s.

joearsa

Englsih for Healthy majoring

Poltakes
 Greetings: formal greeting
JAMES: Good morning, Professor Austin, how are you doing?
PROFESSOR AUSTIN: Good morning, James. I am doing well. And you?
JAMES: I’m great, thank you. This is my friend Emma. She is thinking about applying to this college. She
has a few questions. Would you mind telling us about the process, please?
PROFESSOR AUSTIN: Hello, Emma! It’s a pleasure to meet you. I’m more than happy to speak with you.
Please stop by my office next week.
EMMA: It’s a pleasure to meet you, professor. Thank you so much for helping us.
PROFESSOR AUSTIN: Don’t mention it. Hopefully, I will be able to answer your questions!
LANGUAGE NOTES
• The greetings good morning/good afternoon/good evening are used at different times of the day to
greet people. “Good evening” is often used after 6 p.m. or generally when the sun has set.
• “Good night” is not a greeting: It is used when leaving a place or group of people. Thank you and good
night!/Good night, and see you tomorrow.
• When people meet in the United States, it is customary for them to shake hands. A handshake should
be firm and usually lasts for about two to three seconds — which allows enough time to say “Nice to
meet you.”
• “Don’t mention it” is another way of saying “You’re welcome.” The phrase “You are welcome” is more
formal. However, responses such as Don’t mention it./No problem./Happy to help. are informal ways
of responding to a thank you.
 Informal Greetings and Farewells
JANE: Hi, Helen! How’s it going?
HELEN: Fine, thanks — and you?
JANE: Just fine. Where are you off to?
HELEN: To the library. I’ve got a history exam next week and need to start studying. Ugh.
JANE: Oh, no. Well, I’ll see you later then. Good luck!
HELEN: Thanks. See you later.

LANGUAGE NOTES
• “Hi” is an informal way of saying “hello.” Notice that the “i” sound in “hi” is extended, to show that Jane is very pleased to see
Helen.
• “How’s it going?” is an informal way of saying “How are you?”
• “Fine, thanks—and you?” Notice the rising intonation on “and you?” This shows that Helen is interested in what Jane has to say.
• “Where are you off to?” is an informal way of saying “Where are you going?” Notice the falling intonation since this is an
information question, not a “yes/no” question.
• “To the library.” Notice that Helen does not say “I’m going” here because that information was already established in the question
“Where are you off to?”
• “Oh, no” is a way of saying “I sympathize with you” or “I understand you are not happy.”
• “See you later” is an informal way of saying “goodbye.”
 ARTICLES: A-AN / THE
• A dan AN disebut Indifiniite article( kt sandang tak tentu) yang berarti;
seseorang,seekor,sebutir,sepotong dll.

• A dan AN hanya digunahkan bersama Countable Noun:kt benda yang dapat dihitung
dalam bentuk singular:tunggal.

• A untuk benda yang diawali oleh bunyi mati:consonat sound dan AN bunyi
hidup:vocal sound, bila kata-kata itu diucapkan.
• examples: a chair a spoon a sweat a blood a university
• an ant an umbrella an egg a hour exercises : …….cat
……….arrow ……..powder ……ell
•

• THE disebut difinite article( kt sandang tentu/pasti) dan mengikuti benda yang dapat
hitiung dalam bentuk tunggal. THE memiliki dua bunyi: dibaca DE serta dibaca DI.
• THE/DE, apabila menikuti benda yang di awali oleh consonant dan THE/DI, apabila
mengikuti benda yang di awali oleh vocal.
The , biasanya di pakai untuk suatu: penemuan, sungai, tempat,alat musik atau
nama orang namun telah berubah fungsi e.g:brand atau mark.
Examples:
THE/DE; the book, the radio, the musi , the united state of america, the guitar.
the yongky.
THE/DI ; the American, the information, the examination.

Tapi THE bisa juga mengikuti untuk suatu benda yang jamak(plural) asalkan kata
tersebut munculnya dua kali dalam suatu rangkaian kalimat.
Examples:
The dog chases mice, the mice run into holes. The holes full of ten kilo litters.

EXERCISES:THE APLLE, THE ONE, THE ASHTRAY, THE AMERICAN

TO BE(IS,AM,ARE, WAS AND WERE)
TO BE sebagai copula (kata kerja gabung).Adapun kalau diterjemahkan ia memiliki arti “ADALAH”
serta “ADA” bilah di pakai berasama dengan NOUN(kt benda) dan Adjective(Kt sifat). Namun
umumnya ia tidak diterjemahkan.

TO BE befungsi menghubungkan antara SUBJECT dengan PREDICATE: noun, adjective,verb serta

adverb.
Dan perluh kita ingat bahwa kalimat secara umum mempunyai tiga
bentuk:.1.affirmative(+):adalah/ada, 2. negative(-):bukan/tidak, 3. interrogative(?):apakah.
Examples:
I am a boy (noun)= saya adalah seorang anak laki-laki.
I am not a boy= saya adalah bukan seorang anak laki-laki.
Am I a boy= apakah saya seorang anak laki-laki ?

Siti and Jamal are deligent(adjective)= siti dan jamal(adalah) rajin.

Siti and Jamal are not deligent= sit dan jamal (adalah) tidak rajin.
Are Siti and Jamal deligent= apakah siti dan jamal (adalah) rajin?
You are in (adverb) the classroom: kamu didalam kelas.
You are not in the classroom: kamu tidak didalam kelas.
Are you in the classroom ?: apakak kamu didalam kelas?

Untuk penggunaan to be dengan verb, maka verb nya harus ditambakan ING. Yang artinya;
sedang berlangsung suatu pekerjaan/kegiatan.atau disebut juga progressive /continuous
form. Ia akan memiliki makna pasive:telah.(be+verb III)

Joe is teaching English = joe sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris.

Joe is not teaching English = joe tidak sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris.
Is joe teaching English = apakah joe sedang mengajar bahasa Ingrris ?

I was singing a dangdut last night.=saya sedang bernyanyi dangdut semalam.

I was not singing a dangdut last night=saya tidak sedang bernyanyi dangdut semalam.
Was I singing a dangdut last night =apakah saya sedang bernyanyi dangdut semalam?

Siti was told him about me= siti telah menceritakan ke Dia tentang saya.
Siti was not told him about me= siti telah tidak menceritakan ke Dia tentang say.
Was Siti told him about me ?= apakah Siti telah menceritakan ke Dia tentang saya?
Exercises:
Change into good English
1. Jamal adalah seorang pelaut.
2. Apakah kamu telah melihat sebuahjam tangan?
3. Merekah tidak pandai.
4. Ahmad, Dany dan saya adalah seorang tentara.
5. Kami ada di atas atap .

Story.
There is a boy,name is Donte al Kangean, where the class call him Donte Pe Ak. Pe ak
means(not briliant; dumb/stupid). He always makes troubles for the classroom event when
the killer/fierce; buas teacher itself teach. One day the fierce teacher comes for his lesson:
pelajaran. and he asks the student one by one about math. Then Donte turn=giliran.
Teacher: Donte, what is ten times=kali ten ..?
Donte : hundreds, sir!
Teacher :well done=bagus . One more, ok! Can you draw=mengambar triangle=segitiga
with=dengan the same=sama feet=kaki? .
Donte : No, sir ! I draw with my hand not with my foot.
Teacher : silly=dasar goblok Donte, Pe ak.
 What is pharmacy !
Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing,
preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications,
aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of
medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences
with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences. Pharmacy is
the  science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing,
dispensing, reviewing and monitoring  medications , aiming to
ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of  medicines. It is a
miscellaneous science as it links  healthy science with 
pharmaceutical science and  natural science. The professional
practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs
are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. Based on the
setting, pharmacy practice is either classified as community or
institutional pharmacy. Providing direct patient care in the
community of institutional pharmacies is considered clinical
pharmacy.
The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as 
compounding and dispensing of medications. It also includes more modern
services related to health care including clinical services, reviewing medications
for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. Pharmacists, therefore,
are experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who
optimize the use of medication for the benefit of the patients.
An establishment in which pharmacy (in the first sense) is practiced is called
a pharmacy (this term is more common in the United States) or chemists (which
is more common in Great Britain, though pharmacy is also used). In the United
States and Canada, drugstores commonly sell medicines, as well as
miscellaneous items such as confectionery, cosmetics,office supplies, toys,hair
care products and magazines, and occasionally refreshments and groceries.
In its investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients, the work of
the apothecary may be regarded as a precursor of the modern sciences of
chemistry and pharmacology, prior to the formulation of the sciencetific
method.
 Your Turns
1. What is pharmacy ?
2. What is the scope of pharmacy ?
3. What do we call for some one who expert on
pharmacy ?
4. Why do we learn pharmacy ?
 Mengenali subject dan verb
Dua pertanyaan sederhana untuk mengenali mana SUBJECT dan VERB;
1.Apa atau siapa yang memerluhkan action yang dilukiskan verb (the subject).
2.Apa yang dilakukan oleh subject ? Apa yang terjadi pada subject ? (the verb).

Take a look these examples;

3.This announcers speaks slowly and distinctly.
S : announcer (who ?/siapa)
V : speaks ( does what?/ melakukan apa ? )
2.The pleasant and helpful salesperson, after completing the form, refunded the customer’s money.
S : salesperson ( who ?/siapa )
V : refunded (did what ?/melakukan apa )
3.Between two young typist sat the manager holding a place of paper.
S :typist
V : sat
4.At the top of the resume is theapplicant’s name.
S : name (who or what is )
V : is
5. There are two people here to see you.
S : people
V : are

(cat: untuk kalimat yang diawali dengan there, subject terletak sesudah verb), dalam kailmat
di atas is dan are adalah linking verb.
6.The report was typed yesterday.
S : report
V : was typed
7.You will be arrested if you break the law.
S : you
V : will be arrested
8.Your purse could have been stolen while you were away from your desk.
S : purse
V : could have been stolen

Helping verb/kata kerkja bantu (modal auxiliary) yang sering digunakan :

am,is,are,was,were,been,has,had,will,would,could,should,can,must,do,does,did.
 PERSONAL PRONOUN
Personal pronoun:kt ganti orang;
-Subject, didepan/pokok kalimat.
-Object, ditengah/ujung
-possessive, kepemilikan
Subject Object Poss. Adjective Poss.Pronoun
I me my mine
you you your yours
we us
they them
she
He
it
Possessive, kt ganti yang berfungsi sebagai kt ganti empunya/promina persona
possessive. serta possessive adjective, pemakaiannya harus dengan kata benda.

Examples: subjective dan objective

They sing a song we will send them a present.
She is a nurse I advise her.
Examples: possessive
This is my girl this is mine.
This is her dressthis is hers.
That is their home that is theirs.
Exercises:
- This is not my book and its not (you, your, yours) either.
- They will sell (they, their, theirs) a big luxurius car
- That dog is ( I, my, mine), and those are yours.
- (she, her, hers) is a midwife in my big families.
- ( you, your, yours ) school is bigger than ours.
- where is (he, his, him ) house among of those houses ?
- They come to (they,them,their) for a business negoziation.
- My father isn’t an army but ( he,him,his) is our role models.
 The four basic kinds of sentences
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat diklasifikasikan dalam 4 bentuk dasar : statement, question,
command, dan exclamation.

Statement : statement mengungkapkan pernyataan dan berakhir dengan tanda baca titik
( . ).
Sales last year rose in May and fell in June.
The respresentative is here.
Question : question mengajukan pertanyaan dan berakhir dengan tanda tanya ( ? ).
Can you ship us the replacement parts by Wednesday ?
Command : command menyatakan perintah. Bentuk untuk jenis kalimat perintah dipahami
meskipuntidak dinyatakan.
Please examine your new check carefully.
Exclamation : exclamation disertai tanda seru ( ! ).
(it is) Wonderful !
That’s fantastic !
 The types of verbs
Verbs (kata kerja) dapat berupa sebuah/sekelompok kata yang menyatakan apa yang dilakukan
oleh subject kalimat (:disebut action verb), dan disebut action verb contohnya
meet,write,speak stc. Verb ada pula berfungsi menghubungkan subject dengan kata-kata
yang mengidentifikasikan subject, dengan menyebutkan apa atau siapa subject
(noun/pronoun) atau menerangkan subject (adjective) dan disebut subject complement
(pelengkapak subject).
Verb yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara subject dengan complement disebut linking
verb,dan sering berupa kata kerja be ( is,am,are,was,were,be being,been).
Selain action verb dan linking verb, ada kata kerja yang berfungsi membantu pembentukan verb
phrase,disebut auxiliary/helping verb antara lain; can,may,must,shall.will,be,do.

1. Action verb : melukiskan action (tindakan) yang dilakukan olehsubject baik physical action
(:run,operate,produce,etc) maupun nonphysical action/mental action (:
love,wish,believe,etc). Dan action verb dibagi 2 jenis :
a. Transitive verb. Action verb yang memerlukab object.
anita typed the letter.
Mr. Joe read it twice.
b.Intransitive verb. Action verb yang tidak memerlukan object.
He works.
she cried.
Task : identifying the verb
1.A society use scarce resources to produce goods and service.
2.These resources include fuel and raw material.
3.The job of manager requires extensive training.
4.They distribute the products to people.
5.The exchange provide mutual benefit.

Task : recognizing which transitive or intransitive verb. And circle for intransitive verb and underline for
transitive verb.
1.I go to work every day.
2.Most people work.
3.The secretary walk to her desk.
4.The salesmen depart.
5.The engine failed suddenly.

2. Lingking verb : berfungsi menghubungkan subject dengan subject compliment (kata yang menerangkan
subject). Kata kerja be (am,is,are,was,were,be,been,being) lingking verb yang sering digunakan.
she is a manager.
they are consumers.
manager,consumers adalah subject compliment yang menerangkan apa atau siapa subject ( she,they).
Selain be ada beberapa verb yang berfungsi sebagai linking verb, semisalnya :
look,grow,feel,remain,appear,seem,sound,become,taste,stay,smell.
Linking verb: the man in the picture looked happy. (looked menghubungkan happy dengan man,
dimana kata sifat happy menerangkan man(subject). Kalimat ini berbicara tentang the happy
man).
Action verb: shinta looked at the picture. (kata kerja looked menunjukan action yang dilakukan
oleh shinta (subject).

Task : identifying whather action verb or linking verb.

1.He will be there.
2.I feel well today.
3.This booklet explains how to cut fuel cost.
4.Did you feel the texture of the fabric ?
5.The situation looks promising.

3.Auxiliary verb; kata kerja yang membantu kata kerja lain dalam pembentukan verb
phrase,passive dan penyesuaian tenses. Auxiliary verb dibagi 2 kelompok:
a.primary auxiliary verb:be (;is am,are,was,were,be,beiing),have (;has,had),do (;does,did).
b.modal auxiliary verb: can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,ought to,used to.
dan modal diklasifikasikan sebagai pure modals dan quasi modals.
pure modals (can,could,will,would,may,might,must,should)
dalam penerapanya disertai verb tanpa “to”.
(modal+verb)
can-could ; l can finish the work tomorrow.
will-would ; they would helped to finish the work.

quasi modals (have to,ought to, used to, be

(is,am,are,was,were) to.
(modal+to+verb)
the corner store used to sell ice cream for Rp.5000.
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
Demonstrative pronoun/kt ganti penunjuk
adalah kata yang dipakai untuk menunujuk
suatu benda. Dalam hal ini juga dipengaruhi
oleh jumlah dan jarak dari benda tersebut.
Kata- kata tersebut adalah: this/these(ini=dekat),
that/those(itu:jauh).
-This/that, untuk kt tunggal/singular serta diikuti
oleh is dan a/an
-these/those, untuk kt jamak/plural serta diikuti
oleh are dan di tamba es/s pada benda.
SINGULAR PLURAL
THIS – THAT (is,a/an) THESE _THOSE (are, +es/s)
1. This is a cat 1. These are cats
2. That is an ant 2. Those are ants
3. This table is new 3. These tables are new
4.That watch is clean 4. Those watches are clean
5. That house is old 5. Those houses are old
 Task
• Please give example for the using of
Demontrstive pronoun in Affirmative,Negative
and introgative sentences ecorrectly.
• One for each of them (this,these.that, those).
Story .
Mike is not well. He was tired all the time, and his head often hurt.
“‘go to doctor’” his wife said.
Mike did not like to visiting the doctor, but after a week, he went. The doctor asked him
a lot of questions and wrote Mike’s answers down.
“what do you eat in the morning”? He asked him. ”Egg, bread, jam, butter and coffee”
Mike answered.
“and what lunch do you have”? The doctor asked. ”meat or fish and bread”.
“what about in the evening”? The doctor asked. “Egg and bread.”
Then the doctor said” eat some fruit every day, and eat all the skin of the fruit. The skin
is very good. Well, Mr what fruit do you like best?
Mike was not answer but being faithless:pingsan and wishe:suara kecil “Coconuts”, doc.

Task
1. Did he eat any fruit ?
2. Did Mike like to see the doctor?
3. Why did Mike go to the doctor?
4. Why Mike get faithless?
5. What do you think of the story ?
 HAVE/HAS
Have/has, mempunyai 2 fungsi;sebagai kata kerja
penuh(=mempunyai) serta sebagi kata kerja bantu(=perfect).
Dalam hal ini kita membahas HAVE/HAS sebagai kata kerja
penuh(=mempunyai/memiliki)
HAVE HAS
YOU HAVE SHE HAS
WE HAVE HE HAS
THEY HAVE IT HAS
I HAVE Joe HAS
Jeo and siti HAVE Siti HAS
 Affirmative sentence Negative sentence Interrogative sentence
I have a cat I have not a cat Have I a cat ?
You have a bag. You have not a bag Have you a bag ?
He has a magazine. He has not a magazine Has he a magazine?
We have a lamb. We have not a lamb Have we a lamb?
They have a They have not a Have they a
handkerchief handkerchief handkerchief?
Joe has a nice kitten Joe has not a kitten Has Joe a kitten ?
That gun has six bullets That gun has not six Has that gun six bullets?
bullets

Mempunyai/memiliki Tidak mempunyai/memiliki Apakah

mempunyai/memiliki..
 Practicing
- Ladies ...... Not mustach at all.
- This zoo………many animals.
- ……they a handkerchief ?
- Jakarta.. …. Many buildings.
- Jamal and Joe …….not money in their wallet.
- Farmers ……..good lambs on the farm.

Change into good english!

- Apakah jamal mempunyai jas hujan ? Has jamal a rain coat ?
- Budi mempunyai sebuah surat wasiat. Budi has a will.
- Kerbau dan rusa tidak mempunyai ekor panjang. Buffalo and deer have not lomg
tail.
- Rumah ayah Ahmad tidak memilik garasi. Ahmad’s father house has not a garage.
Story
One day a bad serpent man lier, name Alif al Pasuruan. Any thick friend know
his attitude, specially about being lier. Our thick friend has an interview for
his application job. Manager ”can you tell me about your positives”. Alif
says” I am good one, never late on job”. Manager ”very good, any thing
else ? Said manager.” not smoke and drink” answer Alif. Manager” wow
amazing, probably you have bad side ? He asked.” oh yea, I am a big lier” Alif
answer. Manager’ get out from my office ” serpent !, manager get mad.

Tasks :
1.What is the relationship between the writer and Mr.Alif ?
2.What do you think of Mr. Alif ? And why ?
3.Where is this dialogue take place ?
4.Do the manager get mad ? And proof its.
5.What is Mr. Alif ?
 Of and ‘s
Of and ‘s dapat digunahkan sebagai bentuk kepunyaan. Of digunahkan
untuk benda mati, ‘S untuk benda hidup(manusia dan binatang).
Dalam hal ini ‘S dapat juga digantikan dengan ‘ saja.
+ untuk nama orang yang berakhiran dengan huruf S, maka
ditambahkan ‘.
+ untuk nama orang yang berakhiran dengan huruf bukan huruf S,
maka ditanbakan ‘S.
Exanples:
OF ‘S=‘
THESE ARE THE LEGS OF THE THESE ARE JOE’S LEGS.
CHAIR .
THIS IS THE HEAD OF THE THIS IS THE COW ‘S HEAD
COLLEGE.
THOESE ARE NOT THE BOOK OF ARE THESE YUNUS’ BOOKS?
THE LIBRARY.
IS THAT THE BACK OF THE CAR ? THAT IS NOT ALIKA’S VIEL.
 EXERCISES;

+ isilah dengan of atau ‘s

1. The tiger….tail is long.
2. Where is the door……the house ?
3. John ….father is sick.
4. The branch …..the tree is big.

= gantilah of dalam kalimat dengan ‘s

1.. The father of bob is Mr Joearsa al Palimbani.
2. Where is the pencil of jane ?
3. Is that the chair of your teacher ?
4.This is the dictionary of jamila.

Tom lives near the sea. He has a boat. Every Saturday he goes out in
his boat. Tom has a black coat and white hat. His boat is red.
One day he sees a big fish. He says ”the fish is going to eat me”!
Ok, please fill the blanks base on the story
above.
Tom’s friends …….near the sea too. They……
boats. Every Saturday they……out in his
boats. Tom’s friends……black coats and
white…...
Their boats….blue. One day they……a big fish.
They…….”the fish is going to eat……!
 What Time Is It?
NATASHA: What time is it? We’re going to be late!
TONY: It’s a quarter after seven. We’re on time. Don’t panic.
NATASHA: But I thought we had to be at the restaurant by 7:30 for the surprise party. We’ll
never make it there with all this evening traffic.
TONY: Sure we will. Rush hour is almost over. Anyway, the party starts at 8:00. But I do need
help with directions. Can you call the restaurant and ask them where we park our car?

LANGUAGE NOTES
• It’s a quarter after seven. This phrase is one of the most common ways of stating this time. It means: “It’s 15 minutes past 7:00.”
Another possibility here is to simply say: “It’s seven fifteen.” In general you can say: “It’s a quarter past the hour.” How do we
know the time of day? Look for context clues: “evening traffic.”
• In the dialog, Natasha and Tony are going to a surprise party. They need to be on time. Therefore there is an element of stress and
urgency. When someone is stressed for time you can use expressions like: Don’t worry. / Don’t stress. / We’re fine. / We will be on
time.
• Natasha thinks the surprise party begins at 7:30. There are two different ways to express this time. You may say simply “seven
thirty” or “half past seven.”
• Rush hour is the time of day—usually in the morning and evening—when traffic is heavy because of people commuting to and
from their workplace by bus, by car, by subway, on foot, etc.
 Definition of health
According to the World Health Organization,
health is “a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.” The apparent fullness of this
definition carries a powerful intuitive appeal: A
comprehensive definition of health should cover
all aspects of life, it would seem. However, the
WHO definition has been the target of criticism in
the medical literature since its first appearance in
that organization’s constitution in 1948.
The World Health Organization’s definition of
health is “a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.” They assert that
physical and mental well-being is a human right,
enabling a life without limitation or restriction.
Improving and maintaining good health starts
with adopting healthy habits and like WHO, fit is
committed to helping people develop healthy,
sustainable changes for life.
Two aspects to health.
Most people accept that health can be devided into two
broad aspects: physical and mental health. For humans,
physical health means a good body health, which healthty
because of regular physical activity(exercises), good
nutrition, and adequate rest. And mental health refers to
people’s cognitive and emotional wellbeing. A person who
enjoys mental health doesn’t have a mental disorder.
According to WHO, mental health is “ a state of well-being
in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can
cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively
and fruitfully and is able to make contribution to his or her
community”.
 Turn into taks
1. What is the definition of healthy ?
2. What is physical and mental health ?
3. What is the similarity of “disorder” ?
4. What is the aspects of healthy?
 Adjective
Adjectiive (kata sifat), dipakai untuk menerangkan kata benda. Adapun
adjective mempunyai tingkat perbandingan.(=Degrees of Comparison)
yaitu:
= Positive ( tingkat biasa )
= Comparative ( tingkat lebih )
= Superlative ( tingkat Paling )

A.Perbandingan Beraturan ( Regular Comparison )

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
TALL TALLER TALLEST
BIG BIGGER BIGGEST
HAPPY HAPPIER HAPPIEST
NARROW NARROWER NORROWEST
FLUENT MORE FLUENT MOST FLUENT
DIFFICULT MORE MOST
DIFFICULT DIFICULT
B.Perbadingan Tak Beraturan (Irregular Comparative )

Positive comparative Superlative

Good better Best
bad Worse worst
many more Most
much more Most
Little less Least
far farther Farthest
 # CATATAN
Tingkat perbandingan dibentuk dengan tambahan akhiran ER/MORE untuk
Comparative/tingakt lebih Serta EST/MOST untuk Superlative/tingkat paling(ter…)
Penambahan ER/EST untuk kata sifat yang terdiri dari satu suku kata(bila diucapkan),
juga untuk semua kata sifat yang terdiri dari dua suku kata(bila diucapakan)
yang berakhiran dengan Y dan OW.
kata yang terdiri dari satu kata(bila diucapkan), namun di akhiri dengan sebuah huruf
mati yang didahului oleh sebuah huruf hidup. Maka huruf mati akhir harus diulang.

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Bob is tall Bob is taller than John Bob is the tallest boy in the class.
Jakarta is a big city Jakarta is bigger than Bandung Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia
Mary is beautiful Mary is more beautiful than Sue Mary is the most beautiful girl in our village
Tim is an honest boy Tim is more honest than Bill Tim is the most honest boy among us
This book is good This book is better than that one This book is the best of all

• Untuk comparative /lebih untuk membandingkan dua benda + than. Dan untuk
• superlative/paling/ter…..+ the
• Untuk membanding dua benda yang yang mempunyai dua sifat yang sama =
• ……….as….adjective…..as………
• Joe is as tall as Hamdan : JOE SAMA TINGGINYA DENGAN HAMDAN
Exercises
1. Jim is ( old,older,oldest) than Ben.
2. That house is (big,bigger,biggest).
3. Mr Joko is the (careful,morecareful, most careful) man.
4. Is george a (good,better,best) student ?
5. Anna is not (rich,richer, richest) than Betty.
6. Is Mary (short,shorter,shortest) than Jane ?
7. Who is the (lazy,lazier,laziest)in your class ?
8. This (bad,worse,worst) book is not mine.
9. Car is (expensive, more expensive, most expensive) than bicycle.
10. Is Paris the (beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful) city in the world?

Positive comparative superlative

Fat
Careless
Intelligent
Thin
Long
Attractive
Mr White found work in small town, and he and his wife sold their
house in London and bought one in the new town. Mr White went
to work by bus every day with some of his new neighbours.
Last month he was on the bus and one of his new neighbours was in
front of him. Mr White said to him, “ one of my teeth is hurting
very badly. Is there any good dentist here ?”.
You don’t want a dentist” answered the naeighbour. “ one of my
teeth hurt a lot yesterday too. But my wife put her arms round me
and kissed me, and the tooth stopped hurting. Go and try that too.
Mr White stood up “Good” he said happily, ”where is your wife now
“?

Look deeply.
1. What Mr.White problem ?
2. What does his neighbor advise ?
3. What do you think of Mr. White ?
4. Where did Mr.White stay at first time?
 Spelling of-ING/ED form
Verb that end-E co a) Hope - hoping – hope ING form: if word ends
Date – dating - dated in- e, drop the –e and add
–ing .
ED form: if the word ends
in –e ,just add – d
Ver b that end in A vowel One-syllable verbs 1 vowel --- 2 consonants
and A consonat b)Stop-stopping- stopped.
c)Rain – raining-rained
2 vowels ---1 consonat
Two syllable- verbs
d)listen-listening-listened 1st syllable stressed –
1consonant
e) prefer-preferring-
preferred 2nd syllable stressed – 2
consonants
Verbs that end in two f) fold-folding-folded If the word ends in two
consonants Start-starting-started consonants,just add the
ending
Verbs that end in-Y g)enjoy-enjoying-enjoyed If –Y is preceded by a
h)study-studying-studied vowel, keep the –Y.
If-Y is preceded by a
consonant:ING form:keep-
Y, add –ING.
ED form:change –Y to –i,
add -ED
Verbs that end in -IE i)Die – dying-died ING form:change-ie to-
Tie – tying -tied Y,add –ing.
ED form :add-d
 Tasks
Please change into ING and ED forms
Hold eat act employ
Boil plan help admit
Bore teem trim harm
Earn jeer hug loot
 Drugs
A drug, or pharmaceutical, is a substance used to prevent or cure
a disease or ailment or to alleviate its symptoms. In the U.S.,
some drugs are available over-the-counter while others can be
purchased only with a doctor's prescription. Drugs can be taken
orally, via a skin patch, by injection, or via an inhaler, to name
the most common methods. The pharmaceutical industry, which
is concerned with the development and marketing of drugs, is a
key component of the health sector, which is the most profitable
industry in the U.S. economy, with American drug companies
bringing in an estimated $334 billion in revenues for 2021.
A drug may also refer to an illegal or restricted substance used
by individuals recreationally or to get high.
Understanding Drugs
The development of new and improved drugs, or pharmaceuticals, is
a complex and costly business in the U.S. Some of the biggest
American corporations, such as Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Merck,
AstraZeneca, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, and Eli Lilly, are in the business
of researching, testing, manufacturing, and marketing new drugs.
In addition, biotechnology has evolved in recent years as a major
new branch of the drug business.  Biotechnology companies
concentrate on research and development (HRD) of new cures based
on genetic manipulation. The big players in the field include Amgen,
Gilead Sciences, Biogen, and Novartis Corp.
In the United States, prescription drugs must be approved by
the Food and drug Administration(FDA). The agency's Center for
Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) acts as a consumer watchdog
How Drugs Get to the Market
• On average, it takes about 10 years and costs about $1 - $2+ billion for
a new drug (known in the pharmaceutical industry as a new indication)
to make it from its initial discovery to a doctor's office, according to
estimates from the U.S. government. The drug development process
has five main stages, including three phases of clinical trials:
• Development and discovery
• Preclinical research
• Clinical trials  research
• Phase I trials
• Phase II trials
• Phase III trials
• FDA review
• Post-market safety monitoring (Phase IV trials)
Name Brand vs. Generic Drugs
Drugs sold in the U.S. may be name-brand or generic. A
name-brand drug can be patented for 20 years after its
discovery or invention. Once the patent expires, other
manufacturers can produce and market generic
equivalents of that drug.
Generic equivalents are increasingly prescribed as they
become available in the U.S. because of their relatively
low cost. Generics are required to have the same
medicinal ingredients, and therefore the same
therapeutic effects, to receive FDA approval for sale as
substitutes.
Drug Prices
The price of prescription drugs is a source of great financial
stress for many Americans, and therefore it has become one of
the biggest political issues of the era. Health insurance prevents
many Americans from bearing the full brunt of retail drug prices,
though the coverage varies widely. In any case, drug costs are a
major factor in the increase in health insurance premiums.
• The most expensive prescription drugs in 2022, according to
goodrx.com, a healthcare website, include Zokinvy,
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome treatment, at $89,480
per month; Myalept, a treatment for lipodystrophy, at $77,496
per month; and Mavenclad, a treatment for relapsing forms of
multiple sclerosis, at $63,993 per month
 Tasks
• What is drug ?
• How do we implemented the drugs before ?
• Mention the differentiation between generic
drug and name brand?
 Present tense = kebiasaan/kebenaran umum.
Often, always, usually, sometime ;diletakan setelah subject.
Every morning, every week, every year; diletakan di ujung kalimat(umumnya)
Untuk kalimat affirmative( + ) yang subjectnya: she, he it. Verb nya ditambah es/s.

YOU, WE, HE , SHE, IT

THEY, I
Eat Eats Es di tambahkan untuk Verb yang
Drink Drinks Berakhiran dengan huruf ch,s,sh,x
z,ss serta y yang didahului huruf mati
Work Works
Dan Y berubah menjadi i
Pass Passes
Catch Catches
Push Pushes
Penggunaan Do/does untuk kalimat
Tax Taxes Negative dan interrogative.
Quiz Quizzes
Study Studies
Cry Cries
Play Plays
Buy Buys
Do Does
 Affirmative Sentence Negative Sentence Interrogative Sentence
I drink milk everyday. I do not drink milk Do I drink milk ?
He always studies He does not always Does he always study
English study English English?
They sometimes go They do not sometimes Do they sometimes go to
cinema go to cinema cinema ?
Robert plays football Robert does not play Does Robert play football
every Sunday football every Sunday every Sunday ?
The girls clean the The girls do not clean Do the girls clean the
rooms every morning the rooms every morning rooms every morning ?
 Characteristics
• Every………
• Siti eats banana everyday.
• Everyday, siti…..
• She/he/it : v + es/s +
• Buy + s
• Cry + es
• Play + s
• Study + es
 Past Tense = kejadian/perbuatan yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Yesterday, last night, last week, last month : diletakkan pada akhir kalimat.
Untuk kalimat Affirmative ( + ), kata kerja dasar berubah menjadi kata kerja ke 2
dengan ditambahkan D/ED.
Ada 2 macam bentuk lampau, yaitu: Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb) dan
Kata Kerja Tak Beraturan (Irregular Verb).
Regular Verb Irregular Verb
D ditambahkan pada kata kerja yang
Hoped Cut berakhiran huruf E, sedangkan ED
Worked Came ditambahkan pada kata kerja yang berkahiran
huruf X, W serta Y yang didahului huruf mati
Studied Bought
dan Y berubah menjadi I, dan jika kata kerja
Played Ate berakhiran huruf mati, didahului huruf hidup,
Cleaned Drank
diucapkan satu suku kata saja,maka huruf
mati harus diulang.
Fixed Built

Permitted Caught

Gathered Ran DID digunakan untuk kalimat negative

dan interrogative. Untuk kalimat
Washed Put
negative, kata kerja bentuk lampau
talked Sold diubah menjadi bentuk dasar
(Infinitive).
 Examples
AFFIRMATIVE NAGATIVE SENTENCE INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCE SENTENCE
I worked in the garden I did not work in the Did I work in the garden
yesterday. garden yesterday. yesterday?
He ate rice last night. He did not eat rice last Did he eat rice last
night. night?
They played badminton They did not play Did they play badminton
last week. badminton last week. last week?
The children drank milk The children did not Did the children drink
last month. drink milk last month. milk last month?
Mary bought a new book Mary did not buy a new Did Mary buy a new
last week. book last week. book last week?
Characteristics
• V 2 (+)
• ?/- ---- V1 , did.
• Siti Markona went to jakarta.
• Siti M did not go…..
• Did Siti go….
 On Phone call
JOHN: Hi, Alice, it’s John. How are you?
ALICE: Oh, hi, John! I was just thinking about you.
JOHN: That’s nice. I was wondering if you’d like to go to a movie tonight.
ALICE: Sure, I’d love to! What’s playing?
JOHN: I was thinking about that new comedy Lights Out. What do you think?
ALICE: Sounds great!
JOHN: OK, I’ll pick you up around 7:30. The movie starts at 8:00.
ALICE: See you then. Bye!

LANGUAGE NOTES
• Hi, Alice, it’s John: Hi, ____, it’s ____ is a casual and friendly way to say hello on the phone.
Although “it’s” means “it is,” it is used to mean “I am” here.
• Oh, hi, John! Notice the rising intonation here. Alice is excited to hear from John and is very
pleased that he called her.
• I was wondering if you’d like to ... This is a polite and indirect way of asking “Do you want to …?”
John is nervous and does not want to appear too direct or bold. Notice how the question goes up
at the end, which shows that he is not overly confident.
• Sure! I’d love to means “Yes, I would love to.” Notice that Alice is very enthusiastic and friendly.
She wants John to feel comfortable about asking her out on a date.
• I was thinking about … / What do you think? Again, John does not want to appear too bold. He
wants to give Alice a chance to suggest a movie.
• Sounds great! Is an informal way of saying “That is a good plan.”
• I’ll pick you up is an informal way of saying “I’ll come to your house so that we can go together.”
 FUTURE TENSE =kegiatana/kejadian yang akan datang.
Will:you,they,she,he,it dan Shall: I, we untuk British sistem
Will : they, we you, I, she , he, it untuk Amerika sistem
Will/Shall = Be going to
Tomorrow, next week, next month, tonight : diletakkan di akhir kalimat.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I shall go to Jakarta next I shall not go to Jakarta Shall I go to Jakarta next
week. next week. week?
Bob will buy a new car Bob will not buy a new Will Bob buy a new car
next year. car next year. next year?
They are going to sing a They are not going to Are they going to sing a
new song tonight. sing a new song tonight. new song tonight?
…………………………… …………………………… ……………………………

NOTE
• Shall/will = be going to
• Siti will go to Jamaica next week.
• Siti is going to go to Jamaica next week.
• I will clean it up, mom.
• I am going to clean it up,dad
 PRESENT CONTINUES TENSE=kegiatan/peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada saat
pembicaraan.
Keterangan waktu yang dipakai: Now, right now, at the moment, etc.
TO BE + VERB ING
SUBJECT TO BE VERB + ING
I Am Eating,
singing
You Are Sitting, •Verb berakhir E,
begging maka E
He Is Washing, dihilangkan. Tapi
cleaning bila EE tetap
dipakai.
She Is Beginning,
permitting •Verb berakhir IE,
It Is Suffering, maka harus
attempting diubah menjadi
Y+ING
We Are Smoking,
writing
You Are Agreeing,
seeing
They are Dying, tying
 affirmative negative Interrogative
I am reading a novel. I am not reading a novel. Am I reading a novel ?
They are sitting in the They are not sitting in the Are they sitting in the
classroom. classroom. classroom?
Helen is sleeping in Helen is not sleeping in Is Helen sleeping in
bedroom. bedroom. bedroom ?

Am/are/is/was/were
• Be (present/past)
• Nuraini is singing a song now.
• Dono and Dessy were bathing.
• when/while( 2 events).
• Abel was taking wash when her boyfriend came last night.
• When Doni was crying, Dessy danced.
• While Ratih crying, her boyfriend was laughing.
• Ratih came to my house when my boy was eating pudding .
 PRESENT PERFECT=kegiatan/perestiwa yang berlangsung pada waktu lampau dan ada
hubungannya dengan sekarang.
For, since, to
HAVE/HAS + VERB III/PAST PARTICIPLE

SUBJECT HAVE/ VERB III

HAS
CLEANED
STUDIED
WRITTEN
They, we, l, you HAVE BOUGHT
She, he, it
HAS SENT
DRUNK
CUT
EATEN
UNDERSTOOD
SAID
• Exercise!
A.Tulislah bentuk yang tepat dari kata kerja yang berada di dalam kurung!
• 1. John is (to study) in the classroom now.
• 2. Did you (to go) to school yesterday?
• 3. I shall (to buy) that dictionary.
• 4. Have you (to send) your letter?
• 5. Mary does not (to cook) everyday.

B.Isilah AM, IS, ARE, DO, DOES, DID, SHALL, WILL, HAVE, HAS untuk kalimat-
kalimat di bawah ini!
• 1. Bill . . . . .wash his shirt tomorrow.
• 2. . . . . .you closed the doors?
• 3. The children . . . . .not always drink tea.
• 4. . . . . .she borrowed that book?
• 5. We . . . . . .go to beach next week.
• 6. The girls . . . . .not eating now.
• 7. . . . . . . Betty sing every night?
• 8. My father . . . . . .typing the letter now.
• 9. . . . . . .they meet you last month?
• 10. I . . . . . .not drawing a picture now.

• C. Buatlah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini menjadi kalimat negatif dan

kalimat tanya!
• 1. The teacher punished us yesterday.
• 2. We shall sell our car.
• 3. He is doing his homework.
• 4. My mother always sleeps early.
• 5. John will send a letter to his friend.
•
 Dermatology

Dermatology is the branch of  medicine dealing with the skin.It

is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects.A 
dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who manages
diseases related to skin, hair, nails, and some cosmetic
problems.
Attested in English in 1819, the word "dermatology" derives
from the  Greek  δέρματος (dermatos), genitive of δέρμα
(derma), "skin"(itself from δέρω dero, "to flay" and -λογία  -
logia. Neo-Latin dermatologia was coined in 1630, an
anatomical term with various French and German uses attested
from the 1730s.
In 1708, the first great school of dermatology became a reality
at the famous  Hoptal Saint-Louis in Paris, and the first
textbooks (Willan's, 1798–1808) and atlases ( Aliber’s , 1806–
1816) appeared in print around the same time.
Dermatology involves the study, research, diagnosis,
and management of any health conditions that may
affect the skin, fat hair, nails, and membranes. A
dermatologist is the health professional who specializes
in this area of healthcare.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, which acts as a
barrier to protect the internal organs from injury and
bacteria. It is also a good indicator of the overall health
of the body, making the field of dermatology important
in the diagnosis and management of many health
conditions.
 Dermatologic Conditions

Conditions of the hair, skin, or nails are very common and almost
everyone experiences symptoms of one or other dermatologic
condition at some point in their life. In fact, approximately one in
six of all visits to a general practitioner involves a problem of the
skin. Some of the most common dermatologic conditions include:
• Acne: pimples on the skin due to inflammation of the sebaceous
glands
• Dermatitis: red, swollen and sore skin caused by irritation or
allergy
• Eczema: rough and inflamed skin that is itchy and may bleed
• Psoriasis: itchy, red, scaly patches on the skin
• Fungal infections: infection of the skin or nails caused by a fungus
• Warts: small hard growth on the skin caused by a virus
• Cold sore: inflamed blister near the mouth caused by herpes
simplex virus
• Skin cancer: uncontrolled growth of skin cells
Each of these dermatologic conditions has characteristic symptoms and should be
managed in a unique manner. Additionally, each case will vary considerably in severity,
which will influence the treatment decisions.

Therapies in Dermatolog
There are several types of dermatological therapies that may be used in the
management of skin conditions. These may include:
• Topical medications
• Systemic medications
• Dermatohistopathology
• Surgery
• Immunotherapy
• Photodynamic therapy
• Phototherapy
• Laser therapy
• Radiotherapy
Each of these therapies has a specific role to play in the management of certain
dermatological conditions. Topical agents are the most common type of treatment,
and can be applied directly to the affected area for the desired effect. However, other
types of therapy are important for other conditions or particular purposes.
Dermatology as a Profession
A dermatologist is a health professional who specializes in the field of
dermatology and is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of hair, skin, and
nail conditions.
Although the exact education and training requirements vary according to the
country of practice, a dermatologist usually needs to complete medical school
and residency (minimum of 6 + 3 years) before commencing a specialized
training program in the field of dermatology. The specialization in dermatology
typically takes at least four years of intensive study, research, and practice in
the field. Continued professional development is also required for
dermatologist to demonstrate ongoing competency and maintain their
registration to practice.

A trained dermatologist may perform skin surgery to prevent or control skin

diseases such as skin cancer, to improve aesthetics of the skin or diagnose a
condition of the skin. They are also responsible for the treatment decisions of
various dermatological conditions with many types of therapies, including
topical agents, systemic agents and other therapies.
 PLURAL FORM

PLURAL FORM (BENTUK JAMAK) hanya berlaku bagi kata benda yang dapat dihitung
(countable noun); dog,cat,table,pen, arm chair. Dan tidak berlaku bagi kata
benda(uncountable noun)

1. Jamak beraturan (regular plural ), dengan menambahkan akhiran s/es.

2. Jamak tak beraturan (irregular plural ) yang memiliki bentuk tersendiri.
+ Penambahan es. Untuk benda yang berakhiran dengan s, x, z, ch, sh.

SINGULAR PLURAL
BUS BUSES
QUIZ QUIZES
DISH DISHES
CHURCH CURCHES
BOX BOXES
+ Kata Benda yang berakhiran Y didahului oleh huruf mati,
dirubah dahulu menjadi I, laluh ditambah ES dan Y yang
didahului oleh huruf hidup, langsung ditambah S.

Singular Plural
Lady Ladies
Duty Duties
Baby Babies
Boy Boys
Day Days
Monkey Monkeys
+Kata Benda berakhiran O, di dahului oleh huruf mati maka
ditambah ES dan oleh didahului oleh huruf hidup cukup
ditambah S

Singular Plural
Hero Heroes
Potato Potatoes
tetapi Tetapi
Radio Radios
Folio Folios
kecuali kecuali
Piano Pianos
Photo Photos
Dynamo Dynamos
Soprano Sopranos
+Kata benda berakhiran F atau FE akan menjadi V bila mendapat
akhiran ES

SINGULAR PLURAL

KNIFE KNIVES

WIFE WIVES

SHELF SHELVES

……………………. …………………………..

…………………………. ………………………….

LEAF LEAVES

KECUALI

BELIEF BELIEFS
PROOF PROOFS
GRIEF GRIEFS
………………. …………………..
 AKHIRAN S.
S di tambahkan pada kata benda lain yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan diatas.

Singular Plural
book Books
Cat cats
teacher Teachers
window windows
Bentuk jamak yang tidak beraturan
singular Plural

child

Foot

goose

Sheep
Mouse
Tooth
 On phone “say it again..
LUKE: Hello? Hi, Stephanie, how are things at the office?
STEPHANIE: Hi, Luke! How are you? Can you please stop and pick up extra paper for the computer printer?
LUKE: What did you say? Can you repeat that, please? Did you say to pick up ink for the printer? Sorry, the
phone is cutting out.
STEPHANIE: Can you hear me now? No, I need more computer paper. Listen, I’ll text you exactly what I
need. Thanks, Luke. Talk to you later.
LUKE: Thanks, Stephanie. Sorry, my phone has really bad reception here.

LANGUAGE NOTES
• There are a few ways to express a lack of understanding and to request additional information. The most common ones are stated,
but you can also say “Excuse me” or simply “I can’t hear you.” In a more formal situation, try saying “I’m sorry?” or “I beg your
pardon?” (with a rising intonation).
• When asking someone to clarify information try saying Can you please repeat that? / Can you spell that for me? / Can you please
write down the address for me?
• Cutting out describes a difficulty in understanding a caller due to poor cellphone reception. If you are having trouble understanding
the caller, you can also say The line is breaking up / I am losing you. If the phone call is disconnected because of poor reception, you
can say The call dropped.
• Talk to you later is the equivalent in a phone conversation of “See you later” in a regular, face-to-face conversation.
• Reception here means the availability of cellular service, the possibility to receive and give calls on a cellphone. Cellphone
reception can be limited in remote areas, inside large buildings or underground (in the subway, for instance
 ADVERB
Adverb,adalah kata keterangan yang di gunahkan untuk dalam kalimat untuk 1. menerangkan
kata kerja(bagaimana itu terjadi) dengan menambahkan ly
pada kata sifat.

ADVERBS
Adjective Adverb
Honest Honestly
Fluent Fluently
Quick Quickly
Easy Easily
Lazy Lazily
hard hard

- Bagi kata sifat yang berakhir Y,maka Y beruba menjadi I + ly

Comparativ dan Superlative dalam Adverb
Positive Comparative Superlative
honestly More honestly Most honestly
easily More easily Most easily
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest

Positive Comparative Superlative

I speak slowly. I speak more slowly I speak most slowly of all.
than you.
John works fast. John works more faster John works most fastest of
than I. all the boys.
……………….. …………………….. …………………….
Adverb,yang berhubungan denagan kata terangan tempat serta waktu.

Tempat ,
In; untuk area yang luas.(umum). I saty in Cilegon.
On; area yang agak luas.(sedang). I stay on jalan Ahmad Yani Cilegon.
At ; area yang sempit (spesific). I stay at jalan Ahmad Yani no 17
Cilegon.
Atau nama tempat tertentu : Montana, sumatra. Bandung, class.

Waktu,
in , untuk suatu bagian waktu
In June,in summer, by day .e.g. she takes a walk in the afternoon.
On , untuk nama hari/tanggal
On Sunday, on August 26, e.g. she boat will arrive on wednesday
At, untuk wktu yang tepat
At Two o’clock, at dawn, at noon. E.g. I usually get up at 4 o’clock.
 What is adverb ?..
• Adverb of place : at: specific, Ratihhh lives at
jalan Cinta No.5 Cilegon ,
• in:luas/umum, Ratihhh lives in Cilegon. .on:
sedang, Ratihhh lives on Jalan Cinta Cilegon.
• ,under,near,top,beside,between,Ayu is
between Rezy and Ratihhh.Ayu is among the
D1 Students..among,above,on,at, in, under
neat, iinfront of, behind,close up.
• Adverb of time:at,in.on.every week,Every
night, I go to disco./I go to disco every
night,last..,alsways,never
 Numerals/numbers
Kata sifat bilangan pada prinsipnya di bagi tiga :
1.Cardinal numbers ( bilangan pokok )
2.Ordinal numbers ( bilangan tingkat )
3.Fractions ( bilangan pecahan )

Cardinal numbers : 0: zero (oh, nil) 1: one 2:two

3 : three x 13: thirteen x 30:thirty 4:four x 14:fourteen x 40 :forty
5:five x 15:fifteen x 50 :fifty atau pada umumnya teen:belasan, ty:puluhan

100: one hundred / a hundred

107: one hundred seven ( American )/one hundred and seven ( British ).
1000: one thousand/ a thousand
1,000,000 : one million/ a million
1,000,000,000. : one billion/ a billion:
Ordinal numbers. 1st : first 2nd : second 3rd : third 4th : fourth
Hampir semua bilangan tingkat mempunyai ketentuan yang sama,
misalnya:
Bilangan yang bertemu dengan angka ;1 + st, 2 + nd dan 3 + rd kecuali untuk
11 + th, 12 + th, 13 + th dan setiap bilangan puluhan (ty)kecuali 10 ( tenth),
maka Y harus di rubah menjadi I + e + th. Dan semua ini mempunyai
makna pertama, kedua,ketiga dan seterusnya.
Contoh :
5th :fifth 7th :seventh 8th :eighth 9th :ninth
11th :eleventh 12th :twelfth 13th :thirteenth 14th :fourteenth
10th :tenth20th :twentieth 30th :thirtieth 40th :fortieth
121st : one hundred twenty first 122nd : one hundred twenty second
1,000th : a thousandth. 2,000th : two thousandth

Ordinal numbers biasanya di gunahkan untuk penulisan tanggal dan tempat

Tanggal/date : America :March 1, 1982 (month/date/year)
British : 1st March 1982 (date/month/year)
Tingkatan : I am a second class boy in my school.
That is my third car
Fractions
½ = a half1/3 = a third ¼ = a fourth or a quarter
1/5 = a fifth

2/8 = two per eighth 3/7 4/5 6/7

0.6

Setiap angka satu yang diatasnya : a

Dibaris pertama kita menggunakan cardinal
Baris kedua : ordinal

First
Once upon in china

10 : 30 siang
10 : 15 malam
01 : 58 malam
 Talking about the Time
• Noun (benda) :
Watch/wrist watch : jam tangan
Clock : jam dinding

a.m. : ante meredian (awan/pagi/siang)

p.m. : post meredian (penteng/sore/malam)
30 menutes / a half : setengah
15 minutes / a quater : seperempat
it is 10 : 30 p.m.
it is 06 : 15 a.m. We can say it is six past ....
or it is a quater past six a.m.
it is 07 : 45 a.m.
• O’clock : tepat
• Sharp : tepat
• Be exactly : tepat
it is 10 : 00 a.m.
• To : menuju / kurang (minimum di 30 )
• Before : kurang
it is 09 : 45 p.m
it is 01 : 58 a.m
• Past : lewat
• After : lewat
It is 12 : 10 a.m

We may use British (minute – hour) or American (hour –

minute)
 Fast execises
Please mantion as much as you can for these
time initials :
02 : 00 a.m
12 : 12 p.m
01 : 45 a.m
11 : 11 p.m
08 : 48 a.m
05 : 50 a.m