate [dɪˈbeɪt]

v. to discuss sth., esp. formally, before making a decision or finding a solution

（尤指正式）讨论，辩论

e.g. The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly debated (=
strongly argued about) by scientists.
关于宇宙起源的问题，科学家仍进行着激烈辩论。
The United Nations Security Council will debate the issue today.
联合国安理会今天将就这个问题展开讨论。
TEXT A

译文

网络礼仪
网络礼仪是网络和礼仪这两个词的结合。这些规范，虽然不是一成不变
的，但已被使用互联网有段时间的人所熟知，并且始终遵守。它们适用于你
在互联网上为所欲为的所有方方面面，无论是你网站的内容、电子邮件，还
是聊天室里的玩笑。网络礼仪大部分都是常识，但也有一些元素是从我们交
流的媒介（互联网）中产生的——这些应该被记下来。
TEXT A

译文

要遵循的主要原则是己所不欲，勿施于人。我知道这听起来像传道一样，
但确实如此。你必须对遇到的任何人都要有礼貌和体贴。互联网上有一种趋
势，那就是滥用网络匿名，无所顾忌地侮辱别人，这真是令人悲哀。要一直
注意你的（网上）评论是否恰当，是否会对他人造成伤害。注意你的文字如
何被他人理解——误解是很常见的。除非你是一个伟大的作家，否则因为没
有讲话的语调，在网上你一个讽刺而无意伤害的评论往往会被误解。所以，
要使用表情符号来表示你的语气。
TEXT A

译文

请记住，即使你看不到他们，在网络的另一端也是活生生的人。如果你
当着某人的面不会说某些话，那么你也不应该在网络上说。一个令人不愉快
的评论或批评性的电子邮件可能会毁了某人的一天。
TEXT A

译文

环境和受众
如果你是第一次进入聊天室或留言板，请花一些时间熟悉一下可能适用
的规则。如果有年幼的孩子在场，你会注意到，说脏话可能会导致你被管理
员（那些被选来通过与麻烦制造者打交道而维持秩序的人）踢出或禁止。相
似网站之间可接受规则的范围可能存在很大差异。这种了解网络活动场所氛
围的过程叫作“潜水”。一旦你认为你知道你能说什么、不能说什么，那就
加入进来吧。
TEXT A

译文

在为网站写作时，“受众”的概念变得更加重要。如果你要面向广泛的
访问者，那么你就不得不把所有的咒骂、坏话和暗地里的厌恶憋在心里。
TEXT A

译文

因特网是建立在信息共享和讨论的基础上的。如果你在某个领域有经验
或技能，把它们写下来并回答别人的问题。通过为他人提供有价值的资源，
你可以使网络成为更有用的服务。
TEXT A

译文

不管你写的东西给谁看，你都应该努力让自己显得睿智些，但也不要对
每件事都太较真。时不时地引人发笑能使你写的东西绝对充满活力。人们就
是喜欢好的写作，所以你尽力写吧。
TEXT A

译文

“ 网络新手”
很高兴我们这些网络精英们为那些不讨人喜欢的网络新用户创造了一个
全新的词，不是吗？网络新手就是指那些刚刚闯入互联网世界的可怜的小家
伙。如果你稍有经验，就可以在一英里外发现他们，因为你能记得自己当初
菜鸟的感觉。如果你接触到网络新手，试着帮他们一把。因为如果反过来，
你是新手，你会感激别人对你的帮助。在充满危险变数的网络游戏世界里，
憎恨新手的人最为猖獗，因此，如果你能在这方面做个乐于助人的人，那会
很有帮助。
TEXT A

译文

打字
每个人都应该了解关于打字方面的第一规则：用大写字母打字会让人觉
得你在大喊大叫。你经常会听到有人要求别人“停止使用大写字母”，而且
理由很充分。大喊大叫让你看起来像个白痴。请不要以大写字母的形式连续
输入多个单词。如果你想强调某件事，可以选择使用丰富的超文本标记语言。
如果一时无法使用它们，也可以在文本前后加上一些星号，总有替代办法。
TEXT A

译文

打字错误和语法错误在很大程度上是不可避免的。在为网站写作时，应
始终使用拼写检查工具杜绝这些失误。如果可能的话，应该使用人工来检查
拼写检查工具没能查出的任何差错。没有理由发送一篇写得糟糕的网文，因
为它会浪费人们宝贵的在线时间。在聊天室的交锋中，因为必须尽可能快地
发出反击的话，你并不总能在错误发生之前就发现它们。但是你应该在点击
“发送”之前，快速地检查一遍你的信息。
TEXT A

译文

如果其他人犯了一个拼写错误，虽然不可否认这很让人讨厌，但你应该
避免指出他们的错误。这一点都不好笑。如果可能的话，请通过私人电子邮
件帮助某个真的急需点拨的人，但请不要攻击其每个愚蠢行为。你会让人厌
烦的。
TEXT A

译文

总而言之，像在任何公共论坛或文化中一样，网络上这些年以来也已经
形成了一系列规则来约束大家的讨论。坚持遵循它们可以确保你每次上网时
都不会有不必要的麻烦。
 IV. Reading in Depth

【答案详解】
1. 空格要填写的单词是修饰前面的动词 behaving ，因此判断此处填副词，而副词只有 properly 可选。
2. 由空格前的 be 动词 are 可以排除所有动词原形，另外，由上下文可以猜测语义为“与他人互动交流”，因此选择
interacting 。
3. 由空格前的 should be 可以判断空格处填写动词的过去分词或者形容词。因为过去分词只有 misunderstood ，语义不符合，
sensible （明智的）语义不符合，只有 sensitive （敏感的）语义恰当。
4. 根据空格前后的单词先判断答案为形容词，再根据上下文，此处 cultural （文化的）符合要求。
5. 由空格后的 or misinterpreted 判断答案为动词过去分词，因此选 misunderstood 。
6. 由空格后的 or aggressive 判断答案为形容词且是负面的意思，因此选 impolite 。
7. 由空格前后的词判断答案应该为形容词，选择 respectful （向他人表示尊敬）比较符合语义，而 respectable （可以得到尊
敬的）意思不符合。
8. 由空格前的 attacking or 判断答案应该为 -ing 形式的词，结合上下文，选择 insulting 。
9. 由空格前面的 cause hurt feelings and 判断答案是动词原形，结合上下文， decrease （降低）合适， increase （增加）不符
合语境。
10. 由空格前面的 use good grammar and spelling, and 判断答案为动词原形，结合语义选项 avoid 合适， try 意思正好相反。
TEXT B

译文

没礼貌的当今社会
最近，我被当今社会人们的种种完全没有礼貌的行为弄得晕头转向。在
我周围充斥着粗鲁的人，他们对周围人的安全、关心和尊重毫不在意，这让
我质疑他们的教养。我越环顾这个世界，我就觉得他们只在意一件事：他们
自己。
TEXT B

译文

我想提醒人们一些非常基本的礼仪。我觉得文明已经被遗忘，而这会造
成衰败。如果人们对彼此缺乏礼貌和爱，这个世界会变得越来越黑暗。以下
是一些最会被遗忘的礼仪，需要重新引入当今社会，以改善社区生活。
TEXT B

译文

说“请”和“谢谢”
我觉得这是我小时候学的第一套礼仪，然而，今天它们却成了最被忽略
的礼仪！我在学校餐厅的各个地方听同学们点餐时都没有说“请”或是“谢
谢你”。说实话，这让我想拍打他们的脑袋！你的父母忘了教你尊重的核心
礼仪吗？这可能是餐厅服务人员的“工作”，取来你所点的食物；然而，他
们不一定要及时为你服务。你可以不说“请”去点一份农场色拉，他们可能
需要 15 分钟——但是如果你点一份农场色拉时说“请”，服务员就可能更快
地把色拉端来。
TEXT B

译文

说“请”和“谢谢”这两个词不费吹灰之力，而且显得更有礼貌。你表
示尊重的那个人和你一样是人，因此，他们应该像你一样被礼貌对待。
TEXT B

译文

为别人扶住门
我的父母教我，你要为任何（走在你身后的）人扶住门——不管他们是
谁：黑人或白人、（头发是）紫色或绿色、男性或女性、年轻人、老人还是
小孩、你爱的人或讨厌的人。不管怎样，你都要尊重别人，帮别人扶住门，
就这样。
TEXT B

译文

如今，我发现很少有人为我扶住门。我是一个女性。我确实喜欢一些现
代女权主义者的思想——然而，这不包括为身后的人扶住门。如果你看到我
过来，帮我把门扶住。我不管你是男是女，扶住门。我知道我有胳膊，但你
也有——这叫尊重。
TEXT B

译文

用眼神交流
也许只是我这样想，但比堵车更容易让我恼火的事情是，有人在交谈时
没有和我眼神交流。眼神交流是任何良好交谈的关键。它让与你交流的人知
道你对他们说的话感兴趣，而且你珍视他们的时间。因此，当你和某人交谈
时，看着他们的眼睛，让他们知道你珍惜他们的时间和他们要说的话。
TEXT B

译文

等着轮到你
就像我之前说的，我知道大家生活很忙。我只想和大家阐明一件事。你
的生活很忙，但其他人的生活也很忙。我生活中有些事情需要紧急处理，我
知道你也一样。生活就是等待。耐心是一种美德，或者有人这么说。你等着
上学。你等着毕业。你等着结婚生子。你等着退休。等待。就是在等待中，
你发现生活正在进行，你的生命是值得的。
TEXT B

译文

对彼此的基本尊重
我不知道是不是只有我这样觉得，还是一直都是这样，但我觉得人们对
彼此的粗鲁程度已经从一级上升到了威胁级别。从什么时候开始，每个人都
可以议论彼此了？从什么时候开始，人们可以互相利用去爬到社会阶梯的顶
端了？什么时候人类怜悯的基本本能离开了我们每个人的心，我们都变得如
此自私？我知道，你可能会认为这些不是礼貌，但它们确实是。礼貌的定义
是一个人对另一个人的行为方式。那么，我们理想的礼貌标准是什么时候变
成了无知？
TEXT B

译文

适当的餐桌礼仪
如果你现在还不懂适当的餐桌礼仪，那我就得想想你是怎么长大的。你
真的是原始人吗？我要简单明了地说，因为这些是无需争辩的事。
TEXT B

译文

不要张嘴嚼东西；手肘不要放在桌子上；不要把手伸到别人的盘子前面；
嘴里塞满东西时不要说话；离开餐桌时要打招呼；无论何时，都不要（当
众）放屁，不要发出啧啧的声音。
TEXT B

译文

如果你对这些餐桌礼仪有疑问，可以问你的爷爷奶奶。我保证他们会教
你一些礼仪，因为我的爷爷奶奶就这样教过我。
TEXT B

译文

虽然我们可以讨论成千上万种礼仪，但我觉得这些在当今社会是最重要
的。没有礼貌和尊重，这个世界就什么都没有。我们都必须再次学会互相尊
重的艺术，以便能够再次和谐相处。
 I. Reading Comprehension

Teaching tips:
1. Paragraph 7 has the sentences: “Eye contact is key to any good conversation. It
allows the person you are communicating with to know that you are interested in
what they have to say and that you value their time.”
2. Paragraph 2 has the sentence: “Without manners and love for one another, this
world will get darker and darker.” And Paragraph 13 has the sentence: “Without
manners and respect, this world has nothing.”
3. Having patience, for example, waiting your turn is an example of good manners.
4. You can find many ways of showing respect from the text.
5. You can find the answer from the last sentence of Paragraph 1.
 I. Reading

Cultural background
Liji (The Book of Rites) is one of the Five Classics of the Confucian canon, which had
significant influence on Chinese history and culture. The book was rewritten and edited by the
disciples of Confucius and their students after the “Burning of the Books” during the rule of
Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, around 213 BC. The work describes the social
forms, governmental system, and ceremonial rites of the Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BC). Li
literally means “rites” , but it also can be used to refer to “ceremonial” or “rules of conduct” ,
traditional forms that provided a standard of conduct. The ideas of Li became closely
associated with human nature, ethics and social order as the people integrated these ideas into
their lives. The work contains decrees and institutions, rules and regulations and rituals and
etiquettes.
 《华时代大学英语综合教程学生用书 2 》
College English in the Chinese Era: Comprehensive Course Book 2

Thank you !