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Population Sampling

1. The sample size needed is 384 based on the population of 3,525 and margin of error of 5%. Group A's sample size is 194, Group B's is 78, and Group C's is 80. 2. The median of the number set is 85, the mean is 85.08, and the mode is 91.

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Kayezel Polborido
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49 views18 pages

Population Sampling

1. The sample size needed is 384 based on the population of 3,525 and margin of error of 5%. Group A's sample size is 194, Group B's is 78, and Group C's is 80. 2. The median of the number set is 85, the mean is 85.08, and the mode is 91.

Uploaded by

Kayezel Polborido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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P O P U L AT I O N

SAMPLING
AND
MEASURE OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY

By: Adrian Plenago


Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics
that involves the collection, description,
analysis, and inference of conclusions from
quantitative data. The mathematical theories
behind statistics rely heavily on differential and
integral calculus, linear algebra, and probability
What is Statistics theory.

Statisticians, people who do statistics, are


particularly concerned with determining how to
draw reliable conclusions about large groups and
general events from the behavior and other
observable characteristics of small samples.
These small samples represent a portion of the
large group or a limited number of instances of a
general phenomenon.
Population
-A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions
about.

Population VS
Sample Sample
-A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from. The
size of the sample is always less than the total size of the population.

In research, a population doesn’t always refer to people.


It can mean a group containing elements of anything you
want to study, such as objects, events, organizations,
countries, species, organisms, etc.
P O P U L AT I O N V S
SAMPLE
Sampling Method
Reasons for sampling

Necessity: Sometimes it’s simply not possible to study the whole population due to its size or
inaccessibility.

Practicality: It’s easier and more efficient to collect data from a sample.

Cost-effectiveness: There are fewer participant, laboratory, equipment, and researcher costs
involved.

Manageability: Storing and running statistical analyses on smaller datasets is easier and
reliable.
Simple random sampling

In a simple random sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of
being selected. Your sampling frame should include the whole population.

To conduct this type of sampling, you can use tools like random number generators or
other techniques that are based entirely on chance.

Systematic sampling

Systematic sampling is like simple random sampling, but it is usually slightly easier to
conduct. Every member of the population is listed with a number, but instead of

Sampling Methods randomly generating numbers, individuals are chosen at regular intervals.

Stratified sampling

Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subpopulations that may
differ in important ways. It allows you draw more precise conclusions by ensuring that
every subgroup is properly represented in the sample.

Cluster sampling

Cluster sampling also involves dividing the population into subgroups, but each
subgroup should have similar characteristics to the whole sample. Instead of sampling
individuals from each subgroup, you randomly select entire subgroups.
Convenience sampling

A convenience sample simply includes the individuals who happen to be most accessible
to the researcher.

This is an easy and inexpensive way to gather initial data, but there is no way to tell if
the sample is representative of the population, so it can’t produce generalizable results.

Voluntary response sampling

Non-probability Like a convenience sample, a voluntary response sample is mainly based on ease of
access. Instead of the researcher choosing participants and directly contacting them,
people volunteer themselves (e.g., by responding to a public online survey).

sampling methods Voluntary response samples are always at least somewhat biased, as some people will
inherently be more likely to volunteer than others.

Purposive sampling

This type of sampling, also known as judgement sampling, involves the researcher using
their expertise to select a sample that is most useful to the purposes of the research.

It is often used in qualitative research, where the researcher wants to gain detailed
knowledge about a specific phenomenon rather than make statistical inferences, or where
the population is very small and specific. An effective purposive sample must have clear
criteria and rationale for inclusion. Always make sure to describe your inclusion and
exclusion criteria.

Snowball sampling

If the population is hard to access, snowball sampling can be used to recruit participants
via other participants. The number of people you have access to “snowballs” as you
contact more people.
Example #1
Find the sample size of the respondents if
their population is 1500 and the margin of
error is 5%
N=1500
n=?
e=0.05
Example #2
Find the sample size base on the table
given below.

sectio populati % Sampl


n on e size

A 500
B 260
C 370
e=0.2 N= n=
5
T-test

Z-test
Common
Statistical Pearson-R

Methods Spearman's rho

Chi-Square

Measure of Central Tendency


Measure of Central Tendency (ungrouped data)
• Mean
The mean is the arithmetic average, and it is probably the measure of central tendency that you
are most familiar. Calculating the mean is very simple. You just add up all of the values and
divide by the number of observations in your dataset.
Measure of Central Tendency (ungrouped data)
• Median
The median is the middle value. It is the value that splits the dataset in half, making it a natural
measure of central tendency.
To find the median, order your data from smallest to largest, and then find the data point that has
an equal number of values above it and below it. The method for locating the median varies
slightly depending on whether your dataset has an even or odd number of values. I’ll show you
how to find the median for both cases. In the examples below, I use whole numbers for
simplicity, but you can have decimal places.
Measure of Central Tendency (ungrouped data)
• Mode
The mode is the value that occurs the most frequently in your data set, making it a different type
of measure of central tendency than the mean or median.
To find the mode, sort the values in your dataset by numeric values or by categories. Then
identify the value that occurs most often.
ASS. #1
1. Find the sample size of the respondent if the population is 3,525. using the table find the
sample size of each group in respect to their population.
Population Percentage Sample size
(%)
Group A 1944
Group B 780
Group C 801
e=0.05 N=3,525 100% n=

2. Using the sets of numbers given to find the median, mean and mode.
80,89, 80, 95, 91, 91, 85, 86, 78, 75, 90,
79

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