The document discusses the evolution of programming languages from early generations to modern generations. It begins with Ada Lovelace writing the first computer program in 1883. It then discusses the emergence of assembly language in 1949, FORTRAN in 1957 for scientific computing, COBOL in 1959 for business applications, and C in 1972 which became the most popular language. The document categorizes programming language generations from low-level machine languages and assembly languages to high-level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, C++ to very high-level languages and artificial intelligence languages.
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Lesson 1 - The Evolution of Programming Language
The document discusses the evolution of programming languages from early generations to modern generations. It begins with Ada Lovelace writing the first computer program in 1883. It then discusses the emergence of assembly language in 1949, FORTRAN in 1957 for scientific computing, COBOL in 1959 for business applications, and C in 1972 which became the most popular language. The document categorizes programming language generations from low-level machine languages and assembly languages to high-level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, C++ to very high-level languages and artificial intelligence languages.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1 – The Evolution
of Programming Language Mr. Kevin Christian S. Tupas The Evolution of Programming Languages What is a programming language
• Programming Language is indeed the fundamental unit of today’s
tech world. It is considered as the set of commands and instructions that we give to the machines to perform a particular task. • In the computer world, we have about 500+ programming languages with having their own syntax and features. And if you type who’s the father of the computer, then the search engine will show you the result as to Charles Babbage but the father of the computer didn’t write the first code. It was Ada Lovelace who has written the first-ever computer programming language and the year was 1883. 1883: The Journey starts from here…!!
• In the early days, Charles Babbage had
made the device, but he was confused about how to give instructions to the machine, and then Ada Lovelace wrote the instructions for the analytical engine. • The device was made by Charles Babbage and the code was written by Ada Lovelace for computing Bernoulli’s number. • First time in history that the capability of computer devices was judged. 1949: Assembly Language
• It is a type of low-level language.
• It mainly consists of instructions (kind of symbols) that only machines could understand. • In today’s time also assembly language is used in real-time programs such as simulation flight navigation systems and medical equipment e.g. – Fly-by-wire (FBW) systems. • It is also used to create computer viruses. • Developed by Alick Glennie. • The first compiled computer programming language. • COBOL and FORTRAN are the languages referred to as Autocode. 1957: FORTRAN
• Developers are John Backus
and IBM. • It was designed for numeric computation and scientific computing. • Software for NASA probes voyager-1 (space probe) and voyager-2 (space probe) was originally written in FORTRAN 5. 1958: ALGOL
• ALGOL stands for ALGOrithmic Language.
• The initial phase of the most popular programming languages of C, C++, and JAVA. • It was also the first language implementing the nested function and has a simple syntax than FORTRAN. • The first programming language to have a code block like “begin” that indicates that your program has started and “end” means you have ended your code. 1959: COBOL
• It stands for COmmon Business-Oriented Language.
• In 1997, 80% of the world’s business ran on Cobol. • The US internal revenue service scrambled its path to COBOL- based IMF (individual master file) in order to pay the tens of millions of payments mandated by the coronavirus aid, relief, and economic security. 1964: BASIC
• It stands for beginners’ All-
purpose symbolic instruction code. • In 1991 Microsoft released Visual Basic, an updated version of Basic • The first microcomputer version of Basic was co-written by Bill Gates, Paul Allen, and Monte Davidoff for their newly-formed company, Microsoft. 1972: C
• It is a general-purpose, procedural programming language and the most
popular programming language till now. • All the code that was previously written in assembly language gets replaced by the C language like operating system, kernel, and many other applications. • It can be used in implementing an operating system, embedded system, and also on the website using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). • C is the mother of almost all higher-level programming languages like C#, D, Go, Java, JavaScript, Limbo, LPC, Perl, PHP, Python, and Unix’s C shell. Generations of programming language • Programming languages have been developed over the year in a phased manner. Each phase of developed has made the programming language more user-friendly, easier to use and more powerful. Each phase of improved made in the development of the programming languages can be referred to as a generation. The programming language in terms of their performance reliability and robustness can be grouped into five different generations, First Generation Language (Machine language) First Generation Language (Machine language)
• The first-generation programming language is also called low-level
programming language because they were used to program the computer system at a very low level of abstraction. i.e., at the machine level. The machine language also referred to as the native language of the computer system is the first-generation programming language. In the machine language, a programmer only deals with a binary number. First Generation Language (Machine language) Advantages of first-generation language
• They are translation free and can be directly executed by the
computers. • The programs written in these languages are executed very speedily and efficiently by the CPU of the computer system. • The programs written in these languages utilize the memory in an efficient manner because it is possible to keep track of each bit of data. Second Generation language (Assembly Language) Second Generation language (Assembly Language)
• The second-generation programming language also belongs to the
category of low-level- programming language. The second- generation language comprises assembly languages that use the concept of mnemonics for the writing program. In the assembly language, symbolic names are used to represent the opcode and the operand part of the instruction. Second Generation language (Assembly Language) Advantages of second-generation language
• It is easy to develop understand and modify the program
developed in these languages are compared to those developed in the first-generation programming language. • The programs written in these languages are less prone to errors and therefore can be maintained with a great case. Third Generation languages (High-Level Languages) Third Generation languages (High-Level Languages)
• The third-generation programming languages were designed to
overcome the various limitations of the first- and second- generation programming languages. The languages of the third and later generation are considered as a high-level language because they enable the programmer to concentrate only on the logic of the programs without considering the internal architecture of the computer system. Third Generation languages (High-Level Languages) Advantages of third generation programming language
• It is easy to develop, learn and understand the program.
• As the program written in these languages are less prone to errors, they are easy to maintain. • The program written in these languages can be developed in very less time as compared to the first- and second-generation language.
Examples: FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, C++, C
Fourth generation language (Very High-level Languages) Fourth generation language (Very High-level Languages)
• The languages of this generation were considered as very high-
level programming languages required a lot of time and effort that affected the productivity of a programmer. The fourth-generation programming languages were designed and developed to reduce the time, cost and effort needed to develop different types of software applications. Fourth generation language (Very High-level Languages) • These programming languages allow the efficient use of data by implementing the various database. • They require less time, cost and effort to develop different types of software applications. • The program developed in these languages are highly portable as compared to the programs developed in the languages of other generation.
Examples: SOL, CSS, ColdFusion
Fifth generation language (Artificial Intelligence Language) Fifth generation language (Artificial Intelligence Language)
• The programming languages of this generation mainly focus on
constraint programming. The major fields in which the fifth- generation programming language are employed are Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks • These languages can be used to query the database in a fast and efficient manner. • In this generation of language, the user can communicate with the computer system in a simple and an easy manner.