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    Lec 3

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    Muluken Kindachew
    Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms. It enables objects to be accessed using parent forms, allowing code to be written for general cases rather than specific cases. Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and overloading. Overriding allows subclasses to provide their own implementation of a method defined in the parent class, while overloading involves using the same method name with different parameters. Abstract classes and interfaces also allow for polymorphism by defining common behaviors without providing concrete implementations.

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    Lec 3

    Uploaded by

    Muluken Kindachew
    22 views28 pages
    Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms. It enables objects to be accessed using parent forms, allowing code to be written for general cases rather than specific cases. Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and overloading. Overriding allows subclasses to provide their own implementation of a method defined in the parent class, while overloading involves using the same method name with different parameters. Abstract classes and interfaces also allow for polymorphism by defining common behaviors without providing concrete implementations.

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    lec 3

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    Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms. It enables objects to be accessed using parent forms, allowing code to be written for general cases rather than specific cases. Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and overloading. Overriding allows subclasses to provide their own implementation of a method defined in the parent class, while overloading involves using the same method name with different parameters. Abstract classes and interfaces also allow for polymorphism by defining common behaviors without providing concrete implementations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views28 pages

    Lec 3

    Uploaded by

    Muluken Kindachew
    Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms. It enables objects to be accessed using parent forms, allowing code to be written for general cases rather than specific cases. Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and overloading. Overriding allows subclasses to provide their own implementation of a method defined in the parent class, while overloading involves using the same method name with different parameters. Abstract classes and interfaces also allow for polymorphism by defining common behaviors without providing concrete implementations.

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    of 28

    POLYMORPHISM

    …
    polymorphism
    • the ability to take more than one form
    • particular operation may behave differently
    for different sub-classes of the same class
    • the ability to refer to an object using either to
    actual form or a parent form
    • enables us to “program in the general” rather
    than “program in the specific.”
    Polymorphism using overridden method
    • Overriding :
    • allows the subclass to provide its own
    implementation of the method, which its
    signature is in the super class
    • re implementing a method you inherited
    • overridden method in the superclass is not
    inherited by the subclass
    Cont. …
    • rules of method overriding
    • new method definition must have the same
    method signature
    • If a method can't be inherited, you can’t
    override it
    • Final and static method can’t overridden
    Cont. …
    • Example
    • The passing average grade for students is 2.0
    and above. However, for CE students the passing
    grade is 2.5 and above. if we have a class for CE
    students, the class is slightly different from the
    Student class. Hence, we can inherit the Student
    class to CE class, but we have to override some
    methods of the Student class
    Student.java

    •…
    Ce.java

    •…
    Test.java

    •…
    Output
    •…
    Polymorphism using Overloading methods

    • Overloading
    • reuse the same method name in a class or
    subclass
    • Different argument (number/type)
    • Different return type [optional]
    Example
    •…
    Example
    Output

    •…
    Final keyword
    • Final class
    • can't be sub classed
    • can't ever be improved by another
    programmer
    • none of the methods in that class will ever
    be overridden
    • Provide absolute guarantee (security)
    Cont. …
    • Final method
    • Can’t overridden in the subclass
    • Provide safety and security
    • Class can contain non final method
    • You can subclass a class contain final
    method
    Cont. …
    • Final variable
    • Once value assigned stay for ever
    • impossible to reinitialize
    • A final reference variable can't ever be reassigned to
    refer to a different object, but, data within the
    object can be modified
    • there are no final objects, only final references
    • Final argument can't be modified within the method
    Abstract keyword
    • Abstract class
    • cannot be instantiated and must be
    extended
    • used only as super classes
    • Are incomplete
    • may contain abstract methods
    Cont. …
    • Example :
    • public abstract class MemberOfBiT {}
    • public class Student extends
    MemberOfBiT { // must be extendes }
    • MemberOfBiT me = new MemberOfBiT();
    // cannot be instantiated
    Cont. …
    • abstract methods :
    • Cannot have a method body
    • Must be declared in abstract class
    • Is overridden in subclass
    • When a child class inherits an abstract
    method, it is inheriting a method signature
    but no implementation
    Cont. …
    • Example
    Cont. …
    • A class that contains any abstract methods must
    be declared as an abstract class even if that class
    contains some concrete (non abstract) methods.
    • Each concrete subclass of an abstract superclass
    also must provide concrete implementations of
    each of the superclass’s abstract methods
    Interface
    • Is a contract for what a class can do, not how to do
    • is a group of related methods with empty bodies
    • can be implemented by any class
    • use the implements keyword in the class declaration to implement
    interface
    • all interface methods must be implemented, and must be marked
    public
    • can defines abstract methods not both concrete and abstract method
    • It is abstract by default
    Cont. …
    • Rules :
    • interface methods are by default public and abstract
    • All variables defined in an interface must be public, static, and
    final (constant)
    • methods must not be static
    • An interface can extend one or more other interfaces
    • An interface cannot implement another interface or class.
    • An interface must be declared with the keyword interface.
    • A class that implement an interface must be provide legal
    implementations for every method defined in the interface
    Cont. …
    • An implementation class can itself be abstract
    • You can extend only one class, but implement many
    interfaces
    • Example
    • public class Class implements Interface1, Interface2,
    Interface3 { ... }
    • public interface Interface1 extends Interface2,
    Interface3{}
    Implementation of interface
    •…
    Cont. …

    •…

    “Not registered”
    Cont. …

    •…
    Cont. …

    •…
    Cont. …

    • Output

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