NEW PRINCE SHRI BHAVANI COLLEGE

OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
III YEAR

ME6612-DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF OPENING AND CLOSING OF RAILWAY

GATE AUTOMATICALLY

SUBMITTED BY

N.RAMA SUBRAMANIAM GUIDED BY

(411416114029) MR. A.MADHAN KUMAR
M.VIGNESH M.E,( Ph.D.)
(411416114036) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
M.SURENDRAN MECHANICAL DEPARTMERNT
(411416114305)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We are grateful to Thiru. K. Loganathan, M.com., M.Ed., chairman and Correspondent, New Prince
Shri Bhavani College Of Engineering and Technology, for his support which enabled us to complete this
project. We are very much grateful to Thiru. L. Naveen Prasad, B.E., MBA. Vice chairman, New
Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, for his kindness,which enabled us to do
this project.
.
 

We are very much grateful to Thiru. A .Swaminathan, M.E., FIE., Director , New Prince Shri Bhavani
College of Engineering and Technology, for his entire support,which helped us to do this project. We
also express my gratitude to Dr. T. saravanan, M.E., Ph.D., Principal, New Prince Shri Bhavani
College of Engineering and Technology,for his extended support and encouragement of new ideas.

 
 

We are very much grateful to Mr. K. Thamilarasan, M.E. (PhD), Head of the Department,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his constant support throughout the project.

We express our sincere thanks to our beloved project coordinator Mr.D.Navaneetha krishnan,
M.E., for his valuable guidance and suggestions.

We would like to thank our internal guide Mr. A. Madhan Kumar, M.E. (PhD), Assistant
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his encouragement and valuable
technical guidance.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

 Nisha S Punekar, Archana, A Raut, August 2013, ‘Improving Railway Safety with Obstacle Detection
and Tracking System Using GPS-GSM Model’, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering
Research, volume 4, issue 8.
 Kiruthika M, Divya. M, Dhivya P, Yugapriya R, February 2014, ‘Wireless Communication System for
Railway Signal Automation at Unmanned Level’, International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Engineering and Technology, vol3, special issue 1.
 Shweta Singh, Pratyush Jha, Vikrant Chandra, August 2014”Artificial Railway Safety and Security
System”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering, vol2 issue 8.
 Amit Kumar, February 2012,”Human Behavioral Aspects of Level Crossing Safety System with Special
Reference to Indian Railways”, Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Volume 6,
Number 1.
 OPENING AND CLOSING OF RAILWAY GATE AUTOMATICALLY

ABSTRUCT:

The present work attempts to automate the operation of gates at a railway level
crossing. In general, level crossing gates are operated manually by a gate keeper. The
gate keeper receives the information about the train arrival from a near station. When
the train starts to leave the station, the station in-charge delivers this information to the
closest gatekeeper to get ready. This human intervention can be avoided by automating
the process. The proposed system uses push type switch buttons to detect the arrival
and departure of trains at the railway level crossing and motor to control the
opening/closing of gates. Thus automation of opening and closing of gate at the
railway level crossing is achieved using pulley, motor and push type switch buttons
 OBJECTIVE

1. To reduce the total time taken for level crossing operation.

2. To reduce human error in level crossing.
3. To reduce unmanned level crossing accidents.
 INTRODUCTION

The railway system is the most commonly used transportation mode in India. It is also
one of those modes of transport that faces a lot of challenges due to human errors such as
level cross accidents, collisions, etc.

The Indian Railway network with a route length of 62,495 km has a total of 40,445 level
crossings, or an average of one every 1.5 kilometres. Of this total, 16,132 crossings are
manned with some form of barrier protection facing road users, 20,528 are open crossings
with fixed road warning signs, 948 are road crossings adjacent to canals without barrier
protection, but with road warning signs, and 2,837 are simple open crossings with neither
barrier protection nor fixed road warning signs.

Thus the railway gate automation system aims to deal with two things. It reduces the total
time taken for the gate operation at the level cross and also ensures the safety of the
passengers at the level cross during when the train passes.
 Most of the level crossing accidents are due to following aspects:

1. RULES VOILATION 2. UNMANNED LEVEL CROSSING

 MECHANISM USED

BIFOLDING GATE
MECHANISM

Quick Bi-Folding Gate is a trackless bi-hinged gate and is the only way to keep your
entrances secured after every exit or entry. It is fast, sturdy, very reliable and requires little
maintenance due to the trackless design.
RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING

In this project we are concerned of providing an automatic railway gate

control at unmanned level crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers

and also the automatically operated gates. It is good then older system with two

things.

 The reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And
 To provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents that usually occurs

due to carelessness of road users and at times errors made by the gatekeeper.
 BIFOLDING GATE

PUSH SWITCH
 PUSH SWITCH

Push type Switches for controlling

the railway gate opening and

closing.

DC MOTOR
 WORKING OF BLOCK DIAGRAM

Train arrival detections:-

• The Detection of a train total two switches required. S1 arrival and S2 departure of train by the

switches.

Warning for road users:-

• At the moment the train arrival is sensed on either side of the gate, road users are warned about

the train approach by RED signals placed to caution the road users passing through the gate.

RED signal appears for the road user once the train cuts the sensor placed 5Km before the gate.
Gate closing operation:-
Once the switch is pressed, then it automatically generates to operate the motor through battery and hence close

the gate for the passage of train. Actually rotary motion occurs in a motor. This rotary motion is converted to

linear motion of the gate using pulleys.

Train Departure Detection:-

Detection of train departure is also done using switch technique as explained under the head of train arrival

detection. Train departure sensing is done by switch R2.

Gate operating:-
When the train departure is sensed by the switch, which operates the motor in reverse direction and the gates are

opened. Once the gate is opened signal for road users are made GREEN so that the vehicles can pass through the

gate. 

This human intervention can be avoided by automating the process.


The proposed system uses push type switch buttons to detect the arrival
and departure of trains at the railway level crossing and motor to control the
opening and closing of gates.


When the train comes in contact with the first switch ,the motor operates to close the gate.


The gate remains closed until the train completely moves away from the level cross.

When the departure of the train comes in contact with by second switch,
the motor operates to open the gate.

Thus automation of the gate operations at the railway level cross

is achieved using motor, pulley and push type switch buttons.
 COMPONENTS USED

S.NO COMPONENTS

1 DC MOTOR

2 ROPE BELT

3 ROTATABLE WHEEL

4 PULLEY

5 BATTERY

6 PUSH TYPE SWITCH

7 TRIGGER TYPE SWITCH

8. BIFOLDING GATE

9 CENTRE HINGE
1. DC MOTOR

•A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts

direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most
common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all
types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to change the direction of current flow in
part of the motor.
2. ROPE DRIVE

• A rope drive is a form of belt drive, used for mechanical power

transmission. Rope drives were most widely used as power transmission
in mills and factories, where a single mill engine would have a large rope
drive to each floor, then lineshafts across each floor distribute power to
the individual machines. These multiple rope drives replaced the earlier
technique of a vertical wrought iron shaft with bevel gears at each floor.
3. WHEEL

•A wheel is a circular block of a hard and durable material at whose

center has been bored a circular hole through which is placed an axle 
bearing about which the wheel rotates when a moment is applied by
gravity or torque to the wheel about its axis, thereby making together
one of the six simple machines. when connected to a crank, the wheel
produces or transmits energy (e.g. the flywheel).
 4. PULLEY

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to

support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or
transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. A pulley may have
a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate
the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, 
cable, belt, or chain.
 5. BATTERY

•Batteries are a collection of one or more cells whose chemical reactions

create a flow of electrons in a circuit. All batteries are made up of three
basic components: an anode (the '-' side), a cathode (the '+' side), and
some kind of electrolyte (a substance that chemically reacts with the
anode and cathode). Batteries are made up of three basic components:
an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte
6. PUSH BUTTON

•A push-button (also spelled pushbutton) or simply button is a simple switch

 mechanism for controlling some aspect of a machine or a process. Buttons are
typically made out of hard material, usually plastic or metal.[1] The surface is
usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human finger or hand, so as to be
easily depressed or pushed. Buttons are most often biased switches, although
many un-biased buttons (due to their physical nature) still require a spring to
return to their un-pushed state. Terms for the "pushing" of a button
include pressing, depressing, mashing, slapping, hitting, and punching.
7. TOUCH SWITCH

•A touch switch is a type of switch that only has to be touched by an

object to operate. It is used in many lamps and wall switches that have a
metal exterior as well as on public computer terminals. A touchscreen
 includes an array of touch switches on a display. A touch switch is the
simplest kind of tactile sensor.
8. BI FOLDING GATE

• Very secure with opening and closing in approx. 7-12 seconds.

• Controls housed inside a IP65 secure steel enclosure.
Heavy duty 24v hydraulic ram with built in slowdown in both opening
• and closing movement producing smooth quiet operation.
• Posts 200mm x 200mm.
• Frame 50mm. Galvanized and Powder Coated.
Hinges comprising 25mm shaft with heavy duty sealed for life roller
• bearings.
Unique drive mechanism.
9. HINGES

• A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects,

typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them. Two
objects connected by an ideal hinge rotate relative to each other about a
fixed axis of rotation: all other translations or rotations being prevented,
and thus a hinge has one degree of freedom. Hinges may be made of 
flexible material or of moving components. In biology, many joints
 function as hinges like the elbow joint.
 UPCOMING DEVELOPMENT PLANS BY INDIAN RAILWAYS

Indian Railways have high density of level crossing and is a major contributory factor for loss of
human life on account of railway accidents. To monitor the condition of level crossing a unique
ID is provided to every level crossing and being managed through a module of Level Crossing in
“Safety Information Management System”.

Road map has been made to eliminate the unmanned level crossings and same has been
envisioned in “VISION-2020”. Accordingly concrete steps are being taken for improving the
safety at level crossings in Indian Railways and the progress is satisfactory.

 
 ADVANTAGES
It reduce the time for which gate remains closed.
It reduces errors due to manual operation.
No human resource is required, this makes its running
Very low expenses compared to manned gates.

APPLICATIONS
 Real time automation in transport systems.
 Human intervention at level crossing can be removed.
 Many level crossing accidents can be prevented.
 Unmanned level crossing can be decreased my this project.
 CONCLUSION

The accidents are avoided at places where there is no person managing the
railway crossing gates.
 Here we use the dc motor to open and close the gates automatically when
it is rotated clockwise or anticlockwise direction.
 When the train touches the switch in a particular direction ,generates
appropriate power to motor through battery and generates an interrupt.
 When the interrupt is generated the dc motor rotates in clockwise
direction. When the interrupt from other direction of departure,the dc motor
rotates in anti-clock wise direction.
 REFERENCE

Part of stepping motors by Douglas W.Jones, the university of IOWA

Department of computer science
Report of the Railway Safety Review Committee 1998,
 ‘Report of High Level Safety Review Committee (Kakodkar
Committee)”, Feb. 2012, Ministry of Railways, Govt. of India
 “Indian Railways Vision 2020 (Dec. 2009)”, Ministry of Railways,
Govt. of India
 ‘Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook’, Department of
Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration,USA