Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks form
from volcanoes.
They can either form
from melted rock
deep underground
known as magma
or melted rock on the
surface of the earth
known as lava.
Why does the magma rise to
the surface?
It’s a liquid so it is less dense.
There are 2 main groups of igneous
rocks.
Rocks that form from lava are known
as extrusive. They form on the
surface of the earth.
Rocks that form from magma are
known as intrusive. They form
deep underground.
INtrusive
Extrusive rocks cool on
the surface of the Earth.
Do you think they cool
quickly or slowly?
Quickly
Intrusive rocks cool
underground. Do they
cool quickly or slowly?
Slowly
Igneous Rocks are made up of crystals.
What do you think happens
to the size of the crystals
when they have a long time
to grow?
They grow big.
Which type of igneous rock do you think
has the bigger crystals, intrusive or
extrusive?
Intrusive – it takes longer to cool.
A lava flow on the surface.
Extrusive rocks are forming!!
I guess this road will be
closed for awhile!
GRANITE
An intrusive igneous rock.
Granite has big crystals because it cooled
SLOWLY
BASALT
An extrusive igneous rock
Basalt has very small crystals because it cooled
QUICKLY
OBSIDIAN
Still an extrusive igneous rock
This rock cooled really fast!
Let’s Review
Igneous R ock s
Intrusive E xtusive
F orm ed under ground from m agm a Form ed on the surface from lava.
C ools slowly C ools quick ly
B asalt has sm all crystals O bsidian has no crystals
G ranite has large crystals
Igneous Rock Chart
Intrusive
Igneous
Rocks
Intrusive Igneous Rock
with Large Crystals
Granite
Extrusive
Igneous
Rocks
Basalt
Compare Intrusive
Rocks to Extrusive
Rocks:
Small Crystals
Extrusive Large Crystals
Intrusive
Obsidian – NO crystals!
Glassy
texture
Slow or fast cooling?
Large crystal,
therefore slow
cooling!
How to Identify
Igneous
Rocks…
1. Color/Density
1. Felsic – light colored, low
density
2. Mafic – dark colored, high
density
2. Texture
• Coarse-grained – Large crystals
• Fine-Grained – Small crystals
• Glassy – No crystals (obsidian)
• Vesicular –Gas pockets
Vesicular Texture
Example = Pumice
Gas
Pockets
Pumice
Minerals found
in Granite
Minerals found
in granite.
Igneous
Questions
Classify the following rocks as either:
volcanic or plutonic and mafic or felsic
a b
Volcanic and mafic Plutonic and mafic
c d
Plutonic and felsic Volcanic and felsic
Name
the
minerals
found in
Rhyolite
Name the
minerals
found in
Basalt
Q: Name an extrusive igneous rock
with a fine texture.
Q: Name an extrusive igneous rock with a
fine texture and a felsic composition
•Q: Name an intrusive igneous rock with
a coarse texture and a mafic
composition
Q: Name the minerals found in
Granite.
Q: Name the minerals found in mafic
rocks.
Q: Name the minerals found in Andesite.
Name the ELEMENTS found in Mafic
rocks.
Fe = Iron
Mg =
Magnesium
Name the ELEMENTS found in Felsic
Rocks
Al =
Aluminum
Why is it unlikely to find
Fossils in Igneous
Rocks?
Fossils cannot survive
the heat from the lava
and magma and are
destroyed on contact.
