PRACTICAL

RESEARCH I:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
BY:

CRISELDA V. NAVARRO
PRACTICAL RESEARCH I TEACHER
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

• Share research experiences and knowledge

• Explain the importance of research in daily life

• Describe characteristics, processes and ethics of research

• Provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts,

humanities, sports, science, business, agriculture, and fisheries,
information and communication technology and social inquiry)
DAY 1

Group Activity- Presentation of Outputs

 ACTIVITY: KWL CHART

Instruction: On the first column, list the things that you know about research and
importance of research. On the second column, list the things that you want to know about
research and importance of research. On the third column, list the things that you have
learned (based on your readings and discussion) about research and importance of research
after the lesson.
What I know about research What I want to know about What I learned about research
and importance of research research and importance of and importance of research
research
1. __________________ 1. __________________ 1. __________________

2. __________________ 2. __________________ 2. __________________

3. __________________ 3. __________________ 3. __________________

DAY 2
 Lesson 1:
NATURE OF
INQUIRY AND
RESEARCH
ABSTRACTION

• What is research?
• What is inquiry?
• Why do we need to be engaged in
research?
• How important is research in our daily
lives?
INQUIRY- defined as “a seeking for
truth, information or knowledge. The
information is sought through questioning.

The exploratory nature of inquiry allows

individuals particularly students to grapple
with different ways of looking at ideas and
issues and to think creatively about
problems that do not possess simple
answer.
GOVERNING PRINCIPLEOF INQUIRY
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
THE WORD RESEARCH IS DERIVED
FROM THE OLD FRENCH WORD
CERCHIER, WHICH MEANS TO
“SEEK OR SEARCH.” “SEARCH”
MEANING TO INVESTIGATE. THE
PREFIX “RE” MEANS “AGAIN”
AND SIGNIFIES OF THE SEARCH.
LITERALLY, RESEARCH MEANS TO
“INVESTIGATE AGAIN”.
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Is defined as careful, systematic study in the field
of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish
facts or principles. (Webster, 1984).

Research is a process of steps used to collect and

analyze information to increase our understanding
of a topic or issue. (Creswell, J.W. (2013)
Defined as a scientific investigation of
phenomena which includes collection, analysis
and interpretation of facts (Calmorin, 2004).
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is the systematic investigation and
study of materials and sources to establish facts
and reach new conclusions (Walker, 2010).

Collection of data in a rigorously controlled

situation for the purpose of prediction or
explanation; a more formal, systematic and
intensive process of carrying on a scientific
method of analysis.
 Research is very significant in our lives, it gradually
changed human life through history. Here are the five (5)
importance of research to our daily lives.
1. Research aims for truth (Rolfe 2002).
2. Research improves quality of human life (Bornmann 2013).
3. Research saves life(Cancer Research UK 2019).
4. Research gathers necessary information (Igwenagu 2016).
5. Research explores humanity (Lee, Tran, and Lee 2007)
 RESEARCH AIMS FOR TRUTH
(ROLFE 2002)
We crave for truth for no one has the desire to live in lies.
(Rasmussen 2013).

Research provides us an explanation or solution to particular

problem based on truth.(Kasi 2009)
 RESEARCH IMPROVES QUALITY OF
HUMAN LIFE (BORNMANN 2013)

Experiences of our parents when they were young

All of the technological advancements are brought by

different researches. (Gupta,2018)
RESEARCH SAVES LIFE(CANCER
RESEARCH UK 2019)
Penicillin
Antibiotics
Incubator for babies
Vaccine for COVID 19
RESEARCH GATHERS NECESSARY
INFORMATION (IGWENAGU 2016)
Students’ perceptions about reopening of face-to-face classes
RESEARCH EXPLORES HUMANITY
(LEE, TRAN, AND LEE 2007)
Research explores the culture of people.

Research deals with the investigation of culture to understand

and to appreciate other’s practices, and beliefs.( Zion and
Kozleski 2005)
Activity: Man’s Major Problems Demand Research
The following are examples of man’s problems for which products
of research are born:
1. In Metro Manila, employees, teachers, students, businessmen and
many others find difficulty in commuting everyday due to the
heavy traffic, ____________________?
__________________________
Hence, the LRT (Light Rail Transit) is constructed to ease the
problem.
2. Three decades ago businessmen, engineers, and accountants
found difficulty in computing _________________?
________________
So calculators were invented to solve the problem.
3. In the early 20th century, rural folks found difficulty in seeing
events in far distance. ______________?_______________
Hence, televisions, movies were invented to solve the problem
thereby enabling man to see and hear events that happen at great
distance.
4. A century or two ago, our great grandparents found difficulty in
going to far places because they just used bamboo rafts and it took
them several months to reach their destination, i.e. from Mindanao
to Manila. _______________?______________
Now, Manila can be reached in just an hour or two due to the
invention of the airplane. Likewise, ships, buses, jeepneys,
automobiles, are also products of research which have enabled man
to reach far places in short periods of time.
5. A century ago, Filipinos found difficulty in communicating with
their relatives and friends here and abroad. __________?_________
The problem has been greatly reduced by new communication
facilities such as the telephone, fax machines, cellphones,
computers and many others which make possible even instant
communication over long distance.
6. More than a century ago, rural folks merely used coconut oil
lamp to lighten their houses, _________________?
_________________
until electricity was discovered and used to provide light and other
conveniences.
 RESEARCH

New New
Technology knowledge

New tools
New skills
/devices

Better condition/welfare
practice

Improved quality of life

DAY 3
Six Blind Men and the Elephant
It was six men of Indostan,
To learning much inclined, 
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind), 
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind. 
The First approach'd the Elephant, 
And happening to fall
Against his broad and sturdy side, 
At once began to bawl: 
"God bless me! but the Elephant
Is very like a wall!" 
The Second, feeling of the tusk, 
Cried, -"Ho! what have we here
So very round and smooth and sharp? 
To me 'tis mighty clear, 
This wonder of an Elephant
Is very like a spear!" 
The Third approach'd the animal, 
And happening to take
The squirming trunk within his hands, 
Thus boldly up and spake: 
"I see," -quoth he- "the Elephant
Is very like a snake!" 
The Fourth reached out an eager hand, 
And felt about the knee: 
"What most this wondrous beast is like
Is mighty plain," -quoth he,- 
"'Tis clear enough the Elephant 
Is very like a tree!" 
The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear, 
Said- "E'en the blindest man
Can tell what this resembles most; 
Deny the fact who can, 
This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a fan!" 
The Sixth no sooner had begun
About the beast to grope, 
Then, seizing on the swinging tail
That fell within his scope, 
"I see," -quoth he,- "the Elephant
Is very like a rope!" 
And so these men of Indostan
Disputed loud and long, 
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong, 
Though each was partly in the right, 
And all were in the wrong! 
Implications to Educational Research:

• In turn, each individual creates his/her own

version of reality from experience and
perspective.
• Therefore, research provides a solid foundation
for the discovery and creation of knowledge.
• Warning: Limited touch of truth turn into
overreaching misinterpretations and
misjudgments.
• Synthesis: Open our eyes wider and seek every
opportunity to discover/experience the totality.
 Characteristics of Research
(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
1. Research should be systematic.
- The researcher needs to carry out a series of
interrelated steps in conducting the study.
Such procedure must follow a well-planned,
sequential and organized structure from
beginning to end.
 Characteristics of Research
(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
2. Research should be objective.
- The researcher needs to present
information that are purely based on truths.
It should always be anchored on the factual
basis in which the research work is founded,
thus being free from any bias or personal
opinion.
 Characteristics of Research
(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
3. Research should be feasible.
- The researcher needs to consider the
possibility and practicality of conducting the
proposed study. All significant factors like
time, budget and access to resources must be
analyzed to determine if the research can
actually be done.
 Characteristics of Research
(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
4. Research should be empirical.
- The researcher needs to employ appropriate
methods, either quantitatively or
qualitatively, to produce evidence-
basedinformation. They can be drawn from
concrete experimentation, direct or indirect
observation, and verifiable experience.
 Characteristics of Research
(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
5. Research should be clear.
- The researcher needs to use comprehensible
language to present information and convey
explanation throughout the research process.
39
KNOWING THE RESEARCH PROCESS
 The Research Process

Research process is a systematic

manner in which the researcher
approaches his/her area of study to
produce knowledge that the
community will consider to be
worthwhile within the field (Rao,
2017).
Define the Prepare the
Review the Formulate
Research Research
Literature Hypothesis
Problem Design

Interpret and
Report the Analyze Data Collect Data
Findings

The Research Process

Rao (2017)
1. Define the research problem.
The researcher identifies English language
proficiency as a problem of aspiring maritime
students in qualifying for admission to
prestigious maritime institutions.
2. Review the literature
• The researcher reviews previous studies
conducted about English language
proficiency and the experienced difficulties of
aspiring maritime students
3. Formulate hypothesis
• The researcher hypothesizes that the implementation
of English-Only Policy (EOP) in the classroom can
improve the English language proficiency of Pre-
Baccalaureate Maritime students.
4. Prepare the research design
• The researcher uses an experimental
design on exploring the experiences of
the students in implementing EOP.
5. Collect data.
Use an appropriate data collection method to
elicit the needed information.
• The researcher collects data through interview
and focus group discussion.
6. Analyze data
Utilize strategies and methods that make sense
of the data to answer the research problem.
• The researcher analyzes the data by drawing
patterns and themes from the generated data.
7. Interpret and report the findings
• The researcher interprets and reports
the findings based on the collected and
analyzed data to solve the research
problem.
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
1. To learn how to work independently
2. To learn how to work scientifically and
systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of
something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by
letting you think in higher- order
thinking strategies
5. To improve your reading and writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic tools of
research and the various techniques of
gathering data and presenting research findings
7. To free yourself to a certain extent from the
domination or strong influence of a single
textbook or the professor’s lone viewpoint or
spoon feeding.
DAY 4
What is ethics?
Ethics and Research

ETHICS are norms of conduct that

distinguish between acceptable and
unacceptable behavior.
 IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN RESEARCH

Resnik (2015), in his article, “What is Ethics in

Research & Why is it important?”, as cited by
Cristobal & Cristobal (2017), enumerates the
following reasons why it is important to follow
ethical principles in writing and conducting a
research:
Research Ethics:

1. It promotes the aims of research.

Ethics guides the researchers in
obtaining knowledge, truth, and
avoidance of error by prohibiting
fabrication, falsification and
misrepresentation of research data.
Research Ethics:

1. It promotes the aims of research.

Ethics guides the researchers in
obtaining knowledge, truth, and
avoidance of error by prohibiting
fabrication, falsification and
misrepresentation of research data.
Research Ethics:

2. It upholds values that are essential to

collaborative work.
Many researchers who are working in
different disciplines and institutions
cooperate and coordinate to accomplish a
particular research. With ethics in mind,
they also maintain trust, accountability,
mutual respect, and fairness.
Research Ethics:

3. It ensures that researchers can be held

accountable to the public.
Ethical norms guarantee the public
that researchers are deemed responsible
for committing any form of research
misconduct.
Research Ethics:

4. It builds public support for

research.
People express and lend their
support by all means if they can
trust the quality and integrity of
research.
Research Ethics:

5. It promotes a variety of moral and social

values.
Ethical principles help the researcher
avoid practices that can adversely harm the
research subjects and the community. Thus,
it encourages social responsibility, human
rights, animal welfare, compliance with the
law, and public health and safety.
 ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH

Cristobal & Cristobal (2017), in their book, “Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School”, lists the following ethical codes and policies that the researcher needs to
consider in conducting a study:
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Care
5.Openness
 ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH

6. Respect for intellectual property

7. Confidentiality
8. Responsible publication
9. Non-discrimination
10. Legality
11. Human Subject Protection
 RIGHTS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

1. Voluntary Participation
2. Informed Consent
3. Risk of Harm
4. Confidentiality
5. Anonymity
Synthesis: It is the researcher’s
ethical responsibility not to harm
the human participants.
Be critical and ethical!

BE AWARE OF THE DEP ED

RESEARCH GUIDING PRINCIPLES
 ACTIVITY NO. 3

Individual Work
Express your judgment or decision about each line
by checking the box representing your choice. On
the lines provided, write your reasons to justify your
agreement or disagreement on the given statement.
1. Your zero or poor knowledge of
research means you are not in a
quality school.

Agree Disagree
2. Research is exactly the
same as inquiry.
Agree Disagree
_____________________
____________________
3. You behave like a
scientist in research.
Agree Disagree

______________________________
___________________
4. One of the purposes of research is to
elevate your mental abilities by letting
you think in higher- order thinking
strategies.
Agree Disagree

_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5. You can quantify
people’s worldviews.
Agree Disagree

___________________________________
___________________________
Quiz no. 1
Topics Covered:
1.Inquiry and Research
2.Characteristics of Research
3.Importance and Purposes of Research
4.Ethics of Research
5.Processes of Research