Magnetism QR

Magnetism
Activating Strategy
With a partner, take the list of
everyday objects provided
by the teacher and identify
those objects that have or
use magnets (show on
board).
http://www.first4magnets.com/magnets-in-the-house-i75
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
WHAT FACTORS AFFECT
THE STRENGTH OF
MAGNETIC FORCES?
STANDARD:
S8P5C. PLAN AND CARRY OUT

INVESTIGATIONS TO IDENTIFY THE
FACTORS (E.G., DISTANCE BETWEEN
OBJECTS, MAGNETIC FORCE PRODUCED
BY AN ELECTROMAGNET WITH VARYING
NUMBER OF WIRE TURNS, VARYING
NUMBER OR SIZE OF DRY CELLS, AND
VARYING SIZE OF IRON CORE) THAT
AFFECT THE STRENGTH OF ELECTRIC
AND MAGNETIC FORCES.
A magnet is any
material that attracts
iron or materials
containing iron.
Properties of
Magnets
Activity?
Properties of Magnets
• All magnets have two poles
• Magnets exert forces on each
other
• Magnets are surrounded by a
magnetic field
All Magnets have Two Poles
• Each end of the magnet is called a
magnetic pole
• One end of the magnet always ends up
pointing to the north. It is called the north pole
• The opposite end of the magnet points to the
south and is called the south pole
• Magnetic poles are always in
pairs (one north, one south)
All Magnets have Two Poles
If a magnet is broke in half,
each half gains a new pole
Magnets Exert Forces on Each Other
• As observed in the Properties of Magnets Activity,
when you bring two magnets close together, the
magnets exert a magnetic force on each other
• These magnetic forces result from electric charges
in the magnets. Which is created by…
gaining or losing electrons

Magnets Exert Forces on Each Other
• The force can either push the
magnets apart or pull them
together
• The magnetic force between

magnets depends on how the
poles of the magnets line up.
Like poles repel, and opposite
poles attract
Attract or Repel Activity
Each student will be given a
paper magnet. When
instructed, the student will find
a partner based on the
teacher’s directions of
“Attract” or “Repel”
Distributed Summarizing
A magnet is similar to
electric charges
_____________________
because both exert forces
______________
on each other and
are surrounded by a
field.
Magnets are surrounded by a Magnetic Field
• The shape of a magnetic field can be
shown with lines drawn from the north
pole of a magnet to the south pole as
shown in the diagram below
• Magnetic field lines show both the
direction and the strength of a bar’s
magnetic field
Magnets are surrounded by a Magnetic Field
• The closer together the lines, the
stronger the field
• The lines around a magnet are
closest together at the poles
because that’s where the
magnetic force is strongest
Opposites Attract
Field lines that curve toward
each other show attraction.
TOP LEFT ON NOTES BOTTOM ON NOTES
Likes Repel
Field lines that curve away from
each other show repulsion.
TOP RIGHT ON NOTES
Field Lines in a
Horseshoe Magnet
The Earth behaves as if it has a bar magnet
running through its center (due to molten iron
and nickel in outer core). The poles of this
imaginary magnet are located near Earth’s
geographic poles.
Earth’s magnetic
field protects
Earth from charged
particles
emitted by the Sun.
Compasses
• The needle is a small magnet
• The Earth’s magnetic field exerts a force
on the needle, causing it to rotate.
• The fields line up with each other
• The compass needle does not point
directly toward the poles of a magnet-
instead, the needle aligns with field lines
and points in the directions of the filed
lines.
(p.128 figure 6/mini lab p. 129)
Magnets in
Motion
Magnets are surrounded by a
Magnetic Field
The shape of the magnetic field surrounding a
magnet can be seen by observing the shape of
iron filings when placed near a magnet
Examining
the Magnetic
Field- Iron
Filings demo
Magnetic Fields
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/discoveries-
projects/discoveries/magnetic-fields/p/magnet-and
-iron-filings
The Cause of
Magnetism
Whether a material is
magnetic depends
on the material’s
atoms
The Cause of Magnetism
• As electrons in atoms move around, a magnetic field
is generated. The atom will then have a north and
south pole.
• The atoms group together in tiny areas called
domains. Each domain is like a tiny magnet.
• In most materials, such as copper and aluminum, the
magnetic fields cancel each other out because the
domains are randomly oriented (as shown below)
• In materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt
(ferromagnetic elements), the north and south poles
of the atoms in a domain line up and make a strong
magnetic field (as shown in the diagram below)
• The arrangement of domains in an object determines
whether the object is magnetic
Re-Cap
• All magnets have two poles, north and south.
• Magnets exert forces on each other, push or
pull
(like poles repel, opposite poles attract).
• Magnets are surrounded by a magnetic field.
• The magnetic force is the greatest at each
pole of a magnet.
• What makes an object magnetic? How the
groups of atoms (domains) are arranged:
-domains are lined up- magnetic
-domains are randomly oriented-
unmagnetic
Temporary vs. Permanent Magnets
• A magnet that quickly loses its magnetic field after
being removed from a magnetic field is a temporary
magnet.
• Page 131 figure 9: the magnetic field of the bar
magnet is strong enough to cause the nail’s
magnetic domains to line up. When you move the
nail away, it’s not longer magnetic.
• A magnet that remains a magnet after being
removed from another magnetic field is a permanent
magnet.
• Some magnetic materials can be made into
permanent magnets by placing them in a very strong
magnetic field- this causes the domains to align and
stay aligned.
If the arrangement of
domains in an object
determines whether the
object is magnetic, is there
a way to demagnetize an
object? If so, how?
Losing Alignment
• The domains of a magnet may not
always stay lined up
• When domains move, the magnet
is demagnetized, or loses it
magnetic properties
• What are some ways you think a
magnet might be demagnetized?
Losing Alignment
Ways to demagnetize (move domains)
• Dropping a magnet or hitting it too
hard
• Putting the magnet in a strong
magnetic field that is opposite to its
own
• Increasing the temperature of a magnet
(in higher temperatures, atoms vibrate
faster so they may no longer line up)
Making Magnets
• You can make a magnet from something
made of iron, cobalt, or nickel. You just
need to line up the domains.
• You can magnetize an iron nail by
dragging a magnet down it many times (in
one direction)
• The domains in the nail line up with the
magnetic field of the magnet. So, the
domains in the nail become aligned.
• As more domains line up, the magnetic
field grows stronger.

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Magnetism

S8P5C. PLAN AND CARRY OUT

gaining or losing electrons

• The magnetic force between

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