Intro To PHP

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 NAME : SAMAN
 ROLL NO : 10
 SESSION : Mphil 2022-2024
 PROGRAM: Mphil Pharmacy Practice
 SUBMITTED TO : DR. SAEED UR RASHEED
 SUBMITTED BY : SAMAN ( Roll No:10 )
PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACY
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH
PHARMACY
I. BASIC CONCEPTS
3 II. ROLE OF PHARMACIST AS A PUBLIC HEALTH CUSTODIAN
III. OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGES IN PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH
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 DEFINITION :
Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities.
 INTRODUCTION :
public health professionals are concerned with protecting the health of entire populations. These populations can
be as small as a local neighborhood, or as big as an entire country.
The study of public health is comprised of the following core areas:
1. Environmental Health
2. Biostatistics
3. Behavioral Science/Health Education
4. Epidemiology
5. Maternal and child health
6. Nutrition
7. Public health laboratory practice
PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALITY AREAS :
5  Environmental Health :
"The air we breathe; the water we drink; the complex interactions between human genetics and our
surroundings.“
 Constructed and natural environments influence our health, and public health professionals ask how we
reduce these risk factors?
 Environmental risk factors are associated with causing diseases such as asthma, cancer, and food poisoning.
 Chemistry, toxicology, and engineering specialists have combined their expertise to look for answers to
questions concerning public health.
 Environmental health is broad in scope and so it is often broken down into smaller areas of concern that can
be addressed across or within organizations.
 These areas are:
i. Air quality
ii. Food protection
iii. Radiation protection
iv. Solid waste management
v. Hazardous waste management
6 vi. Water quality
vii. Noise control
Viii. Environmental control
 Biostatistics:
"Estimating the number of deaths from gun violence or looking at trends in drunken driving injuries by using
math and science is the study of biostatistics.“
 Biostatistics is used to identify trends in disease outbreaks, or outcomes that may lead to lifesaving
measures.
 Statistical procedures are often used to create graphs and tables that allow for inferences to be made across
populations and geographical areas to determine whether a disease has been introduced or become prevalent.
 Biostatistics is integral to determining trends in disease and prevention measure outcomes.
 Epidemiologists use biostatistics to report findings, and discuss evidence.
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 Behavioral Science/Health Education:
"Stopping the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, such as herpes and HIV/AIDS; helping youth recognize
8 the dangers of binge drinking; and promoting seatbelt use.“
 Epidemiology:
"When food poisoning or an influenza outbreak attacks a community, the disease detectives or epidemiologists
are asked to investigate the cause of disease and control its spread.“
 Epidemiologists determine what causes a disease or spike in injuries across a population.

These public health specialists ask question like what the risk is about, who is at risk, and how to prevent
accidents and injuries. They study demographic and social trends that influence disease and injury.
9  These public health professionals may evaluate new treatments for injury or prevention of disease outbreak.
 Maternal and Child Health:

"Providing information and access to birth control; promoting the health of a pregnant woman and an unborn
child; and dispensing vaccinations to children are part of maternal and child health.”
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 Public Health Laboratory Practice :

Professionals who work in laboratories such as "bacteriologists, microbiologists, and biochemists test biological
and environmental samples in order to diagnose, prevent, treat, and control infectious diseases in communities.“
 Nutrition:
"Promoting healthy eating and regular exercise; researching the effect of diet on the elderly; teaching the
11 dangers of overeating and overdieting are the responsibilities of public health nutritionists.“
 Public Health Policy:

"Analyzing the impact of seat belt laws on traffic deaths; monitoring legislative activity on a bill that limits
malpractice settlements; advocating for funding for a teen antismoking campaign."
PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE
"Public health is an interdisciplinary field and professionals in many disciplines such as nursing, medicine,
12 veterinary medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy routinely deal with public health issues. A degree in public health
practice enables clinicians to apply public health principles to improve their practice.“
 Association of Schools of Public Health:

 This organization promotes faculty and administration in schools of public health to advance the
education and research of public health.
 The association web site (www.asph.org) is an excellent source of information about public
health and public health education.
 World Health Organization:
 World Health Organization (WHO) is a component of the United Nations (UN).
 The WHO is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the global
health research agenda, setting norms and standards for health and disease prevention, providing
technical support to countries, and monitoring and assessing health trends.
 The WHO web site (www.who.int/en/) is a source of information on global health and an
excellent resource for data and statistics on international health topics.
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
13  It was founded as the Communicable Disease Center on July 1, 1946, in Atlanta Georgia.
 The CDC promotes vaccination schedules for children and adults, provides information for
travelers.
 Food and Drug Administration:

"The FDA is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security
of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation's food supply,
cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. The FDA is also responsible for advancing the public
health by helping to speed innovations that make medicines and foods more effective, safer, and
more affordable; and helping the public get the accurate, sciencebased information they need to use
medicines and foods to improve their health.“
 Public Health Education In The Pharmacy Curriculum:
14 The background offered by the Master of Public Health (MPH) degree provides coursework and
practicum's that will help develop skills in the public health Arena.
 Epidemiology:
Core functions of the discipline can be categorized into five areas:
1. Exploring the existence or occurrence of an exposure or a disease within a group or population.
2. Conducting disease surveillance and recognizing potential disease epidemics.
3. Describing if differences exist in the occurrence of exposure and/or disease in subgroups of the
same population or different populations.
4. Identifying and then quantifying the effect of the causation of disease.
5. Testing interventions that may aid in disease identification or mitigation in a population.
 Environmental Health:
15  Understanding environmental health has grown in importance with the recent focus on emergency
preparedness and response.
 Nationwide, many pharmacists are engaged in preparing and responding to a natural or terrorist induced
disaster.
 The principles of exposure, risk assessment, and toxicology are important to active engagement by
pharmacists on the emergency preparedness team.
 Behavioral Health:
 A pharmacist's involvement in mental health is a major asset to public health.
 From the traditional role played in medication and adherence management to providing information on
mental illness to patients and caregivers
 Pharmacists through their community involvement are equipped to play a significant role in community
awareness of mental illness and the treatment involved.
 Cultural Competence:
16  Healthcare professionals will practice in diverse
communities and interact with patients and caregivers,
whose life experiences may differ greatly from the provider.
 An understanding of the differences among cultures,
religious groups, and individuals is critical to the delivery
of appropriate and understood patient care.
The National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC) web site descriptions of the critical factors in the
provision of culturally competent healthcare services include understanding of the:
1. beliefs, values, traditions, and practices of a culture;
2. culturally defined, healthrelated needs of individuals, families, and communities;
3. Culturally based belief systems of the etiology of illness and disease and those related to health and healing;
and
4. attitudes toward seeking help from healthcare providers.
REFERENCES:
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1. The Association of Schools of Public Health. Available at
http://www.whatispublichealth.org/about/index.html. Accessed February 3, 2009.
2. American Public Health Association. Available at http://apha.org. Accessed February 3, 2009.
3. The Association of Schools of Public Health. Available at http://www.asph.org. Accessed February 3, 2009.
4. World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/en/. Accessed February 3, 2009.
5. Food and Drug Administration. Available at http://www.fda.gov/. Accessed February 3, 2009.

6. FDA History. Food and Drug Administration. Available at
http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/default.htm. Accessed February 3,
2009.
7. National Center for Cultural Competence. Available at
www11.georgetown.edu/research/gucchd/nccc/index.html. Accessed February 3, 2009.
8. The Compelling need for cultural and linguistic competence. Available at
www11.georgetown.edu/research/gucchd/nccc/foundations/need.html.
Accessed February 3, 2009.
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 Epidemiologists determine what causes a disease or spike in injuries across a population.

 Maternal and Child Health:

 Public Health Laboratory Practice :

 Public Health Policy:

 Association of Schools of Public Health:

 Food and Drug Administration:

4. World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/en/. Accessed February 3, 2009.

5. Food and Drug Administration. Available at http://www.fda.gov/. Accessed February 3, 2009.

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