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    Formal and Functional Grammar SIW

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    Gulsara Kozhakhmetova
    Formal grammar and functional grammar differ in their primary concerns and units of analysis. [1] Formal grammar focuses on the structure of individual sentences and sets language as a set of rules, while functional grammar describes language in actual use through analysis of whole texts and their meanings. [2] Functional grammars include Systemic Functional Grammar and evaluate traditional grammar to simplify it and make it more understandable based on the meaning of whole texts rather than word order. [3] Formal grammar is concerned with linguistic forms and systems, while functional grammar pays attention to how language is used in real communication.

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    Formal and Functional Grammar SIW

    Uploaded by

    Gulsara Kozhakhmetova
    258 views13 pages
    Formal grammar and functional grammar differ in their primary concerns and units of analysis. [1] Formal grammar focuses on the structure of individual sentences and sets language as a set of rules, while functional grammar describes language in actual use through analysis of whole texts and their meanings. [2] Functional grammars include Systemic Functional Grammar and evaluate traditional grammar to simplify it and make it more understandable based on the meaning of whole texts rather than word order. [3] Formal grammar is concerned with linguistic forms and systems, while functional grammar pays attention to how language is used in real communication.

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    Formal grammar and functional grammar differ in their primary concerns and units of analysis. [1] Formal grammar focuses on the structure of individual sentences and sets language as a set of rules, while functional grammar describes language in actual use through analysis of whole texts and their meanings. [2] Functional grammars include Systemic Functional Grammar and evaluate traditional grammar to simplify it and make it more understandable based on the meaning of whole texts rather than word order. [3] Formal grammar is concerned with linguistic forms and systems, while functional grammar pays attention to how language is used in real communication.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    258 views13 pages

    Formal and Functional Grammar SIW

    Uploaded by

    Gulsara Kozhakhmetova
    Formal grammar and functional grammar differ in their primary concerns and units of analysis. [1] Formal grammar focuses on the structure of individual sentences and sets language as a set of rules, while functional grammar describes language in actual use through analysis of whole texts and their meanings. [2] Functional grammars include Systemic Functional Grammar and evaluate traditional grammar to simplify it and make it more understandable based on the meaning of whole texts rather than word order. [3] Formal grammar is concerned with linguistic forms and systems, while functional grammar pays attention to how language is used in real communication.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    FORMAL AND

    FUNCTIONAL
    GRAMMAR
    MOLDABEK E
    K A B D Y L M A L I K O VA A
    M A G A U YA M
    B O T A B A E VA A
    FORMAL GRAMMAR

    • Formal Grammar is used to describe the structure of individual


    sentences. This type sets language as a set of rules which allow or
    disallow certain sentence structure.
    FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
    Functional Grammar is used to describe language in actual use and so
    focus on texts and their contexts. This type sets a language as a
    resource for making meaning.
    Several linguistic theories are also
    known as functional grammars, as
    opposed to formal grammars. The most
    famous of these is Systemic Functional
    Grammar, which was first published by
    British linguist Michael Halliday in
    1961. Other functional grammars
    include Danish Functional Linguistics,
    lexical functional grammar, and Role
    and Reference Grammar. These should
    not be confused with the theory of
    Functional Grammar as described by
    Dik while he held the General
    Linguistics chair at the University of
    Amsterdam in the Netherlands from
    1969 to 1994.
    Functional grammars evaluate and do not
    replace the term of traditional grammar.
    Beside that, functional grammar have a
    purpose to make traditional grammar more
    simple (simplify) and to make it easy to
    understand (understandable). Functional
    grammar concerns in the meaning of a
    whole texts (coherence) rather than the
    order of word in sentence (usually in
    traditional grammar).
    EXAMPLE

    Traditional grammar
    This bridge was built before the 19th century.
    Subject Predicator Adverbial
    Functional grammar
    This bridge was built before the 19th century.
    Theme Rheme
    Functional grammar
    This bridge was built before the 19th century.
    Goal Process Circumstance
    FORMAL AND FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
    Models of grammar differ greatly, depending on
    whether they are formal grammarsor functional
    grammars. Formal grammar is concerned with the
    forms themselves and with how they operate within the
    overall system of grammar. The most influential formal
    grammar in the later half of the twentieth century has
    been the generative (transformational) theory of
    grammar (Chomsky. The focus is primarily syntax and
    morphology
    DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR AND
    THE OTHER GRAMMAR

    Type of differences Formal / traditional grammar Functional grammar

    –      How is (should) this sentence –      How are the meanings of this
    Primary concern
    be structured? text realized

    Unit of analysis Sentences Whole texts

    Language level of concern Syntax Semantics

    –      is something we know-      as


    –      Is something we do-      as a
    Language a set of rules for sentence
    resource for making meaning
    construction
    EXAMPLE -2
    • FUNCTION : Greeting "Hello"- (informal) "Good evening"
    (formal) 
    FUNCTION: Acknowledging Introduction "Please to meet you"
    (informal) "How do you do?" (formal)
    FUNCTION: Leave-taking "So long"/ "Bye"- (informal) "Good
    bye"-(formal) 
    FUNCTION: Expressing and Acknowledging gratitude Thank you"
    (formal/informal) You are welcoie (formal/informal)
    Functional theories of grammar are those
    approaches to the study of language that
    see the function of language and its
    elements to be key to understanding
    linguistic processes and structures. It
    differs from formal theories of grammar.
    This means that functional theories of
    grammar tend to pay attention to the way
    language is actually used in
    communicative context, and not just to the
    formal relations between linguistic
    elements.
    REFERENCE
    • https://dhegenalexandermalelak.wordpress.com/2012/04/02/the-difference-of-functional-gram
    mar-and-other-grammars
    /
    • https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1077136.pdf
    • https://images.app.goo.gl/xvj5A9BscjjikACaA
    • https://
    yandex.kz/images/search?pos=2&img_url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fpresentacii.ru%2Fdocuments_2
    %2Fd3f58fd488258b467925274013db5a72%2Fimg41.jpg&text=formal+and+functional+gram
    mar&rpt=simage
    • https://dhegenalexandermalelak.wordpress.com/2012/04/02/the-difference-of-functional-gram
    mar-and-other-grammars
    /

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