Control Measures of Chemical Hazard.. Gondaleeya Devang

SEMINAR ON
CONTROL MEASURES OF CHEMICAL

HAZARDS
GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BY:

Dr.S.A.PATEL GONDALEEYA DEVANG P.
S.K.P.C.P.E.R. , M.Pharm QA SEM- II
Ganpat University EN.NO: 21024611002
CONTENT:
● Introduction of Chemical Hazard, Types and Control of Chemical Hazard
● Control Measures of Chemical Hazards
⮚ HIERARCHY of Control Measures
⮚ Use of Pictograms and chemical labels
⮚ Preventive Measures
⮚ Safety Measures
• References
CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
⮚ A chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazard caused by exposure to
chemicals in the workplace.
⮚ A chemical accident is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous
substances which could harm human or the environment.
⮚ Chemical hazards produce by chemical synthesis or manufacturing,
processing, transportation and that effect on the human and environmental
condition.
❖ TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
1) Irritant Chemicals 3) Toxic Chemicals 5) Carcinogens
2) Sensitizer 4) Anaesthetics and Narcotic
❖ WHY CONTROL OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
⮚ To Protect Human Health from various diseases which are caused by exposure of
Chemicals. Examples: Carcinogens, respiratory irritants
⮚ To Protect Environment
⮚ Compliance with international obligations and commitments.
⮚ Prevent illness and long-term disability
⮚ Chemicals control has the potential to protect the health of both workers and the
general population, as it ensures that relevant safety information is made available. It
also ensures that knowledge on risk management measures for transportation,
storage and use are shared with relevant stakeholders, and contributes to improving
working conditions and increasing productivity.
CONTROL MEASURES FOR CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
⮚ Your risk assessment may reveal that you will need a temporary control measure
until you can put a better and more permanent control in place.
⮚ Selecting your controls is a key part of the process of identifying and evaluating
hazards in your lab. According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health
and Safety Fact Sheet, controls are usually placed:
❖ At the source (where the hazard comes from) , Along the path (where the hazard
travels) , With/on the worker.
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL MEASURES
⮚ Controlling exposures to occupational hazards is the fundamental method of
protecting workers. Traditionally, a hierarchy of controls has been used as a
means of determining how to implement feasible and effective control solutions.
⮚ This Hierarchy is recommended by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health

Administration), NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), and
CDC (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention).
⮚ NIOSH leads a national initiative called
Prevention through Design (PtD) to prevent or
reduce occupational injuries, illnesses, and
fatalities through the inclusion of prevention
considerations in all designs that impact workers.
1) Elimination : The risk control measure that has the greatest level of effectiveness is
elimination. Before any other control measures are considered, elimination must be applied
first. Elimination is the method of totally removing a hazard or hazardous practice from the
workplace. Some examples of eliminating the use of a hazardous chemical in the workplace
include:
⮚Eliminating the use of chemical adhesive by using fasteners such as screws or nails.
⮚Eliminating the use of flammable forklift gas by using electric power forklifts instead of
LPG powered forklifts.[3]
2) Substitution : If you can’t totally eliminate the use of a hazardous chemical, you must
then try to substitute it. Substitution is when you replace the use of a hazardous chemical
with another chemical that is less hazardous and presents a lower level of risk.
⮚ The table below provides some examples:
Instead Of: Consider:
carbon tetrachloride (causes liver damage, cancer) 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichloromethane
benzene (causes cancer) toluene, cyclohexane, ketones
pesticides (causes various effects on body) "natural" pesticides such as pyrethrins
organic solvents (causes various effects on body) water-detergent solutions
leaded glazes, paints, pigments (causes various effects on body) versions that do not contain lead
sandstone grinding wheels (causes severe respiratory illness synthetic grinding wheels such as aluminium oxide
due to silica)
⮚ Another type of substitution includes using the same chemical but to use it in a different form.
▪ Isolation: Isolation involves separating people from the chemicals or hazards by
distance or barriers to prevent or minimise exposure. Examples of isolation include:
☞ Isolate workers from chemicals use of closed systems such as those used
during the processing.
☞ Isolating operations in one room with access restricted to properly protected
personnel.
☞ Placing operators in a positive pressure cabin that prevents airborne contaminants
entering.
3) Engineering Controls:
∙ Engineering controls are physical in nature, including mechanical devices or processes
that eliminate or minimise the generation of chemicals, suppress or contain
chemicals, or limit the area of contamination in the event of spills and leaks.
● They often involve partial enclosure, use of exhaust ventilation or automation of
processes. Examples of engineering controls include:
▪ Enclosure : Placing a process, or a part of it, within an enclosure which may also be
fitted with exhaust extraction to remove contaminants.
▪ Ventilation:
• Ventilation is a means of maintaining a safe atmosphere by the introduction or
recirculation of air; by natural, forced or mechanical means. Ventilation system should
be suitable for the types of hazardous chemicals on the premises . Regular checks of
these systems should be included in planned maintenance schedules to ensure that
vents remain unobstructed. Different Types of ventilations are available:
1. Mechanical Ventilation 2. Local Exhaust Ventilation 3.Natural Ventilation
4) Administrative Controls:
⮚In general, administrative controls will be required to supplement higher-level controls.
Administrative controls may include maintenance of equipment and training of workers
and their managers in the operation of the equipment. Preventative maintenance is
important in preventing uncontrolled releases. Work procedures may need to be
developed to ensure that engineering controls function as designed; this includes any safe-
handling procedures and special storage instructions.
5) Personal Protective equipment (PPE):
⮚Even though the hierarchy of control measures indicates PPE is the least effective of
control measure, it should absolutely be used, in case other control measures fail. The
success of PPE depends in part on whether or not lab workers actually use it.
⮚Eye goggles, hearing protection, and protective clothing (e.g., lab coats and gloves) are
the most recognizable and most used PPE in the lab.
⮚Types of PPE
•Respirators
•Protective gloves
•Protective clothing
•Protective footwear
•Eye protection
⮚ CHEMICAL LABELS:
● The manufacturer or importer is responsible for ensuring that any chemical or
chemical product is classified and labeled according to current regulatory
requirements. From the perspective of the OHS professional and the workplace user
of the chemical, the important label components under the GHS are signal words,
hazard statements, precautionary statements, and pictograms.
● Signal words are used to indicate the relative level of severity of a hazard. Hazard
statements describe the nature of a hazard, including the degree of hazard, where
appropriate.
⮚ USE OF PICTOGRAMS AND CHEMICAL LABELS:
● Preventive Measures
1. Solvents used in extraction, purification of synthetic drugs and chemical analysis
should be handled with care.
2. Flammable and explosive chemicals should be kept at a proper distance.
3. Tolerance levels for toxic chemicals set by federal regulation have to be followed.
4. Suitable label to the chemicals for proper handling.
5. Personal protective cloth.
6. Application of cream before the commencement of work.
7. Use of goggles.[2]
• Safety Measures
⮚ No eating, drinking, or smoking where chemicals are used.
⮚ Skin should be covered with protective clothing.
⮚ Clothing should be removed immediately it gets wet or contaminated with a chemical.
⮚ Eyes or skins should be washed with plenty of water after an accident.
⮚ Face mask may be used in toxic dust or gases.
⮚ Workers working in antibiotic-related products must be changed routinely so that an
individual is not exposed to a certain antibiotic for a long period of time.
⮚ Whenever a dust allergy or respiratory problem precipitates, the worker should
immediately be removed from the workplace and put under proper health care.
⮚ In case of inflammable gas or solvent leakage, the exhaust fans should be started, and
all the source of fire should be extinguished.[2]
REFERENCES:
1. Haagsma JA, Tariq L, Heederik DJ, Havelaar AH. Infectious disease risks associated with
occupational exposure: A systematic review of the literature. Occup Environ Med
2012;69:140-6.
2. Omprakash Gadgeppa Bhusnure. Chemical hazards and safety management in

pharmaceutical industry. J Pharm Res 2018; Vol 12, Issue 3.
3. https://institute.acs.org/lab-safety/hazard-assessment/fundamentals/co
ntrol-measures.html
/April 2022.

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SEMINAR ON

CONTROL MEASURES OF CHEMICAL

GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BY:

● Control Measures of Chemical Hazards

⮚ HIERARCHY of Control Measures

⮚ Use of Pictograms and chemical labels

⮚ This Hierarchy is recommended by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health

2. Omprakash Gadgeppa Bhusnure. Chemical hazards and safety management in

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