SPECIALIZED CRIME

INVESTIGATION 2 WITH
SIMULATION ON
INTERROGATION AND
INTERVIEW
PREPARED BY MS. HAZEL FAITH D. CARREON
The concepts of Special Crime Investigati
on.

MODULE I
 
MODULE TITLE: The concepts of Special Crime
Investigation.
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module provides the
concepts of Special Crime Investigation particularly its
focus and importance to court proceedings.
 Special Crime Investigation.
Special Crime Investigation is consisting of special investigative
techniques. It concentrates more on physical evidence, its collection,
handling, identification and preservation in coordination with the crime
laboratory special crime investigation. It involves a close relationship
between the investigator in the field and the crime laboratory technician.
They work together as a team and both must be competent and well
trained, sharing and extending one another’s theories and finding, working
patiently and thoroughly to know the truth from their criminal enquiries.
Special Crime Investigation.
Philippines justice system, particularly the court, relies more on
physical evidence rather than extra-judicial confessions and
testimonies.
It generates tracing evidence that leads to the apprehension of
dangerous criminals. Oftentimes, potential valuable evidences are
destroyed or rendered useless be careless behaviour and handling at
the crime scene (Guevara, 2019). 
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
First Responder- A law enforcement officer
who first arrives at the crime scene, whose
foremost concern is to conduct verification of
death should a victim be injured on site and to
protect and secure the crime scene
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

First Responder- A law enforcement officer who first arrives at

the crime scene, whose foremost concern is to conduct
verification of death should a victim be injured on site and to
protect and secure the crime scene
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
Criminal Profiling- refers to the process in which the
nature of a crime is used to make inferences about the
personality and other characteristics of the likely
offender. The profiler is therefore unable to say
whether it is more probable than not that a specific
offender did, in fact, commit the crime.
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Crime Scene Processing-involves the use of

basic crime scene protocol which includes
interview of complainant and witnesses,
photographing the crime scene, making a
sketch, collection of evidences for laboratory
examination and analysis
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
Physical evidence

Real evidence, often called physical evidence,

consists of material items involved in a case, objects
and things the jury can physically hold and inspect.
Examples of real evidence include fingerprints, blood
samples, DNA, a knife, a gun, and other physical
objects
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
The crime of Homicide is defined and penalized under Article 249 of the RPC, which
reads:
“Art. 249. Homicide. – Any person who, not falling within the provisions of Article 246, shall
kill another, without the attendance of any of the circumstances enumerated in the next
preceding article, shall be deemed guilty of homicide and be punished by reclusion
temporal.”
The elements of Homicide are the following:
(a) a person was killed;
(b) the accused killed him without any justifying circumstance;
(c) the accused had the intention to kill, which is presumed; and
(d) the killing was not attended by any of the qualifying circumstances of Murder, or by
that of Parricide or Infanticide.
On the other hand, Murder is defined and penalized under Article
248 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC), as amended, which
provides:

“ART. 248. Murder. Any person who, not falling within the

provisions of Article 246, shall kill another, shall be guilty of
murder and shall be punished by reclusion perpetua, to death if
committed with any of the following attendant circumstances:

1.With treachery, taking advantage of superior strength, with the

aid of armed men, or employing means to weaken the defense,
or of means or persons to insure or afford impunity;
2.In consideration of a price, reward, or promise;
3.By means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion, shipwreck,
stranding of a vessel, derailment or assault upon a railroad, fall of
an airship, by means of motor vehicles, or with the use of any
other means involving great waste and ruin;
1.On occasion of any calamities Generally, the elements of murder
enumerated in the preceding paragraph, are:
or of an earthquake, eruption of a volcano,
destructive cyclone, epidemic, or any other
1) That a person was killed;
public calamity; 2) That the accused killed him;
2.With evident premeditation; 3) That the killing was attended by
3.With cruelty, by deliberately and
inhumanly augmenting the suffering of the
any of the qualifying circumstances
victim, or outraging or scoffing at his mentioned in Art. 248; and
person or corpse. 4) That the killing is not parricide or
infanticide.
Different Penalties for Homicide and Murder
Under the Revised Penal Code, the penalty imposed for the crime of
murder is reclusion perpetua (20 years and 1 day to 40 years, but
still indivisible penalty) while for homicide, the penalty is reclusion
temporal with a duration of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years. 
Art. 255.  Infanticide. — The penalty provided for What is infanticide?
parricide in Article rt.246
255.and for murder in penalty
 Infanticide. — The Article provided for parricide
248 shall be imposedinupon any246
Article person
and who shall kill
for murder in Article 248 shall isbethe killing of a child less
Infanticide
any child less imposedthan upon threeanydays
person who
of shall
age.kill any child less
than 3 than
days old (72 hours).
three days of age.
If the crime penalized in this article be committed by
If the crime penalized in this article be committed by the
the mother of the child for the purpose of concealing Elements of Infanticide:
mother of the child for the purpose of concealing her
her dishonor, she shall suffer she
dishonor, the penalty of prision
shall suffer the penalty1.A child was killed;
of prision
correccional in its medium andinmaximum
correccional its mediumperiods,
and maximum2.The deceased
periods, and if child was less than 3
and if said crime be said
committed forcommitted
crime be for the same days
the same purpose old; by the
purpose
by the maternal grandparents or either of
maternal grandparents or them, 3.Accused
thethem, the
either of killed said child.
penalty shall
penalty shall be be prision
prisionmayor. (Revised
mayor. (Revised PenalPenalCode)
Code)
Abortion vs. Infanticide

● The victim in abortion is still a fetus which is not

rt. 255.  Infanticide. — The penalty provided for parricide
yet viable (fully developed,
in Article 246 that
and is,
for itmurder
can insustain an shall be
Article 248
independent life). In infanticide,
imposed the victim
upon any person who shallis
killalready
any child less than
three days of age.
viable. 
If the crime penalized in this article be committed by the
mother of the child for the purpose of concealing her
dishonor, she shall suffer the penalty of prision
● If the fetus had correccional
an intra-uterine life and
in its medium of maximum
less than 7 and if
periods,
months and it wassaiddestroyed
crime be committed
within for
24the same after
hours purpose by the
maternal grandparents or either of them, the penalty shall
its complete separation from the womb,
be prision mayor. (Revised Penal Code) it is still
abortion. (Leonor D. Boado, Notes and Cases on the
Revised Penal Code, 2004 ed.)
Abortion vs. Infanticide

● The victim in abortion is still a fetus which is not

rt. 255.  Infanticide. — The penalty provided for parricide
yet viable (fully developed,
in Article 246 that
and is,
for itmurder
can insustain an shall be
Article 248
independent life). In infanticide,
imposed the victim
upon any person who shallis
killalready
any child less than
three days of age.
viable. 
If the crime penalized in this article be committed by the
mother of the child for the purpose of concealing her
dishonor, she shall suffer the penalty of prision
● If the fetus had correccional
an intra-uterine life and
in its medium of maximum
less than 7 and if
periods,
months and it wassaiddestroyed
crime be committed
within for
24the same after
hours purpose by the
maternal grandparents or either of them, the penalty shall
its complete separation from the womb,
be prision mayor. (Revised Penal Code) it is still
abortion. (Leonor D. Boado, Notes and Cases on the
Revised Penal Code, 2004 ed.)
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

The term parricide is defined as the murder of a close

relative. Some may confuse “parricide” with “patricide,” but
the latter term refers only to the murder of one’s father. The
term “parricide,” on the other hand, is used to define the
murder of one’s parents, siblings, or another close relative.
Those who engage in parricide often do so due to mental
illness, or a history of abuse. To explore this concept, consider
the following parricide definition.
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Corpus delicti- refers to the facts which prove a body of

crime. This would establish that crime was committed.
Ex. The dead body in cases involving homicide, murder,
parricide and infanticide; the proof that an object was stolen
or lost in case of theft and robbery; the burn materials in arson
cases and the likes
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Murder- suicide

A murder-suicide is when a person kills members of

their family before taking their own life, or where an
individual murders a number of people in a public place,
such as a school, before taking their own life.
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Photography is extremely important to crime scene

investigation because it establishes what the crime
scene looked like at the time that investigators got
there. This is extremely important for helping
investigators to truly understand what the crime scene
looked like in its totality.

To accomplish this, all crime scene photography

consists of three basic types of photographs: overall,
mid-range, and close-up
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
Sketching- potraying the scene of the crime and items within the crime scene
that are of interest of investigation.

Crime-scene sketch- is prepared indicating the actual measurement of things

with scale and proportion observed and oriented to the north pole. All necessary
information is place in the sketch.

Rough sketch- this is through draft or outline made by the investigator at the
crime scene where in no scale and proportion is required and approximation is
resorted to. This would serve as basis of the finished diagram.
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Court proceedings means any

court proceeding conducted
during the course of the
prosecution of a crime
committed against a child victim,
including pretrial hearings, trial,
sentencing, or appellate
proceedings.
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Arrest- is taking of a person into a

custody in order that he may be
brought to answer for the
commission of an offense in court
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Prosecution-
It is empowered to investigate and prosecute
all crimes described by the Revised Penal
Code (RPC), investigate administrative cases
against its own officers, prepare legal opinions
or queries about violations of the RPC and other
laws, and to review appeals to resolutions of
cases by prosecutors
 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

A conviction is an adjudication of a criminal

defendant's guilt; specifically, it is the act or
judicial process of finding a criminal defendant
guilty of a charged offense.

At the end of a criminal trial, a finding by a

judge or jury that a defendant is not guilty. An
acquittal signifies that a prosecutor failed to
prove his or her case beyond a reasonable
doubt, not that a defendant is innocent.
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
Appeal is a resort to a superior court to renew
the decision of an inferior court or
administrative agency. The party who takes an
appeal from one court to another is called the
appellant, while the party against whom the
appeal is taken is called the appellee.

Take note: Appeal is not a part of a due process.

It is constitutional right.
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
 Special Crime Investigation
 First responders or any authority who arrived first at the crime
scene are responsible to the following:

1.Preserve life and identify the suspect/s;

2.Locate (if evaded) the suspect;
3.Secure witnesses;
4.Preserve the integrity of the crime scene’s physical
boundaries; and
5.Reconstruct the Crime Scene- refers to use of physical
evidences, scientific method, deductive reasoning or logic and
their interrelationship to acquire definite and clear knowledge of
the series of the crime scene.
PRESERVATION OF THE INTEGRITY OF CRIME
SCENE
PRESERVATION OF THE INTEGRITY OF CRIME
SCENE

CORDON
The purpose of a police cordon is to
provide a highly visible barrier to serve
as a deterent for any person without
authorised access to the scene of crime.
It helps protect the scene against
potential damage and contamination.
 PRESERVATION OF THE INTEGRITY OF CRIME
SCENE
PNP Criminal Investigation
Manual provides that
the Scene of Crime
Operation (SOCO)
specialists of the Crime
Laboratory shall be
requested in cases where the
crime scene needs special
processing due to its
significance or because of its
sensational nature.
PRESERVATION OF THE INTEGRITY OF CRIME
SCENE

CORDON
The purpose of a police cordon is to
provide a highly visible barrier to serve
as a deterent for any person without
authorised access to the scene of crime.
It helps protect the scene against
potential damage and contamination.