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Gis Lecture 1

This document discusses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their applications in civil engineering. It begins by defining GIS and its major components: input, hardware/software, and output. It describes different data types like points, lines, polygons, and attributes that can be mapped and analyzed spatially. Examples of civil engineering applications include transportation planning, watershed analysis, remote sensing, location-allocation problems, slope stability analysis, and using GIS for emergency operations and monitoring land use/water quality over time. Overall, the document outlines the basics of GIS and highlights how spatial data and analysis can provide synergies for solving various civil engineering problems.

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49 views36 pages

Gis Lecture 1

This document discusses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their applications in civil engineering. It begins by defining GIS and its major components: input, hardware/software, and output. It describes different data types like points, lines, polygons, and attributes that can be mapped and analyzed spatially. Examples of civil engineering applications include transportation planning, watershed analysis, remote sensing, location-allocation problems, slope stability analysis, and using GIS for emergency operations and monitoring land use/water quality over time. Overall, the document outlines the basics of GIS and highlights how spatial data and analysis can provide synergies for solving various civil engineering problems.

Uploaded by

JB RSNJN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GIS Applications in

Civil Engineering
Janice B. Jamora
Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering
What is GIS?
• G I S stands for Geographic Information Systems

• Geo- is a prefix derived from the Greek word γη or γαια, meaning "earth",
usually in the sense of "ground or land”
• Graphic- is the art or science of drawing a representation of an object on a
two-dimensional surface according to mathematical rules of projection.
• Information- is the set of data obtained from investigation, study or instruction
that has been organized for direct utilization
• Systems- collection of elements or components that are organized for a
common purpose. 
Geographic Information Systems
• A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for
capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions
on Earth’s surface.
Three major components of a GIS

(1) Input

(2) Computer hardware and


software

(3) Output
GIS can show
many
different
kinds of data
on one map
Types of Data
• ELEMENTS are depicted mathematically in the GIS as either points,
lines, or polygons that are referenced geographically (or geocoded) to
some type of coordinate system.
• ATTRIBUTES are pieces of data that are connected or related to the
points, lines, or polygons mapped in the GIS.
Difference between element and attribute

Distribution of earthquake events that have occurred Earthquake events organized according to depth (yellow
over the last century. (shallow) = surface to 25 kilometers below the surface, red
(intermediate) = 26 to 75 kilometers below the surface, and
black (deep) = 76 to 660 kilometers below the surface).
Civil Engineering Applications
• Transportation
• Watershed Analysis
• Remote Sensing
Location - Allocation
• Finding a subset of locations from a set of potential or candidate
locations that best serve some existing demand so as to minimize cost
• Locate sites to best serve allocated demand
• Application areas are warehouse location, fast food locations, fire
stations, schools
Location – Allocation Inputs
• Customer or demand locations
• Potential site locations and/or existing facilities
• Street network or Euclidean distance
• The problem to solve
Location – Allocation Outputs
• The best sites
• The optimal allocation of demand locations to those sites
• Lots of statistical and summary information about that particular
allocation
Synergy between spatial data and analysis
• Imagine you are a national retailer
• You need warehouses to supply your outlets
• You do not wish the warehouses to be more than 1000 km from any
outlet
Other Transportation Applications
• Planning and locating new roadway corridors
Transportation – Emergency Operations
• Transportation maps are
critical
• Disaster response plans
can be developed
• Outside computer models
used for advances
warnings
• Land use maps enhance
emergency operations
Watershed Characterization
• Relate physical characteristics to
water quality and quantity
• Data – land use and land cover,
geology, soils, hydrography and
topography – related to
hydrological properties
Watershed Applications
• Estimate the magnitude of high-
flow events, the probability of
low-flow events
• Determine flood zones
• Identify high-potential erosion
areas
• For example, BASINS, HEC-
RAS, MIKE11 models integrated
with GIS
Slope Stability Analysis
• Derive physical characteristics
• Area, perimeter, flow path length,
maximum width, average closing
angle, watershed topology, soil
data
• Derive watershed characteristics
• Watershed boundaries, drainage
network, slope and aspect maps
Remote Sensing
• Image backdrop
• Source of information on:
• Land use/land cover
• Vegetation type, distribution,
condition
• Surface waters
• River networks
• Geomorphology
• Monitor change
Land Use Map
Water Quality
Homework
• Make an outline of the history of • For next meeting, bring printed
GIS in MSPpt using one slide. copy of laboratory exercise 1.
• Submit a journal article in pdf
format that is an example of a GIS
application in civil engineering.
• Write a 500-word synthesis about
the article in MSWord.
• Submit on or before Monday 12
noon at CE3212Lgr#@gmail.com
• # -2,3,4,5,6 or 7

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