HUZAIFA PATEL 09135 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The grinding machine consists of a power driven grinding wheel spinning at the required speed (which is determined by the wheels diameter and manufacturers rating, usually by a formula) and a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the work-piece. The grinding head can be controlled to travel across a fixed work piece or the work piece can be moved while the grind head stays in a fixed position.

BELT GRINDER BENCH GRINDER CYLINDERICAL GRIDER TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER GEAR GRINDER

Belt grinding is a machining method to process metals and other materials, with the aid of coated abrasives.

STROKE BELT PLATEN BELT WIDE BELT BACKSTAND CENTRELESS

Finishing: surface roughness, cosmetic finishes, polishing. Stock removal : high stock removal, cleaning (e.g. of corrosion), eliminating mill or tool marks, dimensioning

bench grinder is a type of bench top grinding machine used to drive abrasive wheels. A pedestal grinder is a larger version of a bench grinder that is mounted on a pedestal, which is bolted to the floor.

Depending on the grade of the grinding wheel it may be used for sharpening cutting tools such as lathe tools or drill bits. Alternatively it may be used to roughly shape metal prior to welding or fitting. A wire brush wheel or buffing wheels can be interchanged with the grinding wheels in order to clean or polish work-pieces.

Grinding wheels designed for steel should not be used for grinding softer metals, like aluminum. The soft metal gets lodged in the pores of the wheel and expand with the heat of grinding. This can dislodge pieces of the grinding wheel.

These types of grinders are commonly used to hand grind cutting tools and perform other rough grinding. A wire brush wheel or buffing wheels can be interchanged with the grinding wheels in order to clean or polish work-pieces.

Grinding wheels designed for steel should not be used for grinding softer metals, like aluminum. The soft metal gets lodged in the pores of the wheel and expand with the heat of grinding. This can dislodge pieces of the grinding wheel

The cylindrical grinder is a type of grinding machine used to shape the outside of an object. The cylindrical grinder can work on a variety of shapes, however the object must have a central axis of rotation

OUTSIDE DIAMETER GRINDING

INSIDE DIAMETER GRINDING

CENTERLESS GRINDING

OUTSIDE DIAMETER GRINDING:

OD grinding is grinding occurring on external surface of an object between the centers.

The centers are end units with a point that allow the object to be rotated.

OUTSIDE DIAMETER GRINDING

The grinding wheel is also being rotated in the same direction when it comes in contact with the object. This effectively means the two surfaces will be moving opposite directions when contact is made which allows for a smoother operation and less chance of a jam up.

INSIDE DIAMETER GRINDING

ID grinding is grinding occurring on the inside of an object. The object is held in place by a cullet, which also rotates the object in place.

INSIDE DIAMETER GRINDING

The grinding wheel is always smaller than the width of the object. Just as with OD grinding, the grinding wheel and the object rotated in opposite directions giving reversed direction contact of the two surfaces where the grinding occurs.

CENTERLESS GRINDING

Centerless grinding is a form of grinding where there is no cullet or pair of centers holding the object in place. Instead, there is a regulating wheel positioned on the opposite side of the object to the grinding wheel. A work rest keeps the object at the appropriate height but has no bearing on its rotary speed.

CENTERLESS GRINDING

The work blade is angled slightly towards the regulating wheel, with the work piece centerline above the centerlines of the regulating and grinding wheel; this means that high spots do not tend to generate corresponding opposite low spots, and hence the roundness of parts can be improved.

CENTERLESS GRINDING

Center less grinding is much easier to combine with automatic loading procedures than centered grinding; through feed grinding, where the regulating wheel is held at a slight angle to the part so that there is a force feeding the part through the grinder, is particularly efficient.

The cylindrical grinder is responsible for a plethora of innovations and inventions in the progression of science and technology. Any situation in which extremely precise metalworking is required, the cylindrical grinder is able to provide a level of precision unlike any other machine tool. From the automotive industry to military applications, the benefits the cylindrical grinder have given us are immeasurable.

It is an extremely versatile machine used to perform a variety of grinding operations: surface, cylindrical, or complex shapes. The image shows a manually operated setup, however highly automated Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are becoming increasingly common due to the complexities involved in the process.

CNC TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER

D-BIT GRINDER

CNC TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER

Today's tool and cutter grinder is typically a CNC machine tool, usually 4, 5, or 6 axes, which produces end mills, drills, etc. which are widely used in the metal cutting industry. Modern CNC tool and cutter grinders enhance productivity by typically offering features such as automatic tool loading as well as the ability to support multiple grinding wheels.

CNC TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER

High levels of automation, as well as automatic in-machine tool measurement and compensation, allow extended periods of unmanned production. With careful process configuration and appropriate tool support, tolerances less than 5 micrometers (0.0002") can be consistently achieved even on the most complex parts.

CNC TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER

Apart from manufacturing, in-machine tool measurement using touch-probe or laser technology allows cutting tools to be reconditioned. During normal use, cutting edges either wear and/or chip. The geometric features of cutting tools can be automatically measured within the CNC tool grinder and the tool ground to return cutting surfaces to optimal condition.

CNC Grinding Systems are widely used to produce parts for aerospace, medical, automotive, and other industries. Extremely hard and exotic materials are generally no problem for today's grinding systems and the multi-axis machines are capable of generating quite complex geometries.

The D-bit grinder is a tool bit grinder that specializes in the grinding of D-bit cutters for pantograph milling machines. Pantographs are a variety of milling machine used to create cavities for the dies used in the molding process, they are being rapidly replaced by CNC machining centers.

Gear cutting is the process of creating a gear. The most common processes include hobbing, broaching, and machining; other processes include shaping, forging, extruding, casting, and powder metallurgy. Gears are commonly made from metal, plastic, and wood.

HOBBING

SHAPING

FINISHING

Hobbing is a method by which a hob is used to cut teeth into a blank. The cutter and gear blank are rotated at the same time to transfer the profile of the hob onto the gear blank. The hob must make one revolution to create each tooth of the gear. Used very often for all sizes of production runs, but works best for medium to high.

The old method of gear cutting is mounting a gear blank in a shaper and using a tool shaped in the profile of the tooth to be cut. This method also works for cutting internal splines.. The cutter and the blank must have a rotating axis parallel to each other. This process works well for low and high production runs.

After being cut the gear can be finished by shaving, burnishing, grinding, honing or lapping.