Chapter 2

Computer
Hardware
Company
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 Objectives

1) Identify the major components of a computer system.

2) List and describe different types of input devices.
3) List and describe different types of output devices.
4) Describe the main types of secondary storage.
 2.1 Input Devices
What is input?
 Input is any data and instructions
entered into the memory of a program.
Data Instructions

• A collection of • Instructions can be in

unprocessed items, the form of software
including text, (programs and
numbers, images, apps), commands,
audio, and video and user responses.
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What is input device?
 Any hardware components that allow you
to enter data or instruction into a
computer.
2.2 What are Input Devices?
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Keyboard

It is an input device that contains keys you press
to enter data and instructions into a computer or
mobile device.

Nearly all keyboards have a typing area, function
keys, toggle keys, and navigation keys.
 2.2 What are Input Devices?

 Pointing Devices

Enable you to select text,
graphics, and other
objects, such as buttons,
icons, links, and menu
commands.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Pointing Devices - Mouse

 A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the
palm of your hand comfortably.
 A mouse controls a pointer that is displayed on the
monitor.

Example: Optical mouse, laser mouse, touch
mouse
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Pointing Devices - Touchpad

 A touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device
that is sensitive to pressure and motion.
 To move the pointer using a touchpad, slide your fingertip
across the surface of the pad.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Pointing Devices - Trackball


A trackball is a stationary pointing device with a
ball on its top or side.
 The ball in most trackballs is about the size of a
Ping-Pong ball.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Touch Screens

A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display.
 A touch screen allows users to select actions or
commands by touching the screen with a finger or pen-like
device.
 Touch screens are convenient because they do not require
a separate device for input.

Smartphones and tablets, and many laptops and all-in-
ones offer touch screens.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Pen Input

With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen
on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections.
Stylus Digital pen
A stylus is a small metal or A digital pen, which is slightly larger than a stylus
plastic device that looks like a that captures and converts a user’s handwriting or
tiny ink pen but uses pressure drawings into a digital format to a computer.
instead of ink. Some require the user to write or draw on special
A stylus interacts with paper or a tablet; others can write or draw on any
the computer through surface.
handwriting recognition
software - translates
handwritten notes into a form
that the system unit can
process.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Motion, Voice, and Video Input

 Motion Input
 With motion input, sometimes called gesture
recognition, users can guide on-screen elements using
air gestures by moving your body or a handheld input
device through the air.
 For example, gamers moves controller to simulate a
golf swing.
 2.2 What are Input Devices?

 Motion, Voice, and Video Input

 Voice and Audio Input
 Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking
into a microphone.
 Uses of voice input include Internet messaging that
supports voice conversations, chat rooms that support
voice chats, video calls, videoconferencing.
 Audio input is the process of entering speech, music,
and sound effects into the computer.
 Users record live music and other sound effects into a
computer by connecting external music devices, such as
an electronic keyboard, guitar, drums, harmonica, and
microphones, to a computer
 2.2 What are Input Devices?

 Motion, Voice, and Video Input

 Video Input
 Video input is the process of capturing full-motion
images and storing them on storage medium, such as a
hard disk or optical disc.
 A digital video (DV) camera records video as digital
signals, which you can transfer directly to a computer or
mobile device with the appropriate connection.
 2.2 What are Input Devices?

 Motion, Voice, and Video Input

 Video Input
 A webcam enables users to capture video and still
images. Webcams are usually attach to the top of a
desktop monitor.
 Many laptops, tablets, and smartphones have built-in
webcams.
 2.2 What are Input Devices?

 Motion, Voice, and Video Input

 A videoconference is
a meeting between two
or more geographically
separated people who
use a network or the
Internet to transmit
audio and video data.
 2.2 What are Input Devices?

 Motion, Voice, and Video Input


What is the purpose of a videoconference
versus a video call?
 To participate in a videoconference using a computer,
you need videoconferencing software or access to a
videoconferencing web app, along with a microphone,
speakers, and a video camera attached to or built into a
computer.
 As you speak, members of the meeting hear your voice
on their speakers. Any image in front of the video
camera, such as a person’s face, appears in a window on
each participant’s screen.
 2.2 What are Input Devices?

 Game Controllers/Devices
 With a game console or computer video game,
players direct movements and actions of on-
screen objects via a controller, voice, or air
gestures.

Game controllers include:

Gamepads Joysticks Dance pads Motion-sensing

and Wheels controller
 Example

 Gamepads
 Example

 Joysticks and Wheels

 Example

 Dance pads

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 Example

 Motion-sensing controller

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 Other Examples

 Light guns

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 Other Examples

 Balance board

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 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 Input devices save users time by capturing data
directly from a source document, which is the
original form of the data.
It can copy things onto
computers then you can
alter the things you
copied

Reduce the amount of

paper used and therefore
are an environmentally
friendly 
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 Optical Scanners
 Usually called a scanner, is a light-sensing input
device that reads printed text and graphics and
then translates the results into a form the
computer can process.

Optical Readers
 A device that uses a light source to read
characters, marks, and codes and then converts
them into digital data that a computer can process.
 Two technologies used by optical readers are
optical character recognition (OCR) and optical
mark recognition (OMR).
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 Optical Readers - optical character recognition
(OCR) devices
 OCR devices include a small optical scanner for
reading characters and sophisticated software to
analyze what is read.
 OCR devices read printed
characters in a special font.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 Optical Readers - optical mark recognition
(OMR) devices
 OMR devices read hand-drawn marks, such as small
circles or rectangles.
 A person places these marks on a form, such as a test,
survey, or questionnaire answer sheet.
Less manpower is
needed to mark
students’ test papers
Fast and easy to get
the test results
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 Bar Code Readers
 Also called a bar code scanner, uses laser beams to
read bar codes.
 The bar code represents data that identifies the
manufacturer and the item.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?
 Scanners and Reading Device
 QR Code
 A QR code (quick response code) is known as a 2-D
bar code because it stores information in both a
vertical and horizontal direction.
 Information stored such as web address, contacts or
phone numbers.
 QR codes can be read with a QR bar code reader or
a QR code reader app on a smartphone or other
mobile device.

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 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Readers
 RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that
uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in
or attached to an object, an animal, or a person.
 RFID tags, which contain a memory chip and an
antenna, are available in many shapes and sizes.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Readers
 An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio
waves.
 RFID readers can be handheld devices or mounted in a
stationary object, such as a doorway.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices


Magstripe Readers
 Short for magnetic stripe card
reader, reads the magnetic stripe
on the back of credit cards,
entertainment cards, bank cards,
identification cards, and other
similar cards.
 The stripe contains information
identifying you and the card issuer.
Some information stored in the
stripe may include your name,
account number, the card’s
expiration date, and a country code.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices

 Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition Reader
(MICR)
 Read text printed with magnetized ink. An MICR reader
converts MICR characters into a form the computer can
process.
 The banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR for
check processing. Each check in your checkbook has
precoded MICR characters beginning at the lower-left
edge.
 2.1 What are Input Devices?

 Scanners and Reading Devices


Data Collection Devices
 Obtains data directly at the
location where the transaction or
event takes place.
 For example, factories and retail
stores use data collection
devices to take inventory and
order products.
 2.2 What is Output?
 Output is data that has been processed into a
useful form.

Input Output
Data Information

Process
 Four basic types of output: text, graphics,
audio, and video.
 2.2 What are Output Devices

What is output device?

 Any hardware components that convey
information to one or more people.
 E.g. monitors, printers, speaker/headset,
e-book, projector

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 2.2 What are Output Devices

 Display Devices
 Display is an output devices that visually convey text,
graphics, and video information.

Information on a display exists electronically and
appears for a temporary period is often called soft
copy.

Desktops often use a monitor as their display.
 2.2 What are Output Devices

 Printer

Output device that produces text and
graphics on a physical medium such as
paper.
 Printed information (hard copy) exists
physically and is more permanent form of
output than presented on a display (soft
copy).
 2.2 What are Output Devices

 Printer

Ink-Jet Printer forms characters and graphics
by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a
piece of paper.
 Laser printers print text and graphics in high-
quality resolutions and faster speeds than ink-
jet printers.
 2.2 What are Output Devices

 Speakers

Many users attach surround sound speakers or
speaker systems to their computers, game
consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-
quality sounds for playing games, interacting with
multimedia presentations, listening to music, and
viewing movies.
 2.2 What are Output Devices

 Headphones and Earbuds


Headphones cover or are placed outside of
the ear, whereas earbuds rest inside the ear
canal.
 2.2 What are Output Devices

 Data Projectors

Projects the text and images on a larger screen
so that an audience can see the image clearly.

 Interactive Whiteboards

Touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase
board, that displays the image on a connected
computer screen, usually via a projector.
 2.3 Secondary Storage
What is storage?
 Storage holds the data, instruction, and information
permanently for future use.
What is storage medium?
 It is the physical material on which a computer
keeps data, instructions, and information.
 E.g. Floppy disk, hard disks, CDs and DVDs
What is storage device?
 It is the computer hardware that records/retrieves
items to and from storage media.
 E.g. Floppy disk drive, CD-ROM drive
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 2.3 Secondary Storage
 Hard drive, refers collectively to hard disks and
SSDs.

Also known as hard disk drive or hard drive.

Is a device that store data, instructions and
information magnetically.

 An SSD (solid-state drive) is a flash memory

storage device that contains its own processor
to manage its storage.

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 2.3 Secondary Storage

 Memory Card

Removable flash memory storage device that
insert in and remove from a slot in a computer,
mobile device, or card reader/writer.

 USB Flash Drive


Also known as thumb drive, is a flash memory
storage device that plugs in a USB port on a
computer.

Convenient for mobile users because they are
small and lightweight.
 2.3 Secondary Storage

 Cloud Storage

An Internet service that provides storage to
computer or mobile device users.

 Optical Discs
 It is a type of storage media that consists of a
flat, round, portable disc made of metal,
plastic and lacquer that is written and read by
a laser.
 2.3 Secondary Storage

 Optical Discs

CDs and DVDs are available in three basic
formats: read-only, recordable and rewritable.

CD-ROM (Read-Only Memory) and DVD-
ROM – users can read but not write on
(record) or erase.

CD-R (Recordable) and DVD-R – users can
write once, but not erase.
 CD-R is a multisession optical disc, which means,
you can write on one part of the disc at one time
and another part at a later time.
 2.3 Secondary Storage
 Optical Discs

CD-RW (Rewritable) and DVD-RW – is an
erasable multisession disc users can write on
multiple times.
 Magnetic Tape

Magnetically coated ribbon capable of storing
large amount of data at low cost.
 2.3 Secondary Storage

 Smart Cards

Similar size as ATM card, store data on an
integrated circuit embedded in the card.
The End..

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