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Clinical Pharmacy Introduction and Scope

Clinical pharmacy involves the direct patient care by clinical pharmacists to optimize medication use, promote health, and prevent disease. It began in the 1950s and was influenced by phenytoin toxicity issues and the thalidomide tragedy. Clinical pharmacists work to ensure appropriate drug therapy through various activities like medication management, addressing drug-related problems, advising on drug selection and monitoring, and providing drug information to patients and other healthcare providers before, during, and after prescription writing. The scope of clinical pharmacy practice includes many important roles like medication reconciliation, improving prescription quality, bioequivalence evaluation, adverse drug reaction identification, and improving patient adherence.

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Sufyan Mirza
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426 views22 pages

Clinical Pharmacy Introduction and Scope

Clinical pharmacy involves the direct patient care by clinical pharmacists to optimize medication use, promote health, and prevent disease. It began in the 1950s and was influenced by phenytoin toxicity issues and the thalidomide tragedy. Clinical pharmacists work to ensure appropriate drug therapy through various activities like medication management, addressing drug-related problems, advising on drug selection and monitoring, and providing drug information to patients and other healthcare providers before, during, and after prescription writing. The scope of clinical pharmacy practice includes many important roles like medication reconciliation, improving prescription quality, bioequivalence evaluation, adverse drug reaction identification, and improving patient adherence.

Uploaded by

Sufyan Mirza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to clinical

pharmacy and its scope


Presented by :
Neha :6606
Umaisa :6639
Eisha :6651
Faiza :6623
Maham :6637
Clinical Pharmacy
“Clinical Pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which
clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care that
optimizes the use of medication and promotes health,
wellness and disease prevention.”
History of Clinical Pharmacy
 The term clinical pharmacy was first used in 1953.
 In 1960, two incidence occurred and the concept of
clinical pharmacology started.
i. Phenytoin toxicity.
ii. The Thalidomide Tragedy.
Clinical Pharmacy Requirements

Knowledg
e of Drug
Drug Therapy Knowledg
informatio e of the
n skills diseases

Therapeut
Knowledg
ic Patient e of
planning care diagnosti
skills
c skills

Physical Communi
assessme Patient cation
nt skills monitorin skills
g skills
Goals:

• To promote the correct and appropriate use of


medicinal products and devices.
• Maximizing the clinical effect of medicines.
• Minimizing the risk of treatment induced adverse
events.
• Minimizing the expenditures for pharmacological
treatments.
Level of action of clinical
pharmacists:

• Clinical pharmacy activities may influence the correct use


of medicines at three different levels
• Before
• During
• After the prescription is written
1.Before the prescription

• Clinical trials
• Formularies
• Drug information
• Drug related policies
2. During the prescription
• Counseling activity
• Clinical pharmacists can influence the attitudes and
priorities of prescribers in their choice of correct
treatments.
• The clinical pharmacist monitors, detects and prevents
medication related problems.
• The clinical pharmacist pay special attention to the
dosage of drug which need therapeutic monitoring.
Medication related problems:
• Untreated indications
• Improper drug selection
• Medication failure to receive
• Medication overdose
• Adverse drug reactions
• Drug interactions
• Medication use without indication
3. After the prescription:

• Counselling
• Preparation of personalised formulation
• Drug use evaluation
• Outcome research
• Pharmacoeconomic studies
Scope of clinical pharmacy

1-Preparation of patient
medication history:
• Hyper-sensitivity, allergies, intoxication
, drug dependence that interfere with
the therapy.
• It will also save physicians time.
2-Rational prescription:

Clinical pharmacist assist the physician in


selecting the right dose.

For example:
• Irrational combinations identified by the
pharmacist
• Haloperidol+Diazepam+Amitriptaline.
3-Bioequivalence
pharmaceutical
formulation:

• Selection of proper drug therapy based on


bioequivalence studies on different dosage
forms of the same drug moiety.

• Number of factors effect the bioavailability.


4-Patient Monitoring:

• A Clinical pharmacist knows:


• Correct route of administration
• The signs and symptoms of over dosage
• Contraindications
• Desired effects
• Undesired effects
• Monitoring the drug therapy for safety and efficacy
• Drugs with narrow therapeutic index
5- Adverse drug reactions
and drug interactions :

• The clinical pharmacist :


• Can compile and process data using
computers .
• May suggest an alternative therapy if
applicable.
• Identify drug effect modification due
to interactions with several foods,
alcohol, smoking, chemicals,
pregnancy etc.
6-Drug information specialist :

• A Clinical pharmacist being an expert on drugs may


operate a drug information service.
• He can help during medical emergencies by providing
immediate information on antidotes in case of poisoning
or overdosing.
7-discharge counseling and patient
compliance :
• The compliance to drug therapy can be improved several
times by educating and counseling the patient or while
dispensing the prescription at retail counter.

• The patient may be made aware of the purpose of


medication, proper mode of administration, dosage and
storage conditions.
8-Retail pharmacy stores
• Many OTC drugs have the potential to interact with
prescription drugs.

• A Clinical pharmacist at retail drug stores can


maintain patient drug profile, family drug profiles
based on which the pharmacist can counsel the
patient each time while filling the prescription.
Activities of clinical pharmacist
The principle activities of a clinical pharmacist include:
• Consulting
Analysing therapies, advising health care practitioners on the
correctness of drug therapy and providing pharmaceutical
care to patients both at hospital and at community level

• Selection of drugs
Defining “drug formularies” or limited lists of drugs in
collaboration with hospital doctors, general practitioners and
decision makers
• Medication review
Review medication chart, review medication history.
• Clinical trials
Planning evaluating and participating in clinical trials.
• Pharmacokinetics/ therapeutic drug monitoring
Studying the kinetics of drugs and optimising the dosage.
• Prescription monitoring
Monitoring of in patient and out patient prescription for
clinical efficacy and cost effective prescribing.

• Teaching and training


Pre and post-graduate teaching and activities to provide
training and education programmes for pharmacists and
other health care practitioners.

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