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    7.coupled SHM

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    gusvani aulia putri
    The document describes coupled oscillators whose motions are described by coupled differential equations. It shows that the coupled motions can be expressed as normal modes, where the oscillators move with the same frequency. There are two normal modes, one where the oscillators move in phase and one where they move out of phase. The normal mode frequencies depend on the mass and spring coupling between the oscillators.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    7.coupled SHM

    Uploaded by

    gusvani aulia putri
    19 views11 pages
    The document describes coupled oscillators whose motions are described by coupled differential equations. It shows that the coupled motions can be expressed as normal modes, where the oscillators move with the same frequency. There are two normal modes, one where the oscillators move in phase and one where they move out of phase. The normal mode frequencies depend on the mass and spring coupling between the oscillators.

    Original Title

    7.Coupled SHM

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    The document describes coupled oscillators whose motions are described by coupled differential equations. It shows that the coupled motions can be expressed as normal modes, where the oscillators move with the same frequency. There are two normal modes, one where the oscillators move in phase and one where they move out of phase. The normal mode frequencies depend on the mass and spring coupling between the oscillators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    19 views11 pages

    7.coupled SHM

    Uploaded by

    gusvani aulia putri
    The document describes coupled oscillators whose motions are described by coupled differential equations. It shows that the coupled motions can be expressed as normal modes, where the oscillators move with the same frequency. There are two normal modes, one where the oscillators move in phase and one where they move out of phase. The normal mode frequencies depend on the mass and spring coupling between the oscillators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    7.

    Coupled Oscillators
    Fa  mxa
    L L
    mg
     xa  k xa  xb  D   mxa
    L

    ..
    Fb  mxb  D 
    ..
    a k b mg
    m m
     xb  D   k xb  D   xa   mxb  D 
    L
    D coupled equations of motion

    0 x
    Normal Modes : motions where all bodies move at the same frequency.

    mg
    Sum:  xa  k xa  xb  D   mxa
    L
    mg ..
     xb  D   k xb  D   xa   mxb  D 
    + L
    ..
    mg
     xa  xb  D  -0  mxa  xb  D 
    L
    qa b  xa  xb  D  g
    Normal Coordinate 1: Normal Frequency 1: a b 
    L
    mg
    Difference:  xa  k xa  xb  D   mxa
    L
    ..
    mg
     xb  D   k xb  D   xa   mxb  D 
    L
    mg
     xa  xb  D   k 2 xa  2xb  D   mxa  xb  D 
    L
    g 2k
     xa  xb  D   xa  xb  D   xa  xb  D
     
    L m

     g 2k 
       xa  xb  D   xa  xb  D
     
    L m 

    Normal Coordinate 2: qa b  xa  xb  D 

    g 2k
    Normal Frequency 2:  a b  
    L m
    Normal Mode Solutions :

     g    g 2k  
    qa  b  Aa b cos t  a b  qa  b  Aa b cos   t  a b 
     L   L m  
    “Abnormal” motion:

    Initial Conditions:

    qa b  D  A0 qa b   D  A0 q a b  0 q a b  0

    g
     Aa b sin a b   0
    L
    a b  0
    D Ao Aa b cos0   D  A0
    0 x Aa b  D  A0
    similarly…

    qa b  D  A0 cosa bt  qa b  D  A0 cosa b t 

    Switch back to xa and xb:

    qa  b  qa b qa  b  qa  b
    xa  xb  D
    2 2

    D  A0
    xa  cosa bt   cosa bt 
    2

      ab  ab   ab  ab 


    xa  D  A0 sin  t  sin  t 
      2   2 

    xb also beats
    k m k m k

    0 x
    x1 x2
    mx1   kx1  k x1  x2 
    Equations of motion
    mx2   kx2  k x2  x1 

    x1 t   A1e jt
    Look for Normal Modes!
    x2 t   A2 e jt

      2 mA1e jt  2kA1e jt  kA2 e jt


    Plug in….
      2 mA2 e jt  2kA2 e jt  kA1e jt
    Simplify and  m  2k A  kA  0
    2
    1 2
    group by A’s
    kA   m  2k A  0
    1
    2
    2

    Matrix  2 m  2k k  A1 
    representation  2  A   0
     k  m  2k  2 

    True if the Determinant is 0:

    a b 
    det    ad  cb
    c d 
     m  2k 
    2 2
     k2  0

     m  2k   k
    2

    2k  k
    2 
    m

    k 3k Normal Mode
        frequencies
    m m

    
    0 0
    
    Each Normal Mode puts a
    condition on the amplitude
    ratio:

    k 3k
       
    m m

     k k  A1  k k  A1 
    k   0 k   0
      k  A2   k  A2 

     kA1  kA2  0 kA1  kA2  0

    A1  A2 A1   A2
    Larger N: www.falstad.com/coupled

    Oscillators which exchange energy are coupled,


    and their equations of motion are coupled.
    Their complex motion can be described simply
    in terms of normal modes in which all bodies
    oscillate with the same frequency.

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