Multidimensional Arrays

Processing Matrices and Jagged Arrays

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Table of Contents
1. Multidimensional Arrays
 Creating Matrices and Multidimensional Arrays
 Accessing Their Elements
 Reading and Printing
2. Jagged Arrays (Arrays of Arrays)
 Creating a Jagger Array
 Accessing Their Elements
 Reading and Printing
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Multidimensional Arrays
Definition and Usage
What is a Multidimensional Array?
 Array is a systematic arrangement of similar objects
 Multidimensional arrays have more than one dimension
 The most used multidimensional arrays are
the 2-dimensional, also called matrices

COLS

RO [0, 0] [0, 1] [0, 2] [0, 3] [0, 4]

W [1, 0] [1, 1] [1, 2] [1, 3] [1, 4]
S Col Index
[2, 0] [2, 1] [2, 2] [2, 3] [2, 4]
Row Index
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Creating Multidimensional Arrays
 Creating a multidimensional array in C#
 Use the new keyword
 Must specify the size of each dimension

int[,] intMatrix = new int[3, 4];

float[,] floatMatrix = new float[8, 2];
string[,,] stringCube = new string[5, 5, 5];

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Initializing Multidimensional Arrays
 Initializing with values:
int[,] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3, 4}, // row 0 values
{5, 6, 7, 8} // row 1 values
};

 Two-dimensional arrays represent rows with values

 The rows represent the first dimension and the columns
– the second (the one inside the first)
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Accessing Elements
 Accessing N-dimensional array element:
nDimensionalArray[index1, … , indexn]

 Getting element value: 0 1 2

int[,] array = {{10, 20, 30}, {40, 50, 60}}; 10 20 30 row 0
int element11 = array[1, 0]; // element10 = 40 40 50 60 row 1

 Setting element value:

Returns the size
int[,] array = new int[3, 4]; of the dimension
for (int row = 0; row < array.GetLength(0); row++)
for (int col = 0; col < array.GetLength(1); col++)
array[row, col] = row + col;
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Printing a Matrix – Example (1)

int[,] matrix =
{ { 5, 2, 3, 1 },
{ 1, 9, 2, 4 },
{ 9, 8, 6, 11 } };
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0); row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1); col++)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", matrix[row, col]);
}

Console.WriteLine();
}
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Printing Matrix – Example (2)
 Foreach iterates through all the elements in the matrix
int[,] matrix = {
{ 5, 2, 3, 1 },
{ 1, 9, 2, 4 },
{ 9, 8, 6, 9 }
};

foreach (int element in matrix)

{
Console.WriteLine(element + " ");
}

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Problem: Sum Matrix Elements
 Read a matrix from the console
 Print the number of rows
 Print the number of columns
 Print the sum of all numbers in the matrix
3, 6 3, 4
7, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1 3 3
1, 2, 3, 1
1, 3, 9, 8, 5, 6 6 4
1, 2, 2, 4
4, 6, 7, 9, 1, 0 76 24
2, 2, 2, 2

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#0

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Solution: Sum Matrix Elements (1)

int[] sizes = Console.ReadLine().Split(", ")

.Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
Gets length of 0th
int[,] matrix = new int[sizes[0], sizes[1]];
dimension (rows)
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0); row++) {
int[] colElements = Console.ReadLine().Split(", ")
.Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1); col++)
matrix[row, col] = colElements[col]; Gets length of 1st
} dimension (cols)

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Solution: Sum Matrix Elements (2)

int sum = 0;
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0); row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1); col++)
sum += matrix[row, col];
}
Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLength(0));
Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLength(1));
Console.WriteLine(sum);
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Problem: Sum Matrix Columns
 Read matrix sizes
 Read a matrix from the console
 Print the sum of all numbers in matrix columns
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3, 6 10 3, 3
12
7 1 3 3 2 1 19 1 2 3
15
1 3 9 8 5 6 20 4 5 6
18
4 6 7 9 1 0 8 7 8 9
7

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#1

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Solution: Sum Matrix Columns (1)

var sizes = Console.ReadLine()

.Split(", ").Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
int[,] matrix = new int[sizes[0], sizes[1]];
for (int r = 0; r < matrix.GetLength(0); r++) {
var col = Console.ReadLine().Split().Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
for (int c = 0; c < matrix.GetLength(1); c++) {
matrix[r, c] = col[c];
}
}

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Solution: Sum Matrix Columns (2)

for (int c = 0; c < matrix.GetLength(1); c++) {

int sum = 0;
for (int r = 0; r < matrix.GetLength(0); r++) {
sum += matrix[r, c];
}
Console.WriteLine(sum);
}

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Problem: Square with Maximum Sum
 Find 2x2 square with max sum in given matrix
 Read matrix from the console
 Find biggest sum of 2x2 submatrix
 Print the result as a new matrix, followed by the sum
3, 6
9 8
7, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1
7 9
1, 3, 9, 8, 5, 6
33
4, 6, 7, 9, 1, 0

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#4

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Solution: Square with Maximum Sum

// TODO: Read the input from the console

for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0) - 1; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1) - 1; col++) {
var newSquareSum = matrix[row, col] +
matrix[row + 1, col] +
matrix[row, col + 1] +
matrix[row + 1, col + 1];
// TODO: Check if the sum is bigger
//  remember the best sum, row and col
}
}
// TODO: Print the square with the max sum
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Jagged Arrays
Definition and Usage
What is Jagged Array
 Jagged arrays are multidimensional arrays
 But each dimension may have a different size
 A jagged array is an array of arrays
 Each of the arrays has different length
0 1 2
int[][] jagged = new int[2][];
jagged[0] = new int[3]; row 0 … … …
jagged[1] = new int[2]; row 1 … …

 Accessing elements Col Index

int element = jagged[0][1];
Row Index 20
Reading a Jagged Array

int rowsCount = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); 3

int[][] jagged = new int[rowsCount][]; 10 20 30
40
for (int row = 0; row < jagged.Length; row++) 50 60
{
string[] nums = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ');
jagged[row] = new int[nums.Length];

for (int col = 0; col < jagged[row].Length; col++)

{
jagged[row][col] = int.Parse(nums[col]);
}
}
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Printing а Jagged Array – Example
 Using a for loop Implement your
custom method
int[][] matrix = ReadJaggedArray();
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.Length; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < matrix[row].Length; col++)
Console.Write("{0} ", matrix[row][col]);
Console.WriteLine();
}

 Using a foreach loop

int[][] matrix = ReadJaggedArray();
foreach (int[] row in matrix)
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", row));
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Read and Print a Jagged Array (Short Version)

// Allocate the array rows 3

int rows = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); 10 20 30
40
int[][] jagged = new int[rows][];
50 60
// Read the jagged array
for (int row = 0; row < jagged.Length; row++)
jagged[row] = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ')
.Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
// Print the jagged array
foreach (int[] row in jagged)
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", row));
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Problem: Jagged-Array Modification
 On the first line you will get the number rows
 On the next lines you will get the elements for each row
 Until you receive "END", read commands
 Add {row} {col} {value}
 Subtract {row} {col} {value}
 If the coordinates are invalid, print "Invalid coordinates"
 When you receive "END", print the jagged array

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#5

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Jagged-Array Modification – Example

3
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 Invalid coordinates 0 1 2
8 9 10 6 2 3 row 0 1 2 3
Add 0 0 5 4 5 4 7 row 1 4 5 6 7
Subtract 1 2 2 8 9 10 row 2 8 9 10
Subtract 1 4 7
END

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Solution: Jagged-Array Modification (1)

int rowSize = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

int[][] matrix = new int[rowSize][];

for (int row = 0; row < rowSize; row++)

{
int[] columns = Console.ReadLine()
.Split()
.Select(int.Parse)
.ToArray();
matrix[row] = columns;
}
// continues on the next slide…

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Solution: Jagged-Array Modification (2)

string line;
while ((line = Console.ReadLine()) != "END") {
string[] tokens = line.Split();
string command = tokens[0];
int row = int.Parse(tokens[1]); Check the row
int col = int.Parse(tokens[2]); and col ranges
int value = int.Parse(tokens[3]);
if (row < 0 || row >= matrix.Length || … )
Console.WriteLine("Invalid coordinates");
else
{ // TODO: Execute the command }
}
// TODO: Print the matrix
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Problem: Pascal Triangle
 Write a program to prints on the console the Pascal's Triangle

1
1 1 1
1 2 1 1 1 1
6 4 2
1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1
1 4 6 4 1 1 3 3 1
1 5 10 10 5 1

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#6

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Solution: Pascal Triangle (1)
int height = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
long[][] triangle = new long[height][];
int currentWidth = 1;
for (long row = 0; row < height; row++)
{
triangle[row] = new long[currentWidth];
long[] currentRow = triangle[row];
currentRow[0] = 1;
currentRow[currentRow.Length - 1] = 1;
currentWidth++;
// TODO: Fill elements for each row (next slide)
}

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Solution: Pascal Triangle (2)

if (currentRow.Length > 2)
{
for (int i = 1; i < currentRow.Length - 1; i++)
{
long[] previousRow = triangle[row - 1];
long prevoiousRowSum = previousRow[i] + previousRow[i - 1];
currentRow[i] = prevoiousRowSum;
}
}
// TODO: Print triangle
foreach (long[] row in triangle)
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", row));

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Summary

 Multidimensional
… arrays
  …Have more than one dimension
  …Two-dimensional arrays are like tables
with rows and columns
 Jagged arrays
 Arrays of arrays
 Each element is an array itself
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Questions?

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