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Link Budget Analysis

A link budget is used to predict the performance of a radio system before it is established. It determines system capabilities under different operating conditions based on specified data rates, ranges, and bit error rates. A link budget calculates expected received signal levels based on transmitter power, antenna gains, cable and path losses to determine if a link will be acceptable and provide enough margin between the received level and sensitivity. An example is provided of calculating the feasibility of a 5km link between an access point and client radio based on their transmitter powers, antenna gains, cable losses, and free space path loss over distance. Link budget is important to show in advance if a link will work and evaluate actual performance against expectations.

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Elisha Ndhlovu
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213 views14 pages

Link Budget Analysis

A link budget is used to predict the performance of a radio system before it is established. It determines system capabilities under different operating conditions based on specified data rates, ranges, and bit error rates. A link budget calculates expected received signal levels based on transmitter power, antenna gains, cable and path losses to determine if a link will be acceptable and provide enough margin between the received level and sensitivity. An example is provided of calculating the feasibility of a 5km link between an access point and client radio based on their transmitter powers, antenna gains, cable losses, and free space path loss over distance. Link budget is important to show in advance if a link will work and evaluate actual performance against expectations.

Uploaded by

Elisha Ndhlovu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Link Budget Analysis

What Is a Link Budget

 Signal power plan for a radio system


 The link budget is used to determine system
capabilities under a range of operating conditions for
the specified data rates, ranges and bit error rate
Why is a Link Budget Important

• A link budget is used to predict performance


before the link is established.
– Show in advance if it will be acceptable
– Show if one option is better than another
– Provide a criterion to evaluate actual
performance
Free space loss
‣ Signal power is diminished by geometric spreading of the
wavefront, commonly known as Free Space Loss.
‣ The power of the signal is spread over a wave front, the area
of which increases as the distance from the transmitter
increases. Therefore, the power density diminishes.

Figure from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_square 4


Power in a wireless system

5
Example link budget calculation
Let’s estimate the feasibility of a 5 km link, with one access
point and one client radio.

The access point is connected to an antenna with 10 dBi gain,


with a transmitting power of 20 dBm and a receive sensitivity
of -89 dBm.

The client is connected to an antenna with 14 dBi gain, with a


transmitting power of 15 dBm and a receive sensitivity of -82
dBm.

The cables in both systems are short, with a loss of 2dB at


each side at the 2.4 GHz frequency of operation.
6
AP to Client link

+10 dBi +14 dBi


+20 dBm

-2 dB -114 dB @ 5 km -2 dB

???

-82 dBm

7
Link budget: AP to Client link

20 dBm (TX Power AP)


+ 10 dBi (Antenna Gain AP)
- 2 dB (Cable Losses AP)
+ 14 dBi (Antenna Gain Client)
- 2 dB (Cable Losses Client)

40 dB Total Gain
-114 dB (free space loss @5 km)

-73 dBm (expected received signal level)


--82 dBm (sensitivity of Client)

8 dB (link margin)

8
LOS Path Loss at 60 GHz

• For LOS conditions path loss is mainly governed by the free-space


propagation formula.. For distances up to 10m, for LOS conditions,
it seems like a reasonable assumption (Friis formula):

= () dB
• At 1m distance path loss is 68 dB and at 10m distance the path loss is
88 dB.
Wireless link
Wireless Link
Link budget
‣ The performance of any communication link depends on the quality
of the equipment being used.
‣ Link budget is a way of quantifying the link performance.
‣ If that power, minus the free space loss of the link path, is greater
than the minimum received signal level of the receiving radio, then a
link is possible.
‣ The difference between the minimum received signal level and the
actual received power is called the link margin.
‣ The link margin must be positive, and should be maximized (should
be at least 10dB or more for reliable links).

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References

1.Millimeter Wave Communication Systems By Kao-Cheng


Huang, Zhaocheng Wang
2. 60GHz Technology for Gbps WLAN and WPAN: From
Theory to Practice By Su-Khiong Yong, Pengfei Xia,
Alberto Valdes-Garcia
Thank you for your attention

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