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Load Calculation - Lecture 3

This document discusses load calculation and factors to consider for electrical distribution design. It covers determining equipment size and capacity based on demand/load, which includes lighting, power points, and other equipment loads. Diversity factor and design current are defined to calculate the maximum demand on the system while accounting for probability of loads operating simultaneously. Standard fuse ratings, wire sizes, and number of power points per circuit are also provided. An example calculation is given to determine the maximum demand for a small shop with various lighting, heating, cooling, and appliance loads.

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MUHAMMAD SADIQ SYAMIR BIN HASNAN Moe
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views

Load Calculation - Lecture 3

This document discusses load calculation and factors to consider for electrical distribution design. It covers determining equipment size and capacity based on demand/load, which includes lighting, power points, and other equipment loads. Diversity factor and design current are defined to calculate the maximum demand on the system while accounting for probability of loads operating simultaneously. Standard fuse ratings, wire sizes, and number of power points per circuit are also provided. An example calculation is given to determine the maximum demand for a small shop with various lighting, heating, cooling, and appliance loads.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD SADIQ SYAMIR BIN HASNAN Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOAD CALCULATION

(LECTURE 3)

NZA 2009
Introduction
• Detail distribution design involve
determining equipment size, specification,
quality, reliability and cost
• Factors need to consider in general
electrical design:
1. Demand / load
 Equipment & capacity
 Sufficient, reliable & quality (harmonics)
2. Protection (Protective apparatus)
2.1 Over-current
NZA 2009
2.2 Earth leakage
2.3 Earthing
2.4 Lightning Protection
3. Cabling & routing
3.1 Type of cable
3.2 Voltage drop
3.3 Cable installation
3.4 Cable sizing
•Final layout arrangement: depend on other
services & space
•Design requirement varies depending on
premises- hospital, factory, school

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1. Demand or load
•Important information prior design:
–Capacity (power consumption, starting current-
especially for motor)
–Incoming supply (3 phase or single phase)
–Run time (operation time)
•Types of load:
–Lighting
 Type – indoor / outdoor : fluorescent, downlight,
flood light, high bay, etc
 Lux calculation – quantity

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 Arrangement – ceiling type, other services
 General design & power consumption:
 Estimated power consumption: 100W / fitting
 Maximum 10 fitting/circuit

 Multiply by 1.8 (power loss / dissipate as heat)

 Switch to connect/break circuit: 1way, 2way

 Ceiling fan: estimated power consumption-


100W
–Power point (s/s/o)
 Indoor / outdoor : 13A, 15A, 20A
 Water heater, air conditioning : individual wiring
 13A – ring and/or radial

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 Estimated power consumption:
 15A: 500W / point
 13A: 250W / point

 A/C, w/heater, etc – 2kW / point

 Isolator?

**Value of estimated power consumption


(lighting, power points, heaters, etc) can only be
used if the actual value is not specified
–Other equipment
 Example: pumps, chiller, lift, fire protection
equipment, etc  load / power need to be declared
 Operating time

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•Term & definition:
–Full load current (IFL)
Is the total current expected to be connected to the
system
Value varies depending on the incoming power supply.
If:
 Single phase

I FL  P V  240
V
3 phase
P
I FL  V  415
Vx 3

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Ifan equipment has a power factor (pf) and/or has
moving parts, efficiency (η) will have to be considered
Thus;
 Single phase

I FL  P
V x pf x  V  240
3 phase

I FL  P V  415
V x 3 x pf x 

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–Diversity factor (DF)
 Not all load are used at the same time
 Thus, DF is a probability of the load to be used at
one time
 Size & cost of conductors, protective devices &
switchgears can be reduced
 Table 1B (IEE on site guide)

–Design current (Ib)


 Maximum current or maximum demand, expected
to be used by the system
 Ib = IFL x DF

 Ib=Ib(total)÷3, if 3 phase incoming supply

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Standard fuse rating, wire size and no. of
points per circuit:

Fuse
Size of wire No. of points / circuit
rating
6A 1.5 mm2 10 nos. of lighting / fan points
15A 2.5 mm2 1 no. 13A s/s/o
20A 2.5 mm2 2 nos. 13A s/s/o
10 nos. 13A s/s/o (all allocated
30A
2.5 mm2 within an area of not more than
(ring)
1000 sq ft
30A
4.0 mm2 6 nos. 13A s/s/o
(radial)

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•Example 1
A small shop receives a 3 phase supply, 415/240V through DB
with the following loads:
4 nos. 5kW and 4 nos. 4kW heater oven
4 nos. 4 kW and 4 nos. 3 kW cooker
4 nos. 3 kW instantaneous water heater with η = 90%
20 nos. lighting, each 100W
5 ring circuits with 30A over-current protective device and 9
radial circuits with 20A over-current protective device
20 nos. 60W and 50 nos. 40W incandescent lamp
8 nos. 1hp air condition unit and 4 nos. 1.5hp air condition
unit. Pf=0.8
Calculate MD of the DB

NZA 2009

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