BC1 Limit Laws A

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Do we always need to

construct a table or
graph the function to
determine a limit? Or
graph the said function?
Illustration of Limit Laws
Note: There’s other way of computing the limit without
using the table of values and graphing. That is through
applying the limit theorems.

• In the following slides, c is a constant, and f and g are


functions which may or may not have c in their
domains.
• Let c and k be real numbers so that and exist.
Examples:
CONSTANT
RULE
The limit of a constant is
itself, for whatever the value
of c. If k is any constant,
then,
IDENTITY Examples:
RULE
The limit of x as x approaches c is
equal to c. This may be thought of
as the substitution law, because x
is simply substituted by c.
Note: For the remaining theorems, we will assume
that the limits of f and g both exist as x
approaches c and that they are L and M,
respectively. In other words,
and
CONSTANT
MULTIPLE RULE
The Constant Multiple Theorem: This says
that the limit of a multiple of a function is
simply that multiple of the limit of the
function.
SUM AND
DIFFERENCE RULE
The Addition Theorem: This says that the
limit of a sum of functions is the sum of the
limits of the individual functions.
Subtraction is also included in this law, that
is, the limit of a difference of functions is the
difference of their limits.
PRODUCT
RULE
The Multiplication Theorem: This is similar to
the Addition Theorem, with multiplication
replacing addition as the operation involved.
Thus, the limit of a product of functions is equal
to the product of their limits.
Remark 1: The Addition and Multiplication
Theorems may be applied to sums, differences, and
products of more than two functions.
Remark 2: The Constant Multiple Theorem is a
special case of the Multiplication Theorem. Indeed,
in the Multiplication Theorem, if the first function
f(x) is replaced by a constant k, the result is the
Constant Multiple Theorem.
QUOTIENT
RULE
The Division Theorem: This says that the limit of
a quotient of functions is equal to the quotient of
the limits of the individual functions, provided the
denominator limit is not equal to 0.

provided that .
POWER
RULE

The Power Theorem: This theorem states that


the limit of an integer power p of a function is just
that power of the limit of the function.
ROOT RULE
The Radical/Root Theorem: This theorem states that if
n is a positive integer, the limit of the nth root of a
function is just the nth root of the limit of the function,
provided the nth root of the limit is a real number. Thus,
it is important to keep in mind that if n is even, the limit
of the function must be positive.
ACTIVITY
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