Common Isotopes and Their Uses

General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1
Prepared by:
Angelika R. Lee
Recall: Matter
Pick a glass
1 3
2 4
back
It is a form of matter that

has definite (constant)
composition and distinct
properties.
back
It is a chemical substance composed of many

identical molecules composed of atoms from
more than one element held together by
chemical bonds.
back
It is a material
composed of two or
more simpler
substances in
chemistry.
It is a separation technique used to
separate components of a liquid
mixture by a process of heating and
cooling, which exploits the differences
in the volatility of each of the
components.
Learning
Competencies
Recognize common isotopes and their uses.
STEM_GC11MPIa-e-19
Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural

formulas and models.
STEM_GC11MPIa-e-21
Name compounds given their formula and write formula

given the name of the compound.
STEM_GC11MPIa-e-23
Objectives
• Students will be able to recognize common isotopes and
their uses.
• Students will be able to represent compounds using

chemical formulas, structural formulas and models.
• Students will be able to name compounds given their

formula and write formula given the name of the compound.
Recognize Common Isotopes and
their Uses
Common Isotopes and their Uses
• Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical
element which differ in neutron number, and
consequently in nucleon number. All isotopes
of a given element have the same number of
protons but different numbers of neutrons in
each atom.
• To represent the composition of any

particular atom, we need to specify its
number of protons (p), neutrons (n), and
electrons (e). We can do this with the
symbolism.
Recognize Common Isotopes and their Uses
• Protium - The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium (a hydrogen atom).
Protium is a selective “proton pump inhibitor,” a medication that reduces the amount of
stomach acid produced. It is used to treat stomach and intestine acid-related illnesses.
• Deuterium - A stable isotope of hydrogen with a mass approximately twice that of

the usual isotope. Deuterated water is used in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. It is
used as a moderator in nuclear reactors. For tracking the process of Photosynthesis in
plants, it is used as the primary tracer element.
• Tritium - is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Tritium is used as the energy
source in radioluminescent lights for watches, gun sights, numerous instruments and
tools, and even novelty items such as self-illuminating key chains. It is used in a
medical and scientific setting as a radioactive tracer. Tritium is also used as a nuclear
fusion fuel, along with more abundant deuterium, in tokamak reactors and in hydrogen
bombs.
• Oxygen-16 - O-16 is used in the production of radioactive N-13 which is used
for PET imaging and myocardial perfusion.
• Oxygen-17 - O-17 can be used as a tracer in the study of cerebral oxygen

utilization.
• Oxygen-18 - Large quantities of O-18 are used for the production of F-18. F-
18 is used to produce 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) which is used as a
tracer in positron emission tomography or PET. Millions of these FDG-PET
medical procedures are performed annually to investigate a range of diseases in
various human organs.
• Chlorine-35 - Chlorine-35 has been widely used in industry such as
production of salt and other more. It is also used for production of Chlorine-36 (Cl-
36 isotope, 36Cl isotope) radionuclide (radioisotope) for use in e.g. biological
research and life science;
• Chlorine-37 - Chlorine-36 has been widely used for dating old ground water.

It is also used for production of Sulphur-38 (38S isotope, S-38 isotope, Sulfur-38
isotope) radionuclide (radioisotope) for usage as a corrosion tracer (Industrial
uses of radioisotopes and enriched isotopes);
Important Common Isotopes and their Uses
Isotopes Use/s
Sodium-24 Injected into limb to detect blood clot/obstruction testing in
circulatory system
Cobalt-60 Detect and Treat Cancer/ use to kill bacteria

Iodine-131 Detect functions of Thyroid Gland / treatment of thyroid disorders
Phosphorous-32 Added to fertilizer to study plant processes/ blood volume
determination
Nitrogen-15 Added to fertilizer to study plant processes

Cesium-137 Use to kill bacteria
Flourine-18 Use for diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Carbon-11 Positron emission tomography
Carbon-14 Carbon dating Process / Radio labelling of organic compounds
Important Common Isotopes and their Uses
ISOTOPES USES
Gallium-67 Use for diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Tritium (3H) Radio labelling of organic compounds and archaeological dating
Chromium-51 Measuring of formation and lifetime of erythrocytes

Gadolinium-153 Measuring the density of bones
Radium-226 Radiotherapy for cancer treatment
Uranium-235 Production of nuclear reactors and weaponry
Uranium-238 Archaeological dating
Iridium-192 Industrial tracer
Americium-241 Smoke detectors
RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
Relative atomic mass is determined by the average atomic mass, or the
weighted mean of the atomic masses of all the atoms of a particular chemical
element found in a particular sample, which is then compared to the atomic
mass of carbon-12.
RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
Relative atomic mass is determined by the average atomic mass, or the
weighted mean of the atomic masses of all the atoms of a particular chemical
element found in a particular sample, which is then compared to the atomic
mass of carbon-12.
REALTIVE ATOMIC MASS
ISOTOPE MASS ATOMIC MASS PERCENTAGE RELATIVE

NUMBER UNIT ABUNDANCE ATOMIC MASS
Chlorine - 35 35 34.969 75.53%
35.45g/mol
Chlorine - 37 37 36.966 24.47%
ISOTOPE MASS NUMBER ATOMIC MASS PERCENTAGE RELATIVE

UNIT ABUNDANCE ATOMIC MASS
Oxygen – 16 16 15.995 99.76%
Oxygen – 17 17 16.999 0.04%
Oxygen - 18 18 17.999 0.2%

ISOTOPE MASS NUMBER ATOMIC MASS PERCENTAGE RELATIVE

UNIT ABUNDANCE ATOMIC MASS
Hydrogen – 1 1 1.0078 99.985%
Hydrogen – 2 2 2.0141 0.015%
Hydrogen - 3 3 3.0161 Negligible

Chemical Formula, Structural
Formula and Model
Objectives
• Students will be able to represent compounds using

chemical formulas, structural formulas and models.
• Students will be able to name compounds given their

formula and write formula given the name of the compound.
Learning
Competencies
Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural

formulas and models.
STEM_GC11MPIa-e-21
Name compounds given their formula and write formula

given the name of the compound.
STEM_GC11MPIa-e-23
Chemical Formula, Structural Formula and Model
• Chemical Formula - A chemical formula is a way of presenting information

about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical
compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and
sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas
and plus and minus signs.
• Example:
NaCl (table salt), CH4(methane), C6H12O6 (glucose), C3H8 (propane), C8H18 (octane), C2H4O2 (acetic
acid or vinegar), NH3 (ammonia), C6H8O6 (ascorbic acid or vitamin C), AgCl (silver chloride),
H3PO4 (phosphoric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
Structural Formula - The structural formula of a chemical compound is

a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural
chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real
three-dimensional space. The chemical bonding within the molecule is also
shown, either explicitly or implicitly.
• Example:
• Molecular Model - a physical model that represents molecules and their
processes. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and
behaviour is molecular modelling, and their graphical depiction is molecular
graphics. In addition, "molecular model" will primarily refer to systems containing
more than one atom.
propylamide methanol
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?

Angelika R. Lee
09338224416
[email protected]
Naming Compounds
Naming Compounds
• Covalent Compounds - are those that involve more than one atom
bonded together by the sharing of electrons. You’ll know for certain that you are
dealing with a molecular compound if only nonmetals are present.
• To name a covalent compound, you need the molecular formula, knowledge of the

prefixes used for naming, and a way to look up the name of an element given
its atomic symbol. With this information in hand, you can follow the naming
scheme for covalent compounds.
Naming Compounds
Naming Compounds
• First, identify the elements present.
• Second, look at the subscript of each element to determine which prefix

to use. (If an element does not have a prefix, assume that the subscript is
“1.”
• Third, apply the above naming scheme. Note: If the prefix of

the first element would be “mono-”, it is not needed.)
• (
• TIP!: Get used to what part of an element’s name is the “root” early,
because it’s not always easy to tell by looking!
Naming Compounds
Naming Compounds
CCl4
Step 1 (Chemical name involved) - Carbon and
Chlorine
Step 2 (Determine the Greek prefix) - none and tetra
Step 3 (Remove the word and

then combined Greek prefix and Change
the last 4, 3 or 2 Letters of the name of
last nonmetal element into -ide ) - Carbon tetrachloride
Naming Compounds
• Ionic compounds consist of a positively charged cation and a negatively
charged anion.
• Ions (of either variety) may contain either a single element or more than
one element. (When an ion consists of more than one element, we refer
to it as a “polyatomic ion.”)
• To recognize an ionic compound, look for the presence of a metal or a

known polyatomic ion- once you find one, you more than likely have an
ionic compound.
• When we name an ionic compound, we do not use prefixes; instead, use

one following naming schemes.
Naming Compounds
Naming Compounds
CaCl
Step 1 (Chemical name involved) - Calcium and
Chlorine
Step 2 (Change the last 4, 3 or 2

Letters of the name of
nonmetal element into -ide) - Calcium and
Chloride
Naming Compounds
Step 1 (Atoms involved) - Sodium and
Chlorine
Step 2 (Chemical symbol) - Na +

Cl
Step 3 (Formed Ion) - Na+1 +

Cl-1
Step 4 (Criss-cross multiply the charges) - Na+1 +

Cl-1
Naming Compounds
Naming Compounds
Example
1. Barium oxide 4. NS
2. Calcium fluoride 5. Al
3. Iron(III) Sulfide 6. CO
Naming Compounds
NO is called nitrogen monoxide, not mononitrogen monoxide.

Finally, several substances have common or trivial names that
are so well established that their systematic names are almost
never used. For example,
H2O = water (dihydrogen monoxide)

NH3 = ammonia (H3N = trihydrogen mononitride)
Naming Compounds
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?

Angelika R. Lee
09338224416
[email protected]

Common Isotopes and Their Uses

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General

It is a form of matter that

It is a chemical substance composed of many

Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural

Name compounds given their formula and write formula

• Students will be able to represent compounds using

• Students will be able to name compounds given their

• To represent the composition of any

• Deuterium - A stable isotope of hydrogen with a mass approximately twice that of

• Oxygen-17 - O-17 can be used as a tracer in the study of cerebral oxygen

• Chlorine-37 - Chlorine-36 has been widely used for dating old ground water.

Chromium-51 Measuring of formation and lifetime of erythrocytes

ISOTOPE MASS ATOMIC MASS PERCENTAGE RELATIVE

ISOTOPE MASS NUMBER ATOMIC MASS PERCENTAGE RELATIVE

Oxygen – 16 16 15.995 99.76%

Oxygen – 17 17 16.999 0.04%

Oxygen - 18 18 17.999 0.2%

ISOTOPE MASS NUMBER ATOMIC MASS PERCENTAGE RELATIVE

Hydrogen – 1 1 1.0078 99.985%

Hydrogen – 2 2 2.0141 0.015%

Hydrogen - 3 3 3.0161 Negligible

• Students will be able to represent compounds using

• Students will be able to name compounds given their

Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural

Name compounds given their formula and write formula

• Chemical Formula - A chemical formula is a way of presenting information

Structural Formula - The structural formula of a chemical compound is

Do you have any questions?

• To name a covalent compound, you need the molecular formula, knowledge of the

• Second, look at the subscript of each element to determine which prefix

• Third, apply the above naming scheme. Note: If the prefix of

Step 2 (Determine the Greek prefix) - none and tetra

Step 3 (Remove the word and

• To recognize an ionic compound, look for the presence of a metal or a

• When we name an ionic compound, we do not use prefixes; instead, use

Step 2 (Change the last 4, 3 or 2

Step 2 (Chemical symbol) - Na +

Step 3 (Formed Ion) - Na+1 +

Step 4 (Criss-cross multiply the charges) - Na+1 +

NO is called nitrogen monoxide, not mononitrogen monoxide.

H2O = water (dihydrogen monoxide)

Do you have any questions?

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