Window 2000

CASE STUDY ON WINDOW 2000
Presented By:
Ipsha Ghimire [181313]
Anisha
1
Bastakoti [181313] 2022/01/10
Barsha Poddar [181307]
Prakriti Mishra[181325]
1/10/2022 1
WINDOW :
• Window is the operating system that runs on consumer, business desktop pc’s and a
enterprise servers.
• Various aspects of Windows 2000,its brief history, structure ,process & memory
management and file management system .
PRESENTED BY: ANISHA / IPSHA/ BARSHA/ PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 2

HISTORY
•Windows operating system for PC-based computers as well as servers.
•divided into three eras: MS-DOS, MS-DOS based Windows and NT based windows
1.MS-DOS:(1980s – mid 1990s)

2.MS-DOS BASED WINDOW:(1990-1995)
3.NT based Windows(2000)
4.Windows 2000
PRESENTED BY:ANISHA/IPSHA/BARSHA/PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 3

Windows 2000
• Windows 2000 is an operating system for use on both client and server computers
• It is succeeded by Windows XP (released 2001) and Windows Server 2003 (released in 2003).During
development, Windows 2000 was known as Windows NT 5.0.
• set of features, including many system utilities such as the Microsoft Management Console and
standard system administration applications.
• support for different languages and locale information, Encrypting File System, as well as basic and
dynamic disk storage. additional features ,including the ability to provide Active Directory services.
• high-profile virus attacks such as Code Red and Nimda. patches for security vulnerabilities nearly
every month until reaching the end of its lifecycle on July 13, 2010.

ARCHITECTURE
• User Mode and Kernel Mode.
• Preemptive, reentrant operating system, been designed

with uniprocessor and symmetrical multi-processor (SMP)-
based computers.
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USER MODE
• The user mode is made up of subsystems which can pass I/O request to the appropriate kernel mode drivers via the
I/O manager (which exists in kernel mode).
• Environment subsystems and the Integral subsystem.
KERNEL MODE
• access to the hardware and system resources of the computer and runs code in a protected memory area.
• It controls access to scheduling, thread prioritization, memory management and interaction with hardware.
• The kernel mode stops user mode services and applications from accessing critical areas of the operating system
that they should not have access to; user mode processes must ask the kernel mode to perform such operations on
their behalf.

PROCESS AND THREADS
Process:
• Program in execution.
Threads:
• Unit of process undergoing execution.
• Earlier computers like MS-DOS ,Palm OS supported one process at time called single user single
tasking OS.
• Microsoft 2000 supports multiple process.
PRESENTED BY: ANISHA/IPSHA/BARSHA/PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 7

PROCESS MANAGEMENT
RAM MEMORY
P1 P1
CPU P2
P2
P3
P3
P4
• A program should reside in main memory for execution.
• Several process resides on main memory.
• The concern for who gets the CPU first is managed by the OS and comes under Process Management.

SCHEDULERS AND CPU SCHEDULING
• CPU Scheduling is a process of determining which process will own CPU for execution while another
process is on hold.
• Selection of process done by short term schedulers.
• Process selection based on CPU scheduling algorithms.
• Windows 2000 thread scheduler supports preemptive scheduling with priority queuing.
• Examples of CPU scheduling algorithms: FCFS, SJF, RR, SRTF, Priority etc.

PROCESS STATES
1. New: The process is being created.
2. Running state: Instructions are being executed.

3. Waiting state: When process waits for some event to occur.
4. Ready state: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor.
5. Terminated state: The process has finished its execution.

MEMORY MANAGEMENT
• Windows 2000 consist of an advanced virtual memory management system.

• It Provides a number of windows 32 function for using it.
• Memory allocation and reallocation in windows 2000 done by the virtual memory manager.
• It is a software program that controls how paging is performed.
• It is designed to support any type of system architecture.

VIRTUAL MEMORY
• Solves Problem of limited memory space.

• Creates illusion that more memory exist than the available space.
• VM manager in 2000 uses a two step process to allocate memory.
• The first step reserves a portion of the process address space.
• The second step commits the allocation by assigning space in the 2000 paging file.

ADDRESS
Two types of Address:

Virtual Address :
• Referenced by Processes .
Physical Address:
• Describes locations in main memory
Memory Management Unit:
• Translates virtual address to physical address.

PAGING
• Logical address space of process can be noncontiguous.

• Process is allocates Physical Memory.
• Physical Memory divided into fixed sized blocks called frames.
• Logical Memory divided into fixed sized blocks called Pages.

FILE INTRODUCTION
What is file?
• Collection of similar records taken as a single entity.
Operations on a file:
• Insert
• Delete
• Update
• Retrieve

FILE MANAGEMENT
• File management is defined as the process of manipulating files in computer system.

• It includes creating modifying and deleting the files.
-Tasks performed by file management of Windows operating system:-
• Create new files and placing them at specific locations.
• Helps in easy and quick locations of files.
• Makes the process of sharing files among users very easy; user friendly.
• Files are stored in directory, which helps to manage the file according to their types and uses.
• Users are able to modify the data and file in directory.

Root Directory
Directory 1 Directory 2 Directory 3
File1 Sub Directory file2
file3 file3
The figure above shows the general hierarchy of storage in an operating system. The root directory is the parent
in the highest level. It includes all the subdirectories in which the files are stored. Subdirectory is a directory
present inside another directory in the file store system.

TERMS RELATED WITH FILE MANAGEMENT
1.File Attributes:
• Helps user to understand the value and location of files.
2.file Operations:
• Specifies the task that can be performed on a file like opening and closing files.
3.File access permission:
• Specifies the access permission relates to a file such as read and write.
4.File Systems:
• Specifies the logical method of file stored in a computer system.
• Commonly used file system includes FAT and NTFs

THANKYOU!

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CASE STUDY ON WINDOW 2000

PRESENTED BY: ANISHA / IPSHA/ BARSHA/ PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 2

1.MS-DOS:(1980s – mid 1990s)

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• User Mode and Kernel Mode.

• Preemptive, reentrant operating system, been designed

• Environment subsystems and the Integral subsystem.

PRESENTED BY:ANISHA/IPSHA/BARSHA/PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 6

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• A program should reside in main memory for execution.

• Several process resides on main memory.

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PRESENTED BY: ANISHA/IPSHA/BARSHA/PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 9

1. New: The process is being created.

2. Running state: Instructions are being executed.

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• Windows 2000 consist of an advanced virtual memory management system.

PRESENTED BY: ANISHA/IPSHA/BARSHA/PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 11

• Solves Problem of limited memory space.

PRESENTED BY:ANISHA/IPSHA/BARSHA/PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 12

Two types of Address:

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• Logical address space of process can be noncontiguous.

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• File management is defined as the process of manipulating files in computer system.

PRESENTED BY: ANISHA/IPSHA/BARSHA/PRAKRITI 01/25/2023 16

Directory 1 Directory 2 Directory 3

File1 Sub Directory file2

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