ANATOMY
ANATOMY
ANATOMY
SKELETAL
SMOOTH
CARDIAC
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that can
be consciously controlled.
They are attached to bones, and contracting the
muscles causes movement of those bones.
Any action that a person consciously
undertakes involves the use of skeletal muscles.
Examples of such activities include running,
chewing, and writing.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Smooth muscle lines the inside of blood
vessels and organs, such as the stomach,
and is also known as visceral muscle.
It is the weakest type of muscle but has
an essential role in moving food along
the digestive tract and maintaining blood
circulation through the blood vessels.
Smooth muscle acts involuntarily and
cannot be consciously controlled.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Located only in the heart, cardiac
muscle pumps blood around the body.
Cardiac muscle stimulates its own
contractions that form our heartbeat.
Signals from the nervous system
control the rate of contraction.
This type of muscle is strong and acts
involuntarily.
MAIN FUNCTIONS
OF MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
1. MOBILITY
2. STABILITY
3. POSTURE
4. CIRCULATION
5. RESPIRATION
6. DIGESTION
1. MOBILITY
•The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they contribute
to gross and fine movement.
• Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes:
walking
running
swimming
• Fine movement involves smaller movements, such as:
writing
speaking
facial expressions
•The smaller skeletal muscles are usually responsible for this type of action.
•Most muscle movement of the body is under conscious control. However, some movements are
reflexive, such as withdrawing a hand from a source of heat.
2. STABILITY
• Muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint
stability. Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder
joint are crucial in stabilization.
• The core muscles are those in the abdomen, back, and pelvis,
and they also stabilize the body and assist in tasks, such as
lifting weights.
3. POSTURE
• Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position when
someone is sitting or standing. This is known as posture.
• Good posture relies on strong, flexible muscles. Stiff, weak, or tight
muscles contribute to poor posture and misalignment of the body.
• Long-term, bad posture leads to joint and muscle pain in the shoulders,
back, neck, and elsewhere.
4. CIRCULATION
• The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. The
movement of the heart is outside of conscious control, and it contracts
automatically when stimulated by electrical signals.
• Smooth muscle in the arteries and veins plays a further role in the
circulation of blood around the body. These muscles maintain
blood pressure and circulation in the event of blood loss or
dehydration.
• They expand to increase blood flow during times of intense exercise
when the body requires more oxygen.
5. RESPIRATION
• Breathing involves the use of the diaphragm muscle.
• The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs.
When the diaphragm contracts, it pushes downward, causing the chest
cavity to get bigger. The lungs then fill with air. When the diaphragm
muscle relaxes, it pushes air out of the lungs.
• When someone wants to breath more deeply, it requires help from
other muscles, including those in the abdomen, back, and neck.
6. DIGESTION
• Smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal or GI tract control digestion. The GI
tract stretches from the mouth to the anus.
• Food moves through the digestive system with a wave-like motion called
peristalsis. Muscles in the walls of the hollow organs contract and relax to
cause this movement, which pushes food through the esophagus into the
stomach.
• The upper muscle in the stomach relaxes to allow food to enter, while the
lower muscles mix food particles with stomach acid and enzymes.
• The digested food moves from the stomach to the intestines by peristalsis.
From here, more muscles contract to pass the food out of the body as stool.
7. URINATION
• The urinary system comprises both smooth and skeletal muscles, including those in
the:
• bladder
• kidneys
• penis or vagina
• prostate
• ureters
• urethra
• The muscles and nerves must work together to hold and release urine from the bladder.
• Urinary problems, such as poor bladder control or retention of urine, are caused by
damage to the nerves that carry signals to the muscles.
MAJOR MUSCLES
LATISSIMUS DORSI
is a broad, flat muscle that occupies
the majority of the lower posterior
thorax. The muscle's primary function
is of the upper extremity but is also
considered to be a
respiratory accessory muscle.
GLUTEUS MEDIUS