Scribd
Upload
151 views17 pages

Lecture 2-Percentages

Percentages, proportions, and ratios are used to compare parts of a whole or relative sizes. Percentages express a number as a hundredth of the total, proportions express percentages as decimals, and ratios compare quantities without using a total value. Some key points are: - Percentages are used to indicate relative size rather than absolute size - To convert a percentage to a decimal, divide the percentage by 100 - Ratios show relative shares and can compare quantities without a total value - Powers multiply a number by itself a specified number of times, while roots are the inverse of powers

Uploaded by

Lame Joel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
151 views17 pages

Lecture 2-Percentages

Percentages, proportions, and ratios are used to compare parts of a whole or relative sizes. Percentages express a number as a hundredth of the total, proportions express percentages as decimals, and ratios compare quantities without using a total value. Some key points are: - Percentages are used to indicate relative size rather than absolute size - To convert a percentage to a decimal, divide the percentage by 100 - Ratios show relative shares and can compare quantities without a total value - Powers multiply a number by itself a specified number of times, while roots are the inverse of powers

Uploaded by

Lame Joel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

PERCENTAGES,

PROPORTIONS AND
RATIOS
LECTURE 2-Discussion Notes
IFB and A&F Year 1
Botswana Accountancy College
Kelebogile kenalemang
PERCENTAGES
• Percentages are used to indicate the relative size or proportion of
items, rather than their absolute size.
• They are useful ways of discussing relative values, rather than using
fractions.
• Example; which of the following is easier to understand?
1. Prices are expected to rise by the next year due to inflation OR
2. Prices are expected to rise by 4% next year due to inflation.
Uses of
Percentages

• Everyday use of percentages include;


Shops advertise discounts on products, these
discounts are stated in percentages, e.g. 50% off
marked prices.
Banks quote interest charged on loans, or interest
paid on investments as percentages.
Companies describe their profits in percentages
Students should give other examples
How to convert a fraction or
decimal into a percentage

• To convert a decimal or a fraction into a


percentage we multiply by 100.
• Consider the following;
0.16= 0.16
How to convert a percentage into a fraction or
decimal
• To convert a percentage into a fraction or decimal we divide by 100.
• Consider the following;

a) 40%=
b) 6%=
Class exercise
a) Find 40% of P64
b) What is P16 as a percentage of P64
c) A television set has been reduced from P490.99 to P340.99. what is
the percentage reduction in price to one decimal place.
d) Last year a movie ticket was P11.00. this year the price has
increased by 10%. What is the price of a ticket this year?
e) A shoe shop is offering a 17% discount on the price of their shoes.
The cost of the shoes is P795, what price is being offered for the
shoes.
Proportions
• A proportion means writing a percentage as a proportion of 1(that is
as a decimal).
• 100% can be thought of as 1, 50% is half of that or 0.5
• Example; suppose there are fourteen women in an audience of 70,
what proportion of the audience are men?
number of men= 70-14=56
proportion of men=
• 80% of the audience is made up of men.
• The proportion of the audience made up of men=0.8
Proportions
• Example 2
• There are 30 students in a classroom, 17 of whom are wearing skirts.
What proportion of students to two decimal places are not wearing
skirts.
30-17=13,
RATIOS
• Ratios show relative shares of a whole.
• They are used to compare 2 or more numbers.
• Examples of everyday ratios are;
• Speed km/hr
• Exchange rate, pula/rand
• Example; in a class there are 30 girls and 15 boys, what is the ratio of
girls to boys.
• 2:1, for every boy there are two girls
Class exercise
1. Suppose Tom has P120 and Jake has P80. what is the ratio of Toms
cash to Jakes cash.
2. Suppose Tom and Jake wish to share P200 in the ratio 3:2. how
much will they each receive.
3. A, B, C, D wish to share P600 in the ratio 6:1:2:3, how much will
each receive?
ROOTS and POWERS
• A power is the result when equal numbers are multiplied together.
• E.g. the 6th power of 2=
• The 4th power of 3=
POWER
• A power is the product of multiplying a number by itself.
• A power is usually represented with a base number and an exponent.
• The base number tells us what number is being multiplied.
• The exponent is a small number written above and to the right of the
base and it tells us how many times the base is being multiplied.
• E.g this signifies that x is being multiplied by itself n times,
x is the base and n is the exponent.
Things to note
• An exponent of one is not expressed as , rather it is expressed as
• Any non-zero number or variable raised to the zero power is equal to
one.
ROOTS
• A root is a reverse of a power.
• E.g. when
• The reverse of this process is called finding the square root.
• E.g.
Rules of Exponents
• Assuming that a and b are positive integers and x and y are real
numbers, then the rules of exponents are outlined as follows;

1. (
Rules of Exponents

7.
8.
9.
Class exercise
• Simplify the following using rules of exponents;

You might also like