Non verbal communication

WE WILL DISCUSS:
1.Definition of the term.
2.Types of presentations
3.Presentation skills-types
4.Structure of presentation (overview)
5.7 steps in planning
6.Outlining the presentation
7.Organization of the presentation
8.Use of Audio Visual Aids.
9.Presentation delivery skills
 WHAT ARE PRESENTATION SKILLS?
Presentation skills can be defined as a set of abilities that enable
an individual or a group to:
•Carry out some purpose through polished communication.
•Present information on a particular topic
• Interact with the audience
•Transmit the messages with clarity
•Engage the audience in the presentation
• Interpret and understand the mindsets of the listeners.
 TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS:
1. Information-giving. This is predominantly descriptive, Briefings,
research/informative/progress/ feasibility/analytic reports, trainings, updates,
changes in policies/procedures, etc.

2. Discursive/persuasive. Here you debate on the strengths and limitations of an

approach or develop an argument, exploring and weighing up different
perspectives, challenging your audience to accept a different viewpoint. Decide
your ‘angle’ – are you for or against it, weight pro and cons? Pull your audience
in, challenge and confidently debate.

3. Demonstrative. Tend to be used in the context of training: for example, when

demonstrating your ability to illustrate your understanding of a technique or
teaching a practical skill to others. (Craig, C., 2009)
SKILLS TYPES

Presentation skills can be divided into:

1.Presentation preparation skills

2.Presentation delivery skills
A. PRESENTATION PREPARATION SKILLS-PROCESS

Before developing the presentation, we need to do pre-planning.

These steps/skills can be divided into:
I. Planning (topic, purpose, and audience analysis)
II. Research and content generation
III. Organizing content and preparing an outline or a working
script.
 PLANNING
Step 1: Understanding the topic
•Narrow down its scope according to the time available and audience’s needs.
•Develop a title and a statement expressing the thesis
•Think about the topic and develop a central idea/thesis.
•Develop a clear, specific, and well-crafted thesis.
Step 2: Determining the purpose/objective
Inform, persuade, advocate, entertain, motivate, inspire, didactic.
Purpose should be crystal clear to both the presenter and the audience-
Consider both perspectives.
Think of the macro and micro perspective.
General- Macro refers to the explicit objective (Inform, persuade etc.)
Specific- Micro refers to the implicit objective (reaction form the audience.)
 PLANNING

Develop a purpose statement for your presentation.

Sample Purpose Statement:

“To inform potential entrepreneurs about three important factors that

loan officers consider before granting start-up loans to launch small
businesses.”
TASK

EXERCISE:

For the given topics, determine the purpose (both general and
specific) and develop a Purpose statement/central idea for a
presentation.
I. Global Warming
II. Should Fast Food be banned?
III.Ancient Greek Civilization
 PLANNING
Step 3: Audience Analysis
• The hallmark of Business Communication is that it is reader-oriented and user-friendly.
• The better you know your audience, the better you can connect with them to get the desired response.
You may need the following information about them:
1. Designation (position in the hierarchy)
2. Technical/Professional Background
3. Gender, ethnocentrism/culture, etc.
• EXERCISE:
•For the given topics, make an audience profile:
I. Project Game Development for Computer Programming Course
II. Explaining how to use a Software to your clients
 PLANNING

Step 4: Time Allotted:

Consider the time allotted and prepare content that can only consume the stipulated time.
• Remember in business presentations, the audience expects you to make your point within 20
minutes.
Step 5: Context Analysis:
According to context, choose a style, content, communication strategies, language, and audio-visual aids.
Educational, professional, and international conferences i.e.
The number of attendees and seats, Lighting, and lighting controls, Audio/Visual equipment, Distracters,
morning, evening, weekend.
Step 6: Medium Selection:
It can be a video recording, online presentation, live presentation, telephonic, etc.
 PLANNING
Step 7: Research & Content Generation: Content planning.
By this time you should have a clear
Purpose, Topic, Thesis statement
Content Planning:
You need key themes, historical backgrounds, aspects, main points, supporting
information, definitions, perspectives, advantages and disadvantages,
importance and implications of the topic, evidence, proof, facts, statistical data,
etc. for your presentation.
FOR THIS, you need to research and brainstorm the topic. Therefore, Visit, books,
libraries, the internet, interview experts, observations, and critical thinking for
gathering content.
 PLANNING-CONTENT PLANNING:

During you research, have an in-depth knowledge of the topic.

Know the following dimensions of the topic:
1. Definitions
2. Major divisions
3. Key themes and ideas
4. Historical background
5. Aspects
6. Multiple perspectives on topic, supporting and refuting arguments.
7. Advantages and disadvantages
8. Societal importance
9. Future developments and implications.
 PLANNING-CONTENT PLANNING:
If your presentation is informative or persuasive, follow the steps below to gather
content.
1. Begin with generating ideas yourself using brainstorming, journalistic questions, or
whatever works best for you.
2. Start reading on the topic to develop a profound grasp on it.
3. Read samples, technical/business documents, business articles, research papers,
books, etc. online or in a library.
4. Conduct interviews, observations if necessary.
5. Make notes during this research.
6. Gather all data and start critically reviewing them and select 3 main points.
7. For each main point, select supporting material.
8. Organize the material into an outline.
9. Use the outline form on the next slide as a presentation guide.
 PLANNING-CONTENT PLANNING
SUMMARIZING THE IMP. STEPS

Follow the given flow:

1. Brainstorm the topic again.
2. Research more.
3. Review and organize ideas and information
4. Organize ideas into an outline- Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion.
5. Develop a story-board.
 TASK: BRAINSTORMING
In brainstorming, one just clears one’s mind and thinks about
one’s topic. Concentration and intense thinking will bring many
good ideas to mind. Jot down all the ideas without any
censorship.
 
EXERCISE:
Brainstorm on the presentation topics given below:
I. Artificial Intelligence
II. The Role of Navy in Military Forces
III.Project Game Development for Computer Programming
Course
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE FORM
Topic: Supporting
Purpose: material:
Audience: Main Point 2:
Supporting
Time:
material:
Context: Main Point 3:
Medium: Supporting
Central Idea: material:
Conclusion
Main Point 1:
Use the given form and your brainstormed information to create an outline for your presentation
A.V. AIDS AND EFFECTIVE SLIDES
DEVELOPMENT
 WHY USE AV AIDS?

Visual aids accomplish several goals:

• Make your presentation/speech more interesting
• Reinforce what you say. Enhance understanding.
• Enhance your credibility as a speaker
• Illustrate, complement, and reinforce and supports your verbal claim.
• Communicate complex or intriguing information. Conjure/ visualize.
• Help the audience use and retain the information
WHAT AV AIDS ARE USUALLY USED
• PowerPoint slides
• Overhead transparencies
• Graphs/charts
• Pictures
• Objects/Models
• Films/video
• Flip charts
• Sketches
• Chalk or white board
PREPARING EFFECTIVE SLIDES

• Emphasize key terms or important words by changing font style, type, size,
etc.
• Do not use paragraphs in slides. Just use headings, prompts, key points, and
definitions in the slide.
• Use only 4-6 lines of text per VA
• Use phrases, not full sentences
• Use Upper Case and Lower Case for ease of reading
• Limit lines to no more than 30-35 characters
PREPARING EFFECTIVE SLIDES

Use pictures, charts, diagrams, tables,

videos, etc in your slides to achieve the
following:
• Explain points more effectively
• Illustrate a point
• Clarify a point
• Offer evidence to support a point
• Present a point more easily
 BE VISIBLE
• Use Sans Serif fonts (fonts without feet)
• e.g. Arial, Tahoma, Trebuchet, Verdana, etc.
• Titles should be 32-44 pt. font size, BOLD
• Text should be as large as possible
• First level 24-32 pt font size
• Second level 20-28 pt font size
• Use color wisely- Contrasting colors
• Aim for:
• No more than seven words per line.
• No more than seven total lines.
• No more than 30-35 words per slide.
Use “eye Movement
The ‘Z’ Rule” for the
placement of content
• Upper left
• Upper right
• Lower left
• Lower right
GOOD SLIDE VS BAD SLIDE
PRESENTATION DELIVERY SKILLS
STORYBOARD

 Develop a storyboard first.

A graphically organized illustrations or images displayed in a

sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion
picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media
sequence.
AN EXAMPLE OF STORYBOARD
 BEFORE STARTING THE PRESENTATION

• Greet the audience.

• Begin with handouts distribution, if any.
• Grab audience attention by signaling the commencement.
• Establish credibility by introducing yourself, you designation,
your organization, etc.
All the above will help you build rapport.
 INTRODUCTION
This is the most important part of the presentation.
You have to accomplish 4 objectives here which are:
• Sharing the title.
• Capturing audience attention
• Generating interest
• Giving a clear idea about the topic and purpose of the
presentation.
 MAIN BODY
• Maintain the interest you aroused in the introduction.
• Discuss each main idea in detail.
• Develop connection between the ideas.
• Follow one of the organizational patterns.
The order of information:
Topical
Chronological
Problem/Solution
Cause/Effect
 MAIN BODY

• Supporting evidence (it develops your points)

• Examples, feedback & questions from audience (if necessary)
• Attention to, and focus on, audience… are they listening?
• Make your talk interesting by using
 analogies, metaphors, similes, Logos, ethos and pathos, personal anecdotes,
hypothetical scenarios
• Use words of transitions or verbal sign posts to indicate shift from one point to
the other.
 CONCLUSION

Note that the listeners will remember conclusion

more than any other part of the talk.
• Inform audience that you’re about to close by using
transitions like, to sum up, in the end
• Restate thesis and summarize main points
• “Tell them What You Told them.”
 CONCLUSION

• Something to remember, or call-to-action, give

recommendations here
Note: Remember to end gracefully and focus on what you
want the listeners to remember or do
• Open the floor for Q & A session
Q & A SESSION

Make sure that you understand the question thoroughly. Do

not be impolite or rude if you get an offensive remark or
question. You can use the following phrases:
• I’m glad you asked that question…
• That’s a good question/remark…..
• I agree with you but there is another way of looking at
things…….
 DEVELOPING & EXPLAINING POINTS
Use support material like
• Story, anecdotes, observations
• Statistics
• Facts
• Hypothetical examples
• Logos, ethos and pathos
• Quotation
• Analogies
• Metaphors or similes
 PRESENTATION DELIVERY SKILLS-VERBAL AND NON VERBAL.

• TASK:
• Red page Number 75 to 78 and share the information about presentation
delivery skills.