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    Wre PPT 45

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    Harshal
    1. There are three main methods to find the average annual rainfall of a catchment: the arithmetic average method, Thiessen's polygon method, and the isohyetal method. 2. The arithmetic average method simply takes the average of all recorded rainfall amounts at stations in the area. 3. Thiessen's polygon method divides the area into polygons around each station, with each polygon representing the area closest to that station. Rainfall is estimated based on the station within each polygon. 4. The isohyetal method involves creating contours of equal rainfall (isohyets) on a map based on station data, then calculating the average rainfall in different areas bounded by the is

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    Wre PPT 45

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    Harshal
    17 views13 pages
    1. There are three main methods to find the average annual rainfall of a catchment: the arithmetic average method, Thiessen's polygon method, and the isohyetal method. 2. The arithmetic average method simply takes the average of all recorded rainfall amounts at stations in the area. 3. Thiessen's polygon method divides the area into polygons around each station, with each polygon representing the area closest to that station. Rainfall is estimated based on the station within each polygon. 4. The isohyetal method involves creating contours of equal rainfall (isohyets) on a map based on station data, then calculating the average rainfall in different areas bounded by the is

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    WRE PPT 45

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    1. There are three main methods to find the average annual rainfall of a catchment: the arithmetic average method, Thiessen's polygon method, and the isohyetal method. 2. The arithmetic average method simply takes the average of all recorded rainfall amounts at stations in the area. 3. Thiessen's polygon method divides the area into polygons around each station, with each polygon representing the area closest to that station. Rainfall is estimated based on the station within each polygon. 4. The isohyetal method involves creating contours of equal rainfall (isohyets) on a map based on station data, then calculating the average rainfall in different areas bounded by the is

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    17 views13 pages

    Wre PPT 45

    Uploaded by

    Harshal
    1. There are three main methods to find the average annual rainfall of a catchment: the arithmetic average method, Thiessen's polygon method, and the isohyetal method. 2. The arithmetic average method simply takes the average of all recorded rainfall amounts at stations in the area. 3. Thiessen's polygon method divides the area into polygons around each station, with each polygon representing the area closest to that station. Rainfall is estimated based on the station within each polygon. 4. The isohyetal method involves creating contours of equal rainfall (isohyets) on a map based on station data, then calculating the average rainfall in different areas bounded by the is

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    Methods of Finding out

    Average Annual Rainfall of


    Catchment
    My Self

     Name : Suryawanshi Harshal Santram


     Roll No: 45
     Enrollment no: 2001300122
     Subject : Water Resources Engineering (22501)
     Topic : Methods of Finding out Average Annual Rainfall of Catchment
    Information about Rainfall

     Rainfall is the amount of precipitation, in the form


    of rain (water from clouds), that descends onto the
    surface of Earth, whether it is on land or water. It
    develops when air masses travel over warm water
    bodies or over wet land surfaces. Atmospheric
    turbulence and convection carries the moisture, or
    water vapour, upward into air masses where they
    form clouds. The clouds eventually release this
    water vapour, which is dropped as rainfall.
    Average Annaul Rainfall
     It is the average value obtained by adding up the annual
    rainfall of a section of 35 years or more and dividing sum
    by number of years
     It is denoted by (P) is called average annual rainfall
    Methods of Finding out Average Annual Rainfall of a
    Catchment

     There are various methods to find out average annual


    rainfall are:

    1. Arithmetic average Method


    2. Representative area method/Thiessen’s polygon method
    3. Isohyetal method
    Arithmetic average Method

     This is a simple method .It includes averaging of


    all amount that has been recorded at various
    stations in the areas is added and then divided by
    number of rain gauges.
     Arithmetic mean formula

    Mean (x̄) = Sum of all observations / Number of


    observations
     The simplest of all is the Arithmetic Mean Method, which
    taken an average of all the rainfall depths as shown in Fig.
    1.5.

     Average rainfall as the arithmetic mean of all the


    records of the four rain gauges, as shown below:

     Average rainfall = (5 + 8 + 12 + 15)/4 = 10.0 mm.


    Thiessen’s polygon method
     In this method adjacent stations are joined by straight lines and thus
    dividing entire area into series of triangles and then perpendicular
    bisectors are erected on each of these lines and thus forms series of
    polygons each polygon contain one rain gauge station.
     It is assumed that the entire area within any polygon is nearer to the
    rain gauge station which is included in polygon than to any other
    rainfall station.
     Then find the area of each polygon shown in Fig.
     If P is the mean rainfall on the basin the area of basin is A then,
     This method, first proposed by Thiessen in 1911, considers
    the representative area for each rain gauge. These could
    also be thought of as the areas of influence of each rain
    gauge, as shown in Figure 1.6.

     For the given example, the “weighted” average rainfall


    over the catchment is determined as:
    ISOHYETAL METHOD
     Isohyets are the contours of equal rainfall. In this method
    rainfall values recorded at various rain gauge stations are
    collected and from that isohyetal map is prepared and the
    area between successive isohyetes is measured with the
    help of planimeter.
     Let them be A1,A2,A3,A4 and the average rainfall for
    these areas are P1, P2, P3,P4
     for the problem shown in Fig. 1.7, the following may be assumed to be the
    areas enclosed between two consecutive isohyets and are calculated as under:
     Area I = 40 km2
     Area II = 80 km2
     Area III = 70 km2
     Area IV = 50 km2 
     Total catchment area = 240 km2
     The areas II and III fall between two isohyets each.
     Hence, these areas may be thought of as corresponding to the following rainfall
    depths:
     Area II: Corresponds to (10 + 15)/2 = 12.5 mm rainfall depth
     Area III: Corresponds to (5 + 10)/2 = 7.5 mm rainfall depth
     For Area I, we would expect rainfall to be more than 15 mm but since there is no
    record, a rainfall depth of 15mm is accepted. Similarly, for Area IV, a rainfall
    depth of 5 mm has to be taken.
     Hence, the average precipitation by the isohyetal method is calculated to
    be:
    THANKS

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