Gec-102 Chapter10 Pugadlawwain Balintawak or Bahaytoro

PUGADLAWIN,
BALINTAWAK OR
BAHAY TORO?
CHAPTER 10
BALINTAWAK: THE CRY FOR
NATIONWIDE REVOLUTION
Written by Milagros C. Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion,
and Ramon N. Villegas on June 6, 2003
In nineteenth century journalists used the phrase “ el grito

de rebellion” or “ the Cry of Rebellion”
In August 1892, Northeast of Manila, Filipinos similarly

declared their rebellion against the Spanish government.
A. RAGING CONTROVERSY
WHAT IS FIRST CRY?
“cry”
 The term “cry” is translated from the Spanish el grito de rebellion or
el grito for short which means ‘cry for rebellion
“The first cry”
 The ‘first cry’ is generally signed as the ‘first call for rebellion’. It is
marked as the beginning of the Philippines revolution or seeking independence
for the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule with the use of violence and arms
 On point of the Cries is the Cry of Montalban on April 1895 in the

Pamitinan Caves where a group of Katipuneros wrote on the walls, “Viva
la Indepencia Filipina!”
 The Historian Teodoro Agoncillo emphasized Bonifacio’s tearing of the

cedula but Guardia Civil Manuel Sityar never mentioned the event in his
memoirs but did note the pacto de sangre ( Blood pact)
 On point of the Cries is the Cry of Montalban on April 1895 in the
Pamitinan Caves where a group of Katipuneros wrote on the walls, “Viva
la Indepencia Filipina!”
 The Historian Teodoro Agoncillo emphasized Bonifacio’s tearing of the

cedula but Guardia Civil Manuel Sityar never mentioned the event in his
memoirs but did note the pacto de sangre ( Blood pact)
Some writers consider the first military engagement with the enemy as the
defining moment of the Cry. To commemorate this martial event upon his
return from exile in Hongkong, Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a “Himno de
Balintawak”.
 On September 1911, a monument to the Heroes of 1896 was erected in what is
now the intersection of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and Andres Bonifacio Drive-
North Diversion Road. It is not clear why 1911 monument was erected there. The
question is, where and when did the “Cry” happened?
It is quite clear that first, eye witnesses cited in Balintawak as the better known
reference point for a larger area. Second, while Katipunan may have been massing in
Kangkong, the revolution was formally launched elsewhere . Moreover, eyewitness
and therefore historians disagreed on the site and date of the Cry.
In 1970, the historian Pedro A. Gagelonia pointed out:
The controversy among historians continues to the present day. The “Cry of Pugad
Lawin” (August 23, 1896) cannot be accepted as historically accurate. It lacks positive
documentation and supporting evidence from the witness. The testimony of only one
eyewitness (Dr. Pio Valenzuela) is not enough to authenticate and verify a controversial
issue in history.
B. Conflicting Accounts
Was there a meeting at Pugad Lawin on 23 August 1896, after the meeting at
Apolonios Samson’s residence in Hongkong? Where were the cedulas torn, at
Kangkong or Pugad Lawin?
 In September 1896, Valenzuela stated before the Olive Court, which was charged
with investigating persons involved in the rebellion, only that Katipunan meetings
took place from Sunday to Tuesday or 23 to 25 August at Balintawak.
 In 1911, Valenzuela averred that the Katipunan began meeting on August 22 while
the Cry took place on August 23 at Apolonio Samson’s house in Balintawak.
 From 1928 to 1940, Valenzuela maintained that the Cry happened on August
24 at the house of Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora) in Pugad Lawin.
 In 1935 Valenzuela, Pantas and Pacheco proclaimed, “ The first Cry of
the revolution did not happen in Balintawak where the monument is, but in
a place called Pugad Lawin.”
 In 1940, research team of the Philippine Historical Committee (NHI),

which included Pio Valenzuela, identified the precise spot of Pugad Lawin
as part of Gulod, Banlat, Kalookan City.
 In 1963 upon the NHI endorsement, President Diosdado Macapagal

ordered that the Cry be celebrated on 23 August and that Pugad Lawin be
recognized as its site.
 John N. Schrumacher S.J. of Ateneo de Manila University was to

comment on Pio Valenzuela’s credibility.
C. The Pugad Lawin Marker
 In the account of Teodoro Agoncillo in Revolt of the Masses (1956), he mentioned

that it was in Pugad Lawin, where they proceeded upon leaving Samson’s place in
the afternoon of the 22nd that the more than 1000 members of the Katipunan met in
the yard of Juan Ramos, in the morning of August 23.
 Macapagal ordered that the Cry of Balintawak is called the “The Cry of Pugad
Lawin,” and that it be celebrated on 23 August instead of 26 August.
 In 1911 monument in Balintawak was later removed from the highway. Students
saved the monument and later moved it to the front of Vinzons Hall in the Diliman
campus of UP on November 1968.
 In 1962, Teodoro Agoncillo, together with the UP Students Council, placed a marker
at the Pugad Lawin site.
 On June 30 1983, Quezon City Mayor Adelina S. Rodriguez created the Pugad Lawin
Historical Committee to determine the location of Juan Ramos’s 1896 residence at
Pugad Lawin.
The NHI files on the committee’s findings show the following:

• In August 1983, Pugad Lawin in Barangay Bahay Toro was inhabited
squatter colonies.
• There was an old Dap-dap Tree at the site when the NHI conducted
its survey in 1983.
• Pio Valenzuela, the main proponent of the “Pugad Lawin” version, was dead at
the time the committee conducted the research.
• Teodoro Agoncillo tried to locate the marker installed in August 1962 by the UP
Student Council. However, was no longer extant in 1983.
D. Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin (1896)
The place name “Pugad Lawin”, however, is

problematic. In History of the Katipunan
(1939), Zaide records Valenzuela’s mention
of the site in a footnote.
E. Cartographic Changes
In 1897, the Spanish historian Sastron mentioned Kalookan,

Balintawak, Banlat and Pasong Tamo. The names mentioned in some
revolutionary sources and interpretation were not identified as barrios.
Even detailed Spanish and American maps mark only Kalookan and
Balintawak.
Writer and linguist Sofronio Calderon, conducting research in the late

1920 on the toponym “Pugad Lawin,” went through the municipal
records and the Census of 1903 and 1918, but could not find the name
and concluded that there was no Pugad Lawin in Kalookan.
F. Determining the Date
The official stand of NHI is that the cry took place

on 23 August 1896.
The later accounts of Pio Valenzuela and

Guillermo Masangkay on the tearing of cedulas on
23 August are basically in agreement, but conflict
with each other on location
G. The Turning Point
The Cry must be defined as the turning point when the Filipinos finally
rejected Spanish colonial dominion over the Philippine Islands.
Where did this take place?
The introduction to the original Tagalog text of the Biyak na Bato

Constitution states:
Ang paghihiwalay ng Filipinas sa kahariang Espanya sa

pagtatag ng isang bayang may sariling pamamahala’t kapangyarihan na
pangangalang “Republika ng Filipinas” ay siyang layong inadhika niyaring
Paghihimagsik na
kasalukuyan, simula pa ng ika- 24 ng Agosto ng taong 1896…
“THE FIRST CRY
HAPPENED IN PUGAD
LAWIN”
1. DR. PIO VALENZUELA
( THE CRY OF PUGAD LAWIS)
 A Filipino physician and revolutionary leader
 At the age of 23 he joined the katipunan and become

one of the officials
 He was also a friend of Andres Bonifacio
• First version: Pugad Lawin on

Wednesday of August 26, 1896  DR. PIO VALENZUELA was the only eye witness who
accounted that the cry happened in Pugad Lawin
• Second version: Pugad Lawin on
August 23, 1896  Teodoro Agoncillio “Revolt of the Masses (1956)
• National Historical Commission -Pugad  Agoncillo used his considerable influence and
Lawin on Aug. 23, 1896 campaigned to change the date and venue of the first
cry to Pugad Lawin, August 23, 1897
“THE FIRST CRY
HAPPENED IN
BALINTWAK”
1. GEN. GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
( THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK)
 Acc. To Dr. Milagros Guerrero, Ramon, Villegas, and Emmanuel Encarnation stated
that all these mentioned places are part of Balintawak, and Quezon city during the
Spanish regime is still not an existing place
 Guillermo Masangkay is an eyewitness of the historic event
• Events according to Masangkay
1. August 26th (1896 meeting held in Balintawak at the house of Apolonio Samson. Among those
who attended were Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Aguedo del Rosario.
2. 9:00 am August 26th meeting was opened with Andres Bonifacio presiding and Emilio Jacinto
acting as secretary. The purpose was to discuss when the uprising was to take place.
3. Andres Bonifacio argues with the other leaders about starting the revolt too early and leaves.
4. Andres Bonifacio upon leaving the meeting gave a fiery speech and the people shouted
“REVOLT”
5. After the speech, they all tear their cedulas (tax certificates).
6. After the pledge and tearing of cedulas, Andres Bonifacio returns

to the session hall and informs the leaders of what took place
outside.
7. Despite their differences, they all voted for revolution, and

outside, the people shouted “Long live the Philippines Republic!”
8. At 5:00 pm while the gathering at Balintawak was celebrating

guards up in the trees gave a warning that the Spaniards were
coming. Andres Bonifacio then led them to prepare for the attack
by the civil guards.
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PUGADLAWIN,

In nineteenth century journalists used the phrase “ el grito

In August 1892, Northeast of Manila, Filipinos similarly

 On point of the Cries is the Cry of Montalban on April 1895 in the

 The Historian Teodoro Agoncillo emphasized Bonifacio’s tearing of the

 The Historian Teodoro Agoncillo emphasized Bonifacio’s tearing of the

In 1970, the historian Pedro A. Gagelonia pointed out:

 In 1940, research team of the Philippine Historical Committee (NHI),

 In 1963 upon the NHI endorsement, President Diosdado Macapagal

 John N. Schrumacher S.J. of Ateneo de Manila University was to

 In the account of Teodoro Agoncillo in Revolt of the Masses (1956), he mentioned

The NHI files on the committee’s findings show the following:

The place name “Pugad Lawin”, however, is

In 1897, the Spanish historian Sastron mentioned Kalookan,

Writer and linguist Sofronio Calderon, conducting research in the late

The official stand of NHI is that the cry took place

The later accounts of Pio Valenzuela and

Where did this take place?

The introduction to the original Tagalog text of the Biyak na Bato

Ang paghihiwalay ng Filipinas sa kahariang Espanya sa

 A Filipino physician and revolutionary leader

 At the age of 23 he joined the katipunan and become

 He was also a friend of Andres Bonifacio

• First version: Pugad Lawin on

 Guillermo Masangkay is an eyewitness of the historic event

• Events according to Masangkay

6. After the pledge and tearing of cedulas, Andres Bonifacio returns

7. Despite their differences, they all voted for revolution, and

8. At 5:00 pm while the gathering at Balintawak was celebrating

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