IoTs Open-Source Development

Software Platforms (1/2): Platforms

• ContikiOS, http://www.contiki-os.org/
• TinyOS, http://www.tinyos.net/
• Adruino, http://www.arduino.cc/
• BeagleBoard, http://beagleboard.org/
• Raspbian, http://raspbian.org/
• OpenIoT, http://openiot.eu/
• Cloud-based IoTs [Emulation/Scalability/Availability]
• Simulation/Emulation: ns-2, InstantContiki, Wsim/Wsnet/Avrora
•…
IoTs Open-Source Development
Software Platforms (2/2): Standards
• Open InterConnect Consortium (OIC), http://openinterconnect.org/
• AllSeen Alliance, https://allseenalliance.org/
• ZigBee Alliance, http://www.zigbee.org
• IPSO Alliance, http://www.ipso-alliance.org
• IETF. 6LowApp Charter, http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/app/trac/wiki/BarBofs/IETF75/6LowApp
• IETF. ROLL Charter, http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/roll-charter.html
• IEEE 802.15 WPAN™ Task Group 4 (TG4), http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html
• IEEE 802.15 WPAN™ Task Group 1 (TG1), http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG1.html
• IEEE 802.11TM WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS, http://www.ieee802.org/11/
• HART Communication Foundation. Wireless HART Technology.
http://www.hartcomm.org/protocol/wihart/wireless_technology.html
• http://www.isa.org/isa100
• http://www.iai-tech.org
• http://www.buildingsmart.com
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). CITYGML: http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/citygml
• …
TinyOS Introduction [1/x]:
TinyOS
• Open-source operating system designed for wireless embedded
sensor networks
• Component-based architecture
• Enables rapid implementation with minimal code size
• Event-driven execution model enables fine-grained power
management, power/battery saving capabilities, etc.
• http://www.tinyos.net/
TinyOS Introduction [2/x]:
nesC
• (New) structured component-based language
• C-like syntax (extension of C-language)
• TinyOS operating system, libraries and applications are written in
nesC
• Supports the TinyOS concurrency model
• Goal: build components that can be easily composed into
concurrent
complete, systems - No Dynamic Memory (no malloc)
• http://www.tinyos.net/ - No Function Pointers
- No Heap
TinyOS Introduction [3/x]: Programming
concepts
• Application
• A TinyOS/nesC application consists of one or more
components
• Are linked/wired together via configurations to get a
run-time executable
• Component
• Basic building blocks for nesC applications
• Two types: Modules & Configurations
• Can provide and use interfaces (bidirectional in
contrast to unidirectional in common programming
languages like JAVA)
• Module
• A component that implements one or more
interface
• Contains application code...
 TinyOS Introduction
[3/x]: Programming
•concepts
Configuration
• A component that wires other components
together
• Idea: build applications as set of modules,
wiring together by providing a configuration
• Interface
• Abstract definition of the interaction of two
components
• Concept is similar to JAVA interfaces
• NesC-interfaces are bidirectional
Components
A configuration is a component built
out of other components.
It wires “used” to “provided”
interfaces.
It can instantiate generic
components
It can itself provide and use
interfaces

• Basic unit of nesC code is compon en

• Configurations t
• Wire other components together Components start with a signature specifying
• Configurations compose modules • the interfaces provided by the component
into larger abstractions • the interfaces used by the component
A module is a component implemented in C
• Modules • with functions implementing commands
• Variables and executable codes and events
• and extensions to call commands,
• Implement program logic events
Interfaces
• Collections of related functions
• Define interactions between components
• Interfaces are bidirectional
• Commands
• Implemented by provider
• Called by user
• Events
• Called (signaled) by provider
• Implemented (captured) by user

In TinyOS, all long-running operations are

split-phase:
• A command starts the op: read
• An event signals op completion:
interface Timer<tag> {
readDone command void startOneShot(uint32_t period);
Errors are signalled using the error_t type, command void startPeriodic(uint32_t period);
typically event void fired();
• Commands only allow one outstanding }
request
The
Toolchain
TinyOS PC Applications

App

Native binary:
03 2F 77
9A F2 FF
...
The
Toolchain
TinyOS PC Applications

App

Native binary:
03 2F 77
9A F2 FF
...

Compile TinyOS applications

“Make”:
Compile
Applications
ncc
int main() {
scheduler_init();
...
}

gcc Native binary:

03 2F 77
9A F2 FF
...
The
Toolchain
TinyOS PC Applications

App

Native binary:
03 2F 77
9A F2 FF
...

Install applications on motes

15
The “Make”
System
TinyOS PC Applications

App

Native binary:
03 2F 77
9A F2 FF
...

make telosb install

automates nesC, C compilation,

mote installation

16
The
Toolchain
TinyOS

App

Native binary:
03 2F 77
9A F2 FF
...

PC Applications

Build PC applications
Architectures
• AVR • MSP430
• mica2, mica2dot – telosb, sky
• micaz – shimmer
• btnode – eyesIFX
• IRIS – tinynode
– epic

• 8051
• ARM – CC2430
• imote2 – CC1110/CC1111

19
https://github.com/tinyos/tinyos-main/tree/master/apps/Blink

Blink
Application
• README for Blink
• Author/Contact: [email protected]

• Description:

• Blink is a simple application that blinks the 3 mote LEDs. It tests

• that the boot sequence and millisecond timers are working properly.
• The three LEDs blink at 1Hz, 2Hz, and 4Hz. Because each is driven by
• an independent timer, visual inspection can determine whether there are
• bugs in the timer system that are causing drift. Note that this
• method is different than RadioCountToLeds, which fires a single timer
• at a steady rate and uses the bottom three bits of a counter to display
• on the LEDs.