Subject: Elements of Civil Engineering and

Mechanics

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 Text books
• Elements of Civil Engineering and mechanics
– M N Shesha Prakash and Ganesh Mogaveer

• Elements of Civil Engineering – S S

Bhavikatti

• Elements of Civil Engineering and mechanics

– B K Kolhapure
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 MODULE-1

•Overview of Civil Engineering Systems

•Building materials

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 ENGINEERING

• Engineering- role of directing the resources of nature

to the use and convenience of man.
• Technology- application of basic scientific
knowledge to advancement.
• Provides comfort to mankind and makes life
comfortable.

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 Civil Engineering
(An art and science of designing the infrastructure of society)

• It is the oldest branch of engineering which is growing right from

stone age civilization.

• It is the first basic branch of engineering ,its relationship to the

fulfillment of human needs are direct.

• Civil engineers are involved in all aspects of community

infrastructure ,housing and construction.

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 DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINERING

Structural Transportation
Engineering Engineering

Geotechnical Environmental
Engineering & Sanitary Engineering

Construction GIS
Technology

Fluid Mechanics
and Earthquake Engineering
Hydraulics

Water Resource & Building

Irrigation Engineering Materials 6
 Structural Engineering

Infosys, Pune

• Structure is the assemblage of two or more basic

elements such as beam, slab, column, truss, frame,
shells etc.
• Deals with analysis the requirements considering
design for limit states of collapse and serviceability. 7
 Structural Engineering
• Involves determination of support reactions,
member forces and moments, deflection and
deformations.

• Deals with selection of proper materials,

sizes, proportions and shape of each member
and its connecting details, the section should
be economical, safe and is governed by
standard specifications.

• Repair, rehabilitation and maintenance is

also part of structural engineering.

• Dams, Bridges, Stadiums, Auditoriums,

Multi-storied buildings are analyzed &
designed

Public Utility Building,

Bangalore

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 Geotechnical Engineering
• Involves study of soil, properties and its behavior on the
application of load .

• Involves
– Foundations
– Slopes
– Retaining Structures
– Highway pavement design
– Embankments and earth dams
– Tunnels, underground structures and deep cuts

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 Geotechnical
Engineering
• To assess the quality of soil
or rock to carry the
structure
• Proper knowledge of
geotechnical engg is
necessary for safety and
stability of structures

Leaning tower of Pisa

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 For a geotechnical engineer,

Super Structure

Ground Level

Foundation
or
Substructure
Foundation Soil

Foundation Soil and sub-structure should resist forces

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without failure or excessive deformation
 Construction Technology
& Management
 Construction technology:
• Planning of different units of a building for the activities
designed for the building.
• Code of building and bye-laws ensure good and sound
construction through regulating the materials and construction
methods.
• Maintenance and repairs of the buildings.
• Includes study of construction materials and techniques.

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 Construction Technology
& Management
 Construction management:

• Comprises of men, material, time and money management

• Involves engineering, economics and commerce to ‘achieve

the desired construction in the most economical way’.

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 Construction Technology
& Management
• Construction managers:
– Review contracts,
– Order materials,
– Hire and schedule sub-contractors.

• The job of a construction manager is to:

Provide quality control and ensure project is completed on
time and within budget.

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 Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics
• Branch of science involving the study of fluids at rest and in
motion.
• Hydraulics is the study of properties and mechanics of water
and its flow characteristics.
• Deals with the study of design, construction, maintenance of
hydraulic power facilities, canals, dams, pipelines, pumping
stations, sea port facilities and even in protection of beaches.
• Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundations for
hydraulics which focuses on the engineering use of fluid
properties.

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 Water Resource & Irrigation
Engineering
• Water for agriculture and drinking.
• Identification of suitable water resources and storage of water.
• Surface and sub-surface water.
• Water resources engineering can be defined as a science which
deals with the subject of tapping water either from surface or
sub-surface sources.
• Includes hydrology, irrigation. Hydraulics and water supply
• Judicious use of water for the purpose of irrigation is called
irrigation engineering.

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 Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering
• Irrigation engineering deals with water management for agriculture
purpose.
• Dams are constructed at the desired locations to store water in
reservoir when the supply from river is good and to utilize for
useful purpose during draught. During excess input, water is
allowed to main river through the body of dam to avoid flooding.

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Falkirk Wheel in Scotland Hoover Dam in USA
• It deals with transportation of men Transportation
and material through different
modes such as land, water and air. Engineering
• In air strip runways, roads and
railway, the study includes the
design of pavement system.
• Roads
• Railways
• Waterways
• Airways

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 Deals with Transportation system
Planning And high way material design
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 Environmental and Sanitary
Engineering
• Environment is the available nature around us. It includes the life
support system such as water, air and land/Soil.

• Environmental engineering deals with the technology to save nature

from human and natural abuse and pollution.

• It covers both water supply and sanitary engineering

• It deals with:
– Technique of water collection, purification and supply
– Waste water collection, treatment and disposal
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– Control of all types of pollution
Environmental and
Sanitary
Engineering

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 Earthquake Engineering

• Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of

engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as
buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind.
• Design, construct and maintain structures to perform at
earthquake exposure up to the expectations and in compliance
with building codes.

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 Earthquake Engineering
• A properly engineered structure  does not necessarily have to be
extremely strong or expensive. It has to be properly designed to
withstand the seismic effects while sustaining an acceptable level
of damage.

• Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to

earthquakes. An earthquake (or seismic) engineer aims to
construct structures that will not be damaged in minor shaking
and will avoid serious damage or collapse in a major

earthquake.  24
 GIS
• A Geographic Information System is a multi-component
environment used to create, manage, visualize and analyze
data and its spatial counterpart.
• The GIS is used to study geologic features, analyze soils and
strata, assess seismic information, and or create three
dimensional (3D) displays of geographic features. GIS can be
also used to analyze rock information characteristics and
identifying the best dam site location.

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 Surveying
• Activity involved in collection
of topographic features of a
location for future
construction.
• An art of map making
• Relative positions of various
objects in horizontal and
vertical directions are
obtained.
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 Surveying
Instruments used in surveying
• chain
• tape
• Leveling instruments
• Total station
Classification of surveying
 

Plane surveying, geodetic surveying,

             

topographical surveying, cadastral surveying,

city surveying , mine surveying etc…

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Total Station
 Infrastructure
• Economic development of country depends on growth

and production rate of industries and agricultural

fields.
• Facilities- transportation, energy, communication,
science and technology, irrigation facilities, equipment.
• These facilities are referred to as “ Infrastructural
facilities”.

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Impact of infrastructural development of
a country
 Increase in food production
 Protection from famine
 Safe domestic and industrial water supply
 Safe and scientific waste disposal
 Improvement in communication and transportation
 Generation of electricity from, nuclear, hydro,
thermal, solar or wind energy
 Healthy and comfortable housing facility
 Improved, wealth, prosperity, standard of living
 Overall growth of a nation
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 Impact of infrastructural facility on socio-
economic growth of a nation
• Leads to agricultural and industrial developments.
• Provide employment, eradicates poverty and
enhances per capita income.
• Urban growth only can lead to population drift from
rural sectors leading to explosion in population in
cities and inadequate development of villages and
improper care for agricultural sector.
• Use of infrastructural facility only by upper class
leads to imbalance.
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 Role of Civil engineers in Infrastructural
development
• Good town planning and developing sites.

• Construction of dams and proper utilization of water

resources.

• Construction of Housing, commercial and industrial

complexes.
• Maintenance of better irrigation facility.
• Rebuilding, Rehabilitation, Retrofitting and Repair

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 Role of Civil engineers in Infrastructural
development contd….

• Provide good drainage and purification plants

• provide and maintain communication systems like

roads, railways, harbors and airports.

• Monitor land, water and air pollution and take

measures to control them.

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