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5a Volcanoes Part II

Volcanoes can form from hot spots deep within the earth's mantle unrelated to tectonic plate boundaries. The Hawaiian Islands were created by volcanic activity from a hot spot under the Pacific plate. Yellowstone in the US also formed from a hot spot, with its most recent supereruption occurring 640,000 years ago. Other volcanic manifestations include geysers, hot springs, and fumaroles emitting steam and gases. Indonesia has over 100 active volcanoes due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire where tectonic plates are subducting. Some of the largest eruptions in history include Mount Tambora in 1815 and Krakatoa in 1883, both killing

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Ivan Bazilije Buhovac
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46 views18 pages

5a Volcanoes Part II

Volcanoes can form from hot spots deep within the earth's mantle unrelated to tectonic plate boundaries. The Hawaiian Islands were created by volcanic activity from a hot spot under the Pacific plate. Yellowstone in the US also formed from a hot spot, with its most recent supereruption occurring 640,000 years ago. Other volcanic manifestations include geysers, hot springs, and fumaroles emitting steam and gases. Indonesia has over 100 active volcanoes due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire where tectonic plates are subducting. Some of the largest eruptions in history include Mount Tambora in 1815 and Krakatoa in 1883, both killing

Uploaded by

Ivan Bazilije Buhovac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Volcanoes part II

Popocatépetl near Mexico City


Hot Spot Volcanism
• A hot spot is a region deep
within the Earth’s mantle from
which heat rises by convection.
• it does not occur at the plate
boundaries
The Hawaiian Islands were formed by a volcanic hot spot that
creates new islands as the Pacific Plate moves over it.
Yellowstone hotspot
• underlying North American plate
(plate moves approx. 5 cm/year)
• most recent supereruption took
place 640,000 years ago
• most recent eruption 70,000 y.a.
Other manifestations of volcanism:
• Geyser - a vent in Earth's
surface that periodically ejects a
column of hot water and steam
• groundwater “superheated” by
hot magma chamber → "steam
explosion"
• many geysers appear in groups
known as geyser fields
Russia (Kamchatka), USA, Chile, Iceland, NZ
The number of thermal features in Yellowstone N.P. is
estimated at 10,000 (more than 1200 geysers)
Hot springs - geothermally heated groundwater
that rises from the Earth's crust
Fumarole - opening in the crust which emits steam and gases
• a vent from which volcanic gas
escapes into the atmosphere
• carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide,
hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen
sulfide
Solfatara - a fumarole emitting mainly H2S
Mofetta - a fumarole emitting mainly CO2
Geothermal energy- heat within the earth
• a renewable energy source
• used for heating and generating
electricity
• USA - leading producer
Indonesia has more active volcanoes than any other
country in the world.
• part of the Pacific Ring of Fire
• subduction zones between the
Eurasian plate and the Indo-
Australian plate
1815 Mount Tambora Eruption
• the most powerful volcanic
eruption in human history
• the deadliest eruption - It killed
92,000 people
1883 eruption of Krakatoa (Krakatau)
• volcanic island between Sumatra
and Java (Indonesia)
• one of the deadliest and most
destructive volcanic events in
recorded history
• over 70% of the island of
Krakatoa and its surrounding
archipelago were destroyed
• tsunami killed 36,000 people
• still active
2018 eruption of Anak Krakatau
(Child of Krakatau)
Vulkanizam u Hrvatskoj
• u paleozoiku vulkanska aktivnost
u panonskoj Hrvatskoj
• Papuk, Moslavačka gora i dr.
• u mezozoiku vulkanska aktivnost
na Jadranu
Jabuka i Brusnik - naša 2 vulkanska otoka

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