DIGITAL TWIN

TECHNOLOGY

MUHAMMED SAEED.M
REG NO: 20131386
S5 COMPUTER ENGINEERING
GOVT POLY TECHNIC COLLEGE NEDUMANGAD
What is digital twins?

• A digital twin is a virtual representation of a real-world physical

system or product (a physical twin) that serves as the
indistinguishable digital counterpart of it for practical purposes, such
as system simulation, integration, testing, monitoring, and
maintenance.
 History of digital twin

Digital twins were anticipated by David Gelernter's 1991 book Mirror Worlds.
The concept and model of the digital twin was first publicly introduced in 2002 by Michael
Grieves, at a Society of Manufacturing Engineers conference in Troy, Michigan.
Grieves proposed the digital twin as the conceptual model underlying product lifecycle
management (PLM).


An Early Digital Twin Concept by Grieves and Vickers
The digital twin concept, which has been known by different names (e.g., virtual twin), was
subsequently called the "digital twin" by John Vickers of NASA in a 2010 Roadmap Report.[1
The digital twin concept consists of three distinct parts: the physical object or process and
its physical environment, the digital representation of the object or process, and the
communication channel between the physical and virtual representations. The connections
between the physical version and the digital version include information flows and data that
includes physical sensor flows between the physical and virtual objects and environments.
The communication connection is referred to as the digital thread.
TYPES OF DIGITAL TWINS

There are various types of digital twins depending on the level of
product magnification. The biggest difference between these twins is
the area of application.
It is common to have different types of digital twins co-exist within a
system or process. Let’s go through the types of digital twins to learn
the differences and how they are applied.
THE TYPES
• COMPONENT TWINS/PARTS TWINS
• ASSET TWINS
• PROCESS TWINS
• SYSTEM OR UNIT TWIN
COMPONENT TWINS/PARTS TWINS

• Component twins are the basic unit of digital twin, the smallest
example of a functioning component. Parts twins are roughly the
same thing, but pertain to components of slightly less importance.
ASSET TWINS

• When two or more components work together, they form what is

known as an asset. Asset twins let you study the interaction of those
components, creating a wealth of performance data that can be
processed and then turned into actionable insights.
SYSTEM OR UNIT TWIN

The next level of magnification involves system or unit twins, which
enable you to see how different assets come together to form an
entire functioning system. System twins provide visibility regarding
the interaction of assets, and may suggest performance
enhancements.
PROCESS TWINS

• Process twins, the macro level of magnification, reveal how systems

work together to create an entire production facility. Are those
systems all synchronized to operate at peak efficiency, or will delays in
one system affect others? Process twins can help determine the
precise timing schemes that ultimately influence overall effectiveness.
HOW IT WORKS

• A digital twin uses data from connected sensors to tell the story of an
asset all the way through its life-cycle. From testing to use in the real
world. With IoT data, we can measure specific indicators of asset
health and performance, like temperature and humidity, for example.

Digital twin technology is an image connected to a physical object by a steady
stream of data flowing from sensors, and reflecting the real-time status of the thing.

The data flow stream—connecting the physical and the digital—is called a digital
thread. In some implementations, the it not only reflects the current state and but
also stores the historical digital thread profile of the object.

This can combine the best of both worlds by presenting to decision-makers, in real
time, the data in an exact visual replica, including information previously not
available as easily, such as temperature or internal wear and tear.

This enhances the efficiency of the optical bandwidth by removing non-critical
information, processing basic information into a format much more easily
absorbable, and providing a more flexible (360-degree or micro/macro) view of the
system.
ADVANTAGES AND BENEFITS OF
DIGITAL TWINS

Better R&D(Research and development)
The use of digital twins enables more effective research and design of
products, with an abundance of data created about likely performance
outcomes. That information can lead to insights that help companies
make needed product refinements before starting production.
• Greater efficiency
Even after a new product has gone into production, digital twins can
help mirror and monitor production systems, with an eye to achieving
and maintaining peak efficiency throughout the entire manufacturing
process.

Product end-of-life
Digital twins can even help manufacturers decide what to do with
products that reach the end of their product lifecycle and need to
receive final processing, through recycling or other measures. By using
digital twins, they can determine which product materials can be
harvested.
BENEFITS FROM THE USE OF DIGITAL MODELS


Physically large projects Buildings, bridges and other complex
structures bound by strict rules of engineering.

Mechanically complex projects Jet turbines, auto mobiles and
aircraft. Digital twins can help improve efficiency within complicated
machinery and mammoth engines.

Power equipment This includes both the mechanisms for generating
power and transmitting it.

Manufacturing projects Digital twins excel at helping streamline
process efficiency, as you would find in industrial environments with
co-functioning machine systems.
APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL TWINS
APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL TWINS

• Power-generation equipment
• Large engines — including jet
engines, locomotive engines and
power-generation turbines —
benefit tremendously from the
use of digital twins, especially for
helping to establish time frames
for regularly needed
maintenance.
Digital twin of a wind turbine
Digital twin of a car
working of a Digital twin of a car
• Manufacturing operations
Since digital twins are meant to
mirror a product’s entire lifecycle,
it’s not surprising that digital twins
have become ubiquitous in all
stages of manufacturing, guiding
products from design to finished
product, and all steps in between.
• Structures and their systems
• Big physical structures, such as
large buildings or offshore drilling
platforms, can be improved
through digital twins, particularly
during their design. Also useful in
designing the systems operating
within those structures, such as
HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and
air conditioning systems).
Digital twin of a building
DIGITAL TWIN SAVES LIFES

Healthcare services

Just as products can be profiled
through the use of digital twins,
so can patients receiving
healthcare services. The same
type system of sensor-generated
data can be used to track a
variety of health indicators and
generate key insights.

Automotive industry
Cars represent many types of
complex, co-functioning systems,
and digital twins are used
extensively in auto design, both
to improve vehicle performance
and increase the efficiency
surrounding their production.
• Urban planning
Civil engineers and others involved
in urban planning activities are
aided significantly by the use of
digital twins, which can show 3D
and 4D spatial data in real time
and also incorporate augmented
reality systems into built
environments.
DIGITAL TWIN MARKET AND
INDUSTRIES

While digital twins are prized for what they offer, their use isn’t
warranted for every manufacturer or every product created. Not
every object is complex enough to need the intense and regular flow
of sensor data that digital twins require. Nor is it always worth it
from a financial standpoint to invest significant resources in the
creation of a digital twin. (Keep in mind that a digital twin is an exact
replica of a physical object, which could make its creation costly.)
DIGITAL TWIN MARKET
• The rapidly expanding digital twin market indicates that while digital
twins are already in use across many industries, the demand for
digital twins will continue to escalate for some time. In 2020, the
digital twin market was valued at USD 3.1 billion. Some industry
analysts speculate it could continue to rise sharply until at least 2026,
climbing to an estimated USD 48.2 billion1.
 THANK YOU

video about digital twin by

global research centre SOURCE:IBM