Form 4 Chapter 8

FORM 4
CHAPTER 8
MANUFACTURED
SUBSTANCES IN
INDUSTRY
WONG KEE PING

MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY
8.1 Alloy and Its Importance
8.2 Composition of Glass and Its Uses
8.3 Composition of Ceramics and Its Uses
8.4 Composite Materials and Its Importance

COMPARISON BETWEEN ALLOY AND PURE METAL

WHY ALLOY IS HARDER THAN PURE METAL?
1. Alloy is formed when different size foreign atoms are added into pure
metal.
2. Alloy has disorder arrangement of atoms.
3. This makes the layers of atoms in an alloy are more difficult to slide over
each other when a force is applied.
EXAMPLES OF ALLOYS
Examples Alloy Composition Properties Uses
90% Cu · Stronger than pure copper
Bronze Make
10% Sn (Tin) · Does not rust statues
Brother CuTi · Shiny medals
Brass · Stronger than pure copper Musical

70% Cu · Does not rust instrument,
· Shiny
Bra CuZi 30% Zn doorknobs,
keys
Steel / · Stronger and harder Make

carbon steel · Malleable bridges,
98% Fe(Iron)
body of car,
0.2-2% C
Steal IC railway
tracks
EXAMPLES OF ALLOYS
Examples Alloy Composition Properties Uses
Stainless
73% Fe (Iron)
Steel · Stronger than pure iron Make cutlery,
18% Cr
8% Ni · Resistant to corrosion surgical
Still Steal instruments
1% C
I Cry NiCely
93% Al
3 % Cu · Stronger than pure Al Make body of
Duralumin
3% Mg · Low density airplanes,
1% Mn · Does not rust bullet trains
95% Sn (Tin)
3.5% · Stronger than pure tin
Pewter Make trophies,
Sb(Antimony) · Does not rust
Pet Time Souvenirs
1.5% Cu · Shiny
QUESTION 1: [MELAKA2020 –01B]
(b) Diagram shows the atomic arrangement of steel alloy.
Based on Diagram :
(i) State the name of X. [1m]
Based on Diagram :
(i) State the name of X. [1m]
Iron
r: Fe
(iii) State the name of alloy formed if chromium is added to steel alloy. [1m]
(iii) State the name of alloy formed if chromium is added to steel alloy. [1m]
Stainless steel
QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]
c (i) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

Alloy Component
Bronze 90% copper , 5% element X
What type of particles is present in bronze? [1m]

c (i) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

Alloy Component
What type of particles is present in bronze? [1m]

Atom
c (ii) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

Alloy Component
Name element X. [1m]

c (ii) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

Alloy Component
Name element X. [1m]

Tin
r: Sn
(iii) Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper. [2m]



1. The presence of foreign/tin
atoms of different size
disrupts the orderly
arrangement of atoms in pure
copper.
2. When force is applied to
bronze, the layers of atoms
are more difficult to slide
over each other and bronze
becomes harder.
QUESTION 3: SELANGOR 2019 SET2-03
In the year 2018, John’s school had won 3rd place of Young Inventor Year
2018. The trophy they received is kept in school gallery.
(ii) Draw the arrangement of atoms in bronze in the space
provided. [2m]
(ii) Draw the arrangement of atoms in bronze in the space
provided. [2m]
• Draw 2 types of atom [Cu size > Sn]

• Lable the atom
(iii) Bronze is used to make monuments. Explain why bronze
is suitable to make monuments in terms of the arrangement
of atoms. [3m]
(iii) Bronze is used to make monuments. Explain why bronze
is suitable to make monuments in terms of the arrangement
of atoms. [3m]
1. The presence of foreign/tin atoms of different size disrupts the orderly
arrangement of atoms in pure copper.
2. When force is applied to bronze, the layers of atoms are more difficult to
slide over each other.
3. Bronze becomes harder and more suitable to make monuments.
QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 – 07]
(b) Table shows two types of materials,P and Q and their arrangement of
atoms.
Material

Material P Material Q
Arrangement of atoms

QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 –07]
(i) State the types of material in P and Q. [2M]
(ii) Name atom X. [1M]


QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 – 07]
(i) State the types of material in P and Q. [2M]

P: pure metal
Q: alloy
(ii) Name atom X. [1M]
Tin

(iii) Based on Table 7.2, compare the arrangement
of atoms and explain the hardness of materials
P and Q. [7m]

Material P Material Q (iii) Based on Table 7.2, compare the arrangement
of atoms and explain the hardness of materials
P and Q. [7m]
Pure copper is made up of same type Bronze is made up of different types and
and same size of atoms. different size of atoms .
Copper atoms are arranged in an The presence of foreign/tin atoms of different

orderly manner. size disrupts the orderly arrangement of atoms in
pure copper.
When force is applied, the layers of When force is applied, the layers of copper atoms
copper atoms easily slide over one not easily slide over one another.
another.
Material Q is harder than material P.
QUESTION 5: SPM 2018 Q10
Alloy is harder than its pure metal.

(b) By using one example of pure metal and its alloy, describe an
experiment to prove the statement above. [10m]
1. Pure Metal : Copper
2. Alloy : Bronze
.
Procedure :
3. Tape a steel ball bearing on a copper block.
4. Hang a 1 kg weight at a height of 50 cm above the copper block.
5. Release the weight onto the ball bearing.
6. Record the diameter of the dent formed.
7. Repeat steps 1-4 using bronze block.
7. Result :
Experiment / Block Average diameter (cm)
Copper block
Conclusion: Bronze block
9. Diameter of dent on bronze block is smaller.
10. Bronze is harder.
QUESTION 6:
Diagram shows the body of bullet train which is made of alloy R and the
railway track which is made of alloy S.
(i) State the name of alloy R and alloy S.

QUESTION 6:
(i) State the name of alloy R and alloy S..

R: Duralumin
S: Steel
QUESTION 6:
(ii) Give the specific properties of alloy R that make it an advantage to be

used in making bullet train.
QUESTION 6:
(ii) Give the specific properties of alloy R that make it an advantage to be

used in making bullet train.
light and strong
COMPARISON BETWEEN GLASS AND CERAMIC

COMPARISON BETWEEN GLASS AND CERAMIC

QUESTION 7
Diagram shows items made from a type of glass.

a) What is the major component of glass? [1m]
QUESTION 7

a) What is the major component of glass? [1m]
Silica / silicon (IV) oxide / SiO2
QUESTION 7

b)State the type of glass used in making the items[1m]
QUESTION 7

b)State the type of glass used in making the items[1m]
Borosilicate glass.
QUESTION 7

c) State three properties of the glass mentioned in b).[3m]
QUESTION 7

c) State three properties of the glass mentioned in b).[3m]
1. high melting point
2. resist to thermal shock
3. low expansion coefficient
QUESTION 7

d) Give a reason why glass is used to make the items above
instead of using metal. [1m]
QUESTION 7

d) Give a reason why glass is used to make the items above
instead of using metal. [1m]
Glass is chemically inert
QUESTION 7

e) Name the type of glass formed when lead(II)oxide is heated
with silicon dioxide. [1m]
QUESTION 7

e) Name the type of glass formed when lead(II)oxide is heated
with silicon dioxide. [1m]
Lead crystal
QUESTION 7: JOHORSET2-03
f) Table state the type of glass, composition and its uses.

Fill in the blanks. [2m]
Type of glass Composition Uses
Laboratory glassware, telescope
Fused glass
mirrors, optical fibres and lenses
Silicone dioxide,
sodium oxide Light bulbs, window glass, drinking
glass, mirrors
calcium oxide
QUESTION 7: JOHORSET2-03
f) Table state the type of glass, composition and its uses.

Fill in the blanks. [2m]
Type of glass Composition Uses
Silicone Laboratory glassware, telescope
Fused glass dioxide /
mirrors, optical fibres and lenses
silica
Silicone dioxide,
Soda lime sodium oxide
Light bulbs, window glass, drinking
glass glass, mirrors
calcium oxide
QUESTION 8
Diagram shows a set of porcelain pot.

a) Kaolin is used to make porcelain pot.
A substance is added to kaolin to harden it.
What is the substance? [1m]
Silica / silicon (IV) oxide / SiO2
Table shows the particulars of four different types of manufactured

substances in industry.
Types Examples Components
Glass Borosilicate Silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide
Ceramics Tiles Kaolinite (hydrated aluminosilicate)
(iii) State one similarity and one differences between glass and ceramics.
[2m]
Table shows the particulars of four different types of manufactured

substances in industry.
Types Examples Components
Glass Borosilicate Silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide
Ceramics Tiles Kaolinite (hydrated aluminosilicate)
(iii) State one similarity and one differences between glass and ceramics.
[2m]
Similarity: Brittle // good heat insulator // good electrical insulator// chemically
inert // hard
Different: Glass is transparent but ceramic is not //
Glass can be heated until molten repeatedly but not ceramic // Glass has lower
melting point than ceramic
Reinforced concrete Fibre glass Optical fibre

• High compression strength • Light and strong • High compression strength
• High stretching strength • Heat and electrical insulator • Flexible
• Resistant to corrosion • Resistant to corrosion
Photochromic glass
• Transparent Superconductors
• Absorbs UV rays • No electrical resistance at
• Darken when exposed to extreme low temperature
sunlight • Flexible
QUESTION 9: Kelantan 2019 02
(b) Table shows two substances which are very useful in a daily life.
Substance Example Component
Cement, sand, pebble
P Reinforced concrete
and steel
(i) What is substance P. [1m]
QUESTION 9: Kelantan 2019 02
(b) Table shows a substance which are very useful in a daily life.
Substance Example Component
Cement, sand, pebble
P Reinforced concrete
and steel
(i) What is substance P. [1m]
Composite meterial
QUESTION 9: Johor Set 2 2019 -03
c) (i) State one use of reinforced concrete. [1m]

c) (i) State one use of reinforced concrete. [1m]

To construct high-rise building, bridges, dams, oil platforms
c) (ii) State one advantage of reinforced concrete. [1m]

Cheap //
Can be moulded into any shape //
Strong //
High compression strength
(c) Table shows three manufactured substances in industries, X , Y and Z

with their uses.
Manufactured Substance Use
X To make fork and spoon
Y To make boiling tube
Z To make racket frame
Based on Table, determine the substances X, Y and Z.
Give one specific property of each substance according to its use. [6m]
Manufactured Substance Use

4. Hard //
1. X - Stainless steel Strong //
does not corrode easily
5. Resistant to chemical substance //
low thermal expansion //
2. Y - Borosilicate glass
coefficient //
resistant heat
3. Z - Fiber glass 6. Light and hard
QUESTION 11
A few parts of the car in Diagram are made up manufactured substances in

industry.
Name the composite materials used to make window screen and bumper.
State one property for each material. [4m]
QUESTION 11
A few parts of the car in Diagram are made up manufactured substances in

industry.
Name the composite materials used to make window screen and bumper.
State one property for each material. [4m]
Part of car window screen bumper
composite 1.Photochromic glass 3.• transparent
materials • absorbs UV rays
Property 2.Fibre glass 4.• high stretching strength
• heat and electrical insulator
• durable
• resistant to corrosion

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FORM 4

WONG KEE PING

8.1 Alloy and Its Importance

8.2 Composition of Glass and Its Uses

8.3 Composition of Ceramics and Its Uses

8.4 Composite Materials and Its Importance

COMPARISON BETWEEN ALLOY AND PURE METAL

WHY ALLOY IS HARDER THAN PURE METAL?

Brass · Stronger than pure copper Musical

Steel / · Stronger and harder Make

QUESTION 1: [MELAKA2020 –01B]

(b) Diagram shows the atomic arrangement of steel alloy.

QUESTION 1: [MELAKA2020 –01B]

(b) Diagram shows the atomic arrangement of steel alloy.

QUESTION 1: [MELAKA2020 –01B]

(b) Diagram shows the atomic arrangement of steel alloy.

QUESTION 1: [MELAKA2020 –01B]

(b) Diagram shows the atomic arrangement of steel alloy.

QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]

c (i) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

What type of particles is present in bronze? [1m]

QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]

c (i) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

What type of particles is present in bronze? [1m]

QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]

c (ii) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

Name element X. [1m]

QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]

c (ii) Table below shows bronze alloy and their components.

Name element X. [1m]

QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]

(iii) Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper. [2m]

QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]

(iii) Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper. [2m]

QUESTION 2: [PERAK TENGAH 2020– SOALAN 01]

(iii) Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper. [2m]

• Draw 2 types of atom [Cu size > Sn]

QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 – 07]

QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 –07]

(i) State the types of material in P and Q. [2M]

(ii) Name atom X. [1M]

QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 – 07]

(i) State the types of material in P and Q. [2M]

QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 –07]

QUESTION 4: [JOHOR2020-SET 1 –07]

Copper atoms are arranged in an The presence of foreign/tin atoms of different

QUESTION 5: SPM 2018 Q10

Alloy is harder than its pure metal.

(i) State the name of alloy R and alloy S.

(i) State the name of alloy R and alloy S..

(ii) Give the specific properties of alloy R that make it an advantage to be

(ii) Give the specific properties of alloy R that make it an advantage to be

COMPARISON BETWEEN GLASS AND CERAMIC

COMPARISON BETWEEN GLASS AND CERAMIC

Diagram shows items made from a type of glass.

Diagram shows items made from a type of glass.

Diagram shows items made from a type of glass.

Diagram shows items made from a type of glass.

Diagram shows items made from a type of glass.