Electricity and Its Uses

ELECTRICITY
AND ITS USES

What is Electricity?
 Electricity is a form of energy. We can’t see it but we can see how it
makes objects work. An appliance like an electric fan that uses
electrical energy has a motor inside it. The spinning part of a motor
is the rotor. It is connected to electrical wires. Electricity makes the
motor work.
Electricity makes life more
comfortable
 We use electricity to light our homes.
 Because of electricity, a computer works
 We use electricity to cook our food.
 It is because of electricity that people can communicate through the
radio or telephone.
 The light rail transit or LRT is also powered by electricity. It brings
people to different places quickly.
 It is easier to polish the floor using an electric floor polisher instead of a
coconut husk.
Labels
 labels are found at the back of electric appliances in your
home
 The “w” is read as watts. Watt is a unit

for measuring electrical power or
wattage. One thousand watts is
equivalent to one kilowatt.
Let’s Remember
 Electricity is a form of energy that makes appliances work.
 The wattage of an appliance tells you how much electricity it
consumes.
 Watt is a unit for measuring wattage or electrical power.
1,000 watts = 1 kilowatt
1,000 w = 1 kw
 Hour (h) is the standard unit of measurement for length of time.
 Watt (w) is for the wattage and kilowatt-hour (kwh) is for the
consumption of electricity.
1,000 watt-hours = 1 kilowatt-hour
1,000 wh= 1 kwh
If someone inside your home meets an
electric accident:
 Don’t touch the victim. You could get electrocuted

yourself. Unplug the appliance first. Or turn the power
off at the main switch.
 If you can’t turn the power off, use a dry wooden
broom handle or dry clothing to separate the victim
from the power source.
 Get medical assistance.
If there is an electrical fire:
 Unplug the burning or smoking appliance.
NEVER throw water on the fire or appliance.
 Get everyone out of the house at once.
 Call the fire department. Report your name
and address and that you have an electrical
fire.
Let’s Remember
 Knowing about electrical safety and knowing what to
do in case of an electrical accident can save lives.
 There are safety measures that you can take to
prevent electrical accidents from happening.
 There are also certain things that you should or
should not do in case an electrical accident happens.
INTERPRETING
ELECTRIC BILLS
AND METERS
How to read and interpret the electric meter?
 The power rating or wattage is measured in watts or kilowatts. The symbol for watts is
“W” and the symbol for kilowatts is “kW.”
1,000 watts = 1 kilowatt
 To convert from watts to kilowatts, multiply the given watts by the conversion ratio: 1
kW
1,000 watts
Electric power consumption
 Electric power consumption is the amount of electric

energy that an appliance consumes within a certain period
of time. Electric power consumption is obtained by
multiplying the power rating of the appliance with the
amount of time the appliance was used.
 The power rating is usually expressed in kilowatts or “kW.” The time is usually expressed
in hours with the symbol “h.” And electric consumption is usually expressed in kilowatt-
hours or “kW-h.”
Below is a picture of a typical kilowatt-hour meter.
 By looking at the electric meter, you will see a round metal object spinning. It spins
fast when you consume more electric power.
 The electric meter has four dials that rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise.
 The movement of the dial is according to the position or sequence of the numbers.
 Observe the four dials in the electric meter carefully. There are ten
 If the numbers are arranged numbers on each dial: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The numbers in
this way, the dial turns each dial are read in sequence from left to right.
clockwise:
 The pointer of the units dial and the hundreds dial rotate clockwise
while the pointer of the tens dial and the thousands dial rotate
counter-clockwise.
 All the pointers rotate when electric power is being consumed. The units
pointer rotates the fastest while the thousands pointer rotates the
slowest.
 It is easy to read the information on the electric meter. Just read the
 If the numbers are numbers where the pointers are pointing. Read the dials from left to
arranged this way, the right.
dial turns counter-
clockwise
For example, let’s read the information on the
dials below:
So how do you read the information on the 4 dials above?

 The pointer on the thousands dial is pointing to 3, which reads 3,000.
 The pointer on the hundreds dial is pointing to 1, which reads 100.
 The pointer on the tens dial is pointing to 5, which reads 50.
 The pointer on the units dial is pointing to 9.
 So putting all the dials together, the meter should read from left to right as follows: 3,159
kW-h
Activity
 What is the reading on the electric meter below?
 The meter should read 2,054 kW-h

Activity
 What is the reading on the electric meter below?
 the meter should read 8,139 kW-h

How does the electric meter inspector check
our electric power consumption?
 The inspector checks our electric meters monthly and compares the current reading on the
dials of the electric meter with the reading taken the previous month.
 So how do we compute for the electric power consumption for the given period of time?
We need to get the difference between the present reading and the previous reading.
Let’s Solve This Problem
 The inspector looked at the meter of Mang Berto and saw this:
a. 7,024 kW-h
 After one month, the inspector again looked at the meter of Mang Berto and saw this:
b. 7,258 kW-h
 c) Electric power consumed: 7,258 kW-h – 7,024 kW-h = 234 kW-h

HOW TO READ
AND INTERPRET
ELECTRIC BILLS
Part A of an Electric Bill
 This part of the bill contains the customer’s name and address. This
part also shows the date when the electric bill was issued and when
it is supposed to be paid.Every customer has a special identification
number shown as the bill ID number. Each bill also has its own
number for record keeping purposes.
Part B of an Electric Bill
 This part of the bill shows the previous and present readings taken from a
customer’s electric meter. It indicates the power consumed within the
period covered. This part of the bill also indicates the type of rate applied
on the customer. The charge for residential properties is different from that
of businesses. In this case, the rate for the residential type applies,
indicated at the bottom of the bill as “RES.”
Part C of an Electric Bill
 Below is another part of Mr. Trinidad’s electric bill. This part of the
bill shows the breakdown of computation of the amount due for
electric consumption. The computations for basic charge, currency
adjustment and power purchase adjustment (PPA) are shown here.
basic charge or generation charge is then based on the price of oil
currency adjustment is based on the

Philippine peso and U.S. dollar
exchange rate.
power purchase adjustment or distribution charge

is the electric
company’s service charge for distributing electricity
to homes, offices, and industries
in a certain region.
Part D of an Electric Bill
 This part of the bill gives the customer details on his or her monthly electric consumption
for the last 12 months. This part shows the consumption chart and it also tells the
customer’s average monthly power consumption, as well as the average daily spending on
electric power.
COMPUTATIONS
FOR COSTS OF
ELECTRIC BILL
Aling Remia’s electric power consumption is
258 kilowatt-hours
 a) What is Aling Remia’s basic charge if the rates are as follows:
Basic Charge
If less than 300 kilowatt-hours is consumed.
Energy (kW-h) Rate Cost
First 10 kW-h P 17.40 P 17.40
Next 40 kW-h P 1.7400/kW-h Energy x P 1.7400/kW-h
Next 208 kW-h P 3.4000/kW-h Energy x P 3.4000/kW-h
Note: If 300 kilowatt-hours and above is consumed, a flat rate of P 3.4000 per
kilowatt-hour is charged.
Let’s compute for the Basic Charge
Energy (kW-h) Rate Cost
First 10 kW-h P 17.40 P 17.40
Next 40 kW-h P 1.7400/kW-h P 69.60
Next 208 kW-h P 3.4000/kW-h P 707.20
Total cost of basic charge
P 794.20
100%= 1
90%= 0.90
4.84%= 0.0484
10%= 0.10
20%= 0.20
3.55%= 0.0355

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ELECTRICITY

AND ITS USES

 The “w” is read as watts. Watt is a unit

 Don’t touch the victim. You could get electrocuted

 Electric power consumption is the amount of electric

So how do you read the information on the 4 dials above?

 The meter should read 2,054 kW-h

 the meter should read 8,139 kW-h

 c) Electric power consumed: 7,258 kW-h – 7,024 kW-h = 234 kW-h

basic charge or generation charge is then based on the price of oil

currency adjustment is based on the

power purchase adjustment or distribution charge

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