ADHESIVE

SELECTION
 Most adhesives in use are actually a combination of components each designed for different
functions in the bonded joint. An adhesive can contain any number of the following components: (1)
the adhesive base or binder; (2) a hardener (for thermosetting types); (3) accelerators, inhibitors, or
retardants; (4) diluents; (5) solvents; (6) fillers; and (7) carriers or reinforcements.
 The adhesive base is generally the primary component of any adhesive and is the constituent from
which the name of the adhesive is derived. A hardener is a substance added to the adhesive that
causes a chemical reaction which cures the adhesive. Accelerators, inhibitors, and retardants control
the adhesive's rate of curing. Diluents are liquid components that are added to the adhesive to reduce
the concentration of the adhesive base. They usually reduce the viscosity of the adhesive. Solvents
are closely related in that they thin the adhesive to make it more spreadable. The difference is that
solvents disperse the adhesive base. Fillers are included in the adhesive if the adhesive properties are
insufficient alone. Often, fillers are used for reducing cost, improving structural strength,
encouraging conductivity, and other similar applications. Carriers or reinforcements are used to
support the adhesive during application or storage.
NATURAL ADHESIVES
 Natural rubber adhesive is one of the earliest substances used to bind materials. Because of its capacity to become
elastic when heated, it is one of the most popular adhesives on the market, and is typically used in bonding organic
and porous materials like leather, paper, fabrics, as well as other rubber products. Adhesive rubber also offers
water-resistant properties, flexibility, and versatility, making it a good choice for use in clothing and footwear
manufacturing, as well as for reinforcing the backing of carpets and floor rugs.
 You may wonder at first that you can even use natural rubber as glue. As a pure natural product extracted from the
milk (latex) of the rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis), this possibility exists. And although latex does not glue on the
whole, it has very unique qualities: its special chemical structure gives it outstanding components for adhesives.
 The flexibility provided by natural rubber adhesives, along with the multiple viscosities that can be formulated
using these materials, also make them ideal general-purpose adhesives.
 Adhesives manufactures a wide range of natural adhesive rubber formulations for a variety of applications.
Products include natural latex rubber for use with footwear or for bonding rubber to rubber, rubber to metal, or for
use with porous materials, such as for bonding fabric to fabric, without needing any more stitching or patching.
The water-resistant feature of our rubber adhesives also makes them a strong, flexible, and reliable choice for
heavy duty use or outdoor applications.
Item # Description

NR-1  
Black natural latex rubber designed to adhere soles of rubber boots and other rubber footwear.

NR-2 General-purpose natural rubber latex; bonds rubber to metal and a variety of other substrates.

NR-3 Specifically designed to reinforce the backing of carpets, but may be used as a general-purpose natural rubber latex.

NR-4 Specially formulated to bond fabric to fabric. Waterproof and machine washable, this product eliminates the need for patching fabrics. Perfect for couch repair, clothing

NR-5 General-purpose fugitive glue, available in multiple viscosities.

 Ingredients: - Heat Cured Natural Rubber Sealant
 Natural rubber,
 Calcium carbonate 
 Zinc oxide 
 Stearic acid     
 t-Butyl perbenzoate 
 Crosslinking coagent
 Magnesium oxide
 Natural Rubber Hot Melt Cable Sealant
 Styrene butadiene styrene copolymer
 Polyterpene resin tackifier
 Red iron oxide     
 Liquid natural rubber
 Antioxidant
 Properties:
 Natural rubber is highly elastic, strong, has a long fatigue life and good weather resistance. It features
excellent electrical properties, vibration absorption characteristics and withstands exposure to dilute
acids and alkali. Additionally natural rubber has superior tensile strength, abrasion/tear resistance and
is biodegradable.
 Common applications include:
 Hoses
 Bearings
 Conveyor belts
 Vibration dampers
 Footwear
 Tires
 Drive couplings
 SYNTHETIC ADHESIVES
 Synthetic rubber adhesives exhibit outstanding performance properties at room temperature but at high
temperatures they become less impact resistant. Several variants of synthetic rubber are used as raw
materials for adhesives and sealants. Significant amongst them are polychloroprene, styrene butadiene,
nitrile and polyisobutylene rubber. If their soluble types are not available they are degraded by
mastication and solubilized before suspension.
 The multi-purpose adhesive rubber formulations are used as bonding agents for many different purposes
and materials such as cloth, metals, wood, leather and much more.High quality Synthetic Rubber
Adhesives, widely acclaimed for bonding leather, rubber, synthetic fabrics, foam, upholstery, rexin and
laminates. These Synthetic Rubber Adhesives from come in several grades for various types of bonding
applications. The color of Synthetic Rubber Adhesives can be altered as per customer's demand on
minimum requirement basis depending on their specific applications
Synthetic Rubber Adhesives Are Greatly Demanded For

 High adhesive strength

 Excellent quality
 Eco-friendly
 Easy and safe to use, Affordable rates
 Heat resistant
 PVA
 Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA, PVAc, poly(ethenyl ethanoate): commonly referred to as
wood glue, white glue, carpenter's glue, school glue, or PVA glue) is an aliphatic
rubberysynthetic polymer with the formula (C4H6O2)n. It belongs to the
polyvinyl esters family, with the general formula -[RCOOCHCH2]-. It is a type of
thermoplastic.
 As an emulsion in water, PVAc emulsions are used as adhesives for porous materials,
particularly for wood, paper, and cloth, and as a consolidant for porous building
stone, in particular sandstone.
 USES
 As wood glue, PVAc is known as "white glue" and the yellow as "carpenter's glue" or PVA glue.
 As paper adhesive during paper packaging conversion
 In bookbinding and book arts, due to its flexible strong bond and non-acidic nature (unlike many
other polymers). The use of PVAc on the Archimedes Palimpsest during the 20th century greatly
hindered the task of disbinding the book and preserving and imaging the pages in the early 21st
century, in part because the glue was stronger than the parchment it held together.
 In handicrafts
 As envelope adhesive
 As wallpaper adhesive
 As a primer for drywall and other substrates
 The vinyl group comprises the reactive part of a large number of compounds that produce
thermoplastic polymers, most of which are extremely useful as adhesives. They include polyvinyl
esters, ethers and acetals, polyvinyl alcohol and polystyrene.
 The most important polyvinyl ester adhesive is polyvinyl acetate (PVA). As an adhesive, it is used in
solution, in aqueous dispersion, and by hot melt technique, in one form or another it is probably the
most widely used thermoplastic adhesive.
 Vinyl acetate is a flammable liquid made commercially from acetylene and acetic acid in the presence
of a catalyst. As the molecular weight increases the polymer ranges from a soft to a hard solid, soluble
mainly in polar organic solvents; adhesive solution are commonly made up in ketones, lower alcohols
and esters. As the molecular weight reaches the order of 100,000 the polymer becomes soluble in
toluene.
 By the most important form in which the adhesive is used is the aqueous dispersion, made by
the important industrial process known as emulsion polymerisation, a process in which the
liquid monomer is first emulsified in water and then polymerised by heating in the presence of
a catalyst. Although loosely referred to as an emulsion, the product is not a liquid/liquid
system, but mainly an aqueous dispersion of swollen solid particles. The advantage of an
aqueous dispersion is not only that it uses water as the conveying medium, but also that a
higher solids/viscosity ratio is possible than with a solution. Polyvinyl acetate solutions
increase in viscosity as the molecular weight material is desirable because of its film strength,
a solution that is fluid enough to permit easy application must necessarily be of low
concentration. Emulsion polymerisation overcomes this disadvantage because the molecular
weight of the dispersed polymer has little effect on the viscosity can be easily produced. The
particle size of the polymer should, however, cover as wide as a range as possible.
 The well-known PVA emulsion glue, with a polymer content of about 50% is a versatile
industrial adhesive. After application to an adherent water is eliminated from the emulsion
through evaporation and absorption by absorbent adherent, and this result in the swollen
particles coalescing to form a coherent adhesive film. For satisfactory coalescence and film
formation, a certain amount of plasticiser must be incorporated, of which dibutyl phthalate and
butyl carbitol acetate are an example. The plasticizer is largely responsible for the main
shortcoming of polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives, the creep under stress which takes place
especially at raised temperatures. Recognising the defect, some specifications include a creep
test. If the testing of a glued joint the strength obtained is dependent on the rate of loading,
especially if the glue has low resistance to creep.
 Creep can be reduced by adding a urea formaldehyde to a PVA emulsion; such a product is
dealt with. Certain copolymers of polyvinyl acetate such as an acrylate copolymer can be
emulsified and their use generally result in a more versatile adhesive with lower creep. Many
PVA emulsion glues are nowadays based on copolymers, at least in part. Creep can also be
reduced by adding a vinyl methyl ether/maleic an hydride copolymer.
 The thickening agents such as starches, starch-ethers, methyl cellulose or sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose and also anti foaming compounds are frequently added to the
emulsions. The incorporation of preservatives and other additives has been comprehensively
dealt with. Polyvinyl alcohol is sometimes added; it is an effective stabiliser. Although room
temperatures stability is normally good, an emulsion is likely to break if the temperature falls
to the freezing point of the aqueous phase. The addition of 13-17% of high molecular weight
ethylene oxide polymer (a water-soluble thermoplastic resin that has not found much use as an
adhesive) enables a re-wettable (solvent activated) adhesive to be formulated, presumably a
rather low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol would do the same.
 Certain polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesive can be spray dried and marketed as dry powder
that can be re-dispersed by simply mixing with water. Polyvinyl acetate is not only a good
adhesive for a large number of porous or fibrous materials such as paper, wood and leather,
but also far many nonporous materials especially transparent plastic films such as cellophane,
cellulose esters, vinyl and polyethylene terephthalate. A rather different adhesive use is in
making bonded fiber fabric.
 An interesting application is the use of a PVA emulsion to increase the adhesion between old
and new concrete. There are two ways in which this may be done, either by coating to old
concrete before applying the new cement mix, or mixing a proportion of the PVA emulsion
with the new mix.
 Polyvinyl acetate emulsion are reasonably flexible; nevertheless, added flexibility for
applications such as bookbinding can be obtained by incorporating compatible rubber latices.
 These glues are non-toxic, clean and easy to use and rapidly assume a useful degree of
strength especially with highly absorbent adherents. Their heat resistance is satisfactory up to
50o – 60oC. Gap filling is not usually good but the addition of thickening agents improves it.
Tensile shear strength (at the normal rate of loading used in testing glued joints) has been
shown with a variety of timbers to be comparable with urea and phenolic glues, while giving
for reason that are not clear – consistently less wood failure.