Lesson 5

Terminologies and mechanics
of the game
Fouls & Violations
Basketball Violations and Fouls
One of the important parts of coaching
basketball to anyone is understanding
the fouls and violations which occur
during practices and games. The fouls
explained below will teach you to be an
honest and responsible player.
24-Second Violation
All NBA teams have to make a
shot within 24 seconds. If
not, then the violation results
in change of ball possession.
8-Second Violation
After the basket is made by
a team, the offensive team
gets only 8 seconds to
bring the ball over the mid
court line.
Blocking
Once the game or practice is on,
a player tries to position his or
her body in a way to prevent
the opponent from getting
ahead. Blocking is mostly done
by the defense team players.
Charging
This is an offense team’s foul.
One of the offensive team’s
player runs into a defending
team’s players who has already
established his or her position.
Defensive Foul
When a player practices an unnecessary
or illegal contact with either the ball or
away from the ball, a defensive foul is
said to have been committed.
The offense player who dribbles the
ball, stops, and then begins to dribble it
again is said to have committed the
double dribble violation.
Elbowing
Elbowing can be done by any of
the teams. This is when a player
swings his or her elbows in a
forceful, excessive manner. The
elbowing player makes contact
with the opponent at this point.
Five-Second Violation
A five-second throw-in violation
generally occurs during a throw-in
when the ball is not passed by the
player who is supposed to inbound the
ball before 5 seconds have gone by
after he or she got the ball. Usually the
penalty for a five-second violation is
losing of the ball from that team.
Flagrant Foul
This is a serious contact foul where a
player tries to unnecessarily and
intentionally make contact during the
game. Usually the penalty for flagrant foul
is that the other team gets 2 free throws
and the possession of the basketball out-
of-bounds. And the player who committed
the flagrant foul is automatically
disqualified from the game.
Floor Violation
This is an action of a player who
violates the rules but doesn’t
commit any foul or hinder the
opponent. Usually the penalty
for floor violation is a change of
ball possession.
Foul Trouble
During the track of a game, one or more
players who have collected way too many
fouls are said to be in “foul trouble”. All the
players who have collected 5 fouls in high
school and college game, or 6 fouls in NBA
game will be disqualified or eliminated from
that game. Which is why all teams must be
careful not to accumulate more than 6 fouls
in each half.
Goaltending
This violation is generally committed by
the defense team’s player. The player
illegally interferes with a shot on the rim
or on a downward path to the hoop.
Usually the penalty for this violation
results in the shot by the offense team
being assumed in and they receive a
basket.
Hand Check
This is a personal foul done
by the defense team player.
When he or she occasionally
or continuously uses his or
her hand(s) on the opponent
player who has the ball.
Holding
Whether you are in a defense
or offense team, using your
hands to interfere your
opponent’s freedom of
movement commits a holding
fouls.
Illegal Screen
A player who is setting the
screen still moves when the
defense team’s player makes
contact with him or her. Illegal
screen is a type of blocking
where the defender is prevented
from moving around the screen.
Intentional Foul
This foul is committed by the defense
team’s player on purpose to stop the
clock. Usually in a college basketball
game, the team which was fouled
gets the advantage of 2 free throws
and also the possession of the ball.
Lane Violation
At the time of a free throw, if a
player enters the lane too soon,
lane violation is said to have
been committed. Usually the
penalty for lane violation results
in a turnover or the other team
receives another free throw.
Offensive Foul
This is a personal foul committed
by the offense team’s player. The
player, who has the ball in his or
her hands, charges into the
defense team’s player who is
standing in a stationary,
defensive position.
Over-the-Back
A player who jumps on
and goes over the back of
his or her opponent who
is trying to attempt a
rebound with the ball.
Shooting Foul
This foul is committed when a
player is fouled while in the act of
shooting the ball. If the player
misses the shot, he or she
receives 2 or 3 free throw,
depending on which shot he or
she was originally taking.
Technical Foul
Any violations and misconduct
which detriments the game is
called a technical foul. Usually
the penalty for a technical
foul is a free throw to the
opponent team.
Three in the Key/3 Seconds violation
Any defense or offense player

cannot remain in the lane for
more than 3 seconds at a
time. If the violation is
committed, it results in
change of ball possession.
Unsportsmanlike Foul
Any player or team that plays
unfairly, unethically, and/or
dishonorably is said to have
committed the unsportsmanlike
foul. Such fouls are usually given
a penalty of a free throw to the
opponent team.
QUESTION?
CLARIFICATION?
VIOLENT REACTION?
INSTRUCTOR:
MR. JOENERO C. TRESQUIO

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Terminologies and mechanics

Any defense or offense player

MR. JOENERO C. TRESQUIO

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