Python

Python
Data Types
• Numeric - int, float, complex
• String - str
• Sequence - list, tuple, range
• Binary - bytes, bytearray, memoryview
• Mapping - dict
• Boolean - bool
• Set - set, frozenset
• None - NoneType
Python List Data Type
• A Python list contains items separated by commas and enclosed within
square brackets ([]).
Python Tuple Data Type
• Python tuple is another sequence data type that is similar to a list.
• A Python tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas.
• Unlike lists, however, tuples are enclosed within parentheses.
• The main differences between lists and tuples are: Lists are enclosed in brackets ( [ ] ) and their
elements and size can be changed, while tuples are enclosed in parentheses ( ( ) ) and cannot be
updated.
• Tuples can be thought of as read-only lists.
Python Range
• Python range() is an in-built function in Python which returns a sequence of numbers starting
from 0 and increments to 1 until it reaches a specified number.
Python Dictionary
• Python dictionaries are kind of hash table type.
• They work like associative arrays or hashes found in Perl and consist of key-value pairs.
• A dictionary key can be almost any Python type, but are usually numbers or strings.
• Dictionaries are enclosed by curly braces ({ }) and values can be assigned and accessed using square braces
([]).
Python Operator
• Python language supports the following types of operators.
• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison (Relational) Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Membership Operators
• Identity Operators
Arithmetic Operator
Operator Name Example
+ Addition 10 + 20 = 30
- Subtraction 20 – 10 = 10
* Multiplication 10 * 20 = 200
/ Division 20 / 10 = 2
% Modulus 22 % 10 = 2
** Exponent 4**2 = 16
// Floor Division 9//2 = 4

Comparison Operator
== Equal 4 == 5 is not true.
!= Not Equal 4 != 5 is true.
> Greater Than 4 > 5 is not true.
< Less Than 4 < 5 is true.
>= Greater than or Equal to 4 >= 5 is not true.
<= Less than or Equal to 4 <= 5 is true.

Assignment Operator
= Assignment Operator a = 10
+= Addition Assignment a += 5 (Same as a = a + 5)
-= Subtraction Assignment a -= 5 (Same as a = a - 5)
*= Multiplication Assignment a *= 5 (Same as a = a * 5)
/= Division Assignment a /= 5 (Same as a = a / 5)
%= Remainder Assignment a %= 5 (Same as a = a % 5)
**= Exponent Assignment a **= 2 (Same as a = a ** 2)
//= Floor Division Assignment a //= 3 (Same as a = a // 3)

Logical Operator
Operator Description Example
and If both the operands are true then (a and b) is true.
Logical condition becomes true.
AND
or If any of the two operands are non-zero (a or b) is true.
Logical then condition becomes true.
OR
not Used to reverse the logical state of its Not(a and b) is false.
Logical operand.
NOT
Bitwise Operator
& Binary AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
| Binary OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
^ Binary XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~ Binary Ones Inverts all the bits

Complement
<< Binary Left Shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost
bits fall off
>> Binary Right Shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left,
and let the rightmost bits fall off
Bitwise operator example
Python Loop
Sr.No. Loop Type & Description
1 while loopRepeats a statement or group of statements while a given
condition is TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the loop
body.
2 for loopExecutes a sequence of statements multiple times and

abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.
3 nested loopsYou can use one or more loop inside any another while,
for or do..while loop.
Python While Loop
The Infinite loop
• A loop becomes infinite loop if a condition never becomes FALSE.
• Above example goes in an infinite loop and you need to use CTRL+C to exit the program.
Using else statement with while loop
• If the else statement is used with a while loop, the else statement is executed when the condition
becomes false.
Python for loop
For Loop Examples
Nested loop
• Python programming language allows to use one loop inside another loop.
• The following program uses a nested for loop to find the prime numbers from 2 to 100 −
Python Loop
Sr.No. Control Statement & Description
1 break statementTerminates the loop statement and transfers execution to the

statement immediately following the loop.
2 continue statementCauses the loop to skip the remainder of its body and
immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating.
3 pass statementThe pass statement in Python is used when a statement is required

syntactically but you do not want any command or code to execute.
Break Statement
Continue Statement
Pass Statement
Date and time
• Python's time and calendar modules help track dates and times.
Getting current time
Getting calender for a month
Function
• Python gives you many built-in functions like print(), etc. but you can also create
your own functions.
• These functions are called user-defined functions.
Reference
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm , 12/15/2022,
12:58pm.

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// Floor Division 9//2 = 4

Operator Name Example

== Equal 4 == 5 is not true.

!= Not Equal 4 != 5 is true.

> Greater Than 4 > 5 is not true.

< Less Than 4 < 5 is true.

>= Greater than or Equal to 4 >= 5 is not true.

<= Less than or Equal to 4 <= 5 is true.

-= Subtraction Assignment a -= 5 (Same as a = a - 5)

*= Multiplication Assignment a *= 5 (Same as a = a * 5)

/= Division Assignment a /= 5 (Same as a = a / 5)

%= Remainder Assignment a %= 5 (Same as a = a % 5)

**= Exponent Assignment a **= 2 (Same as a = a ** 2)

//= Floor Division Assignment a //= 3 (Same as a = a // 3)

| Binary OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1

^ Binary XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1

~ Binary Ones Inverts all the bits

2 for loopExecutes a sequence of statements multiple times and

1 break statementTerminates the loop statement and transfers execution to the

3 pass statementThe pass statement in Python is used when a statement is required

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= Multiplication Assignment a = 5 (Same as a = a * 5)

= Exponent Assignment a = 2 (Same as a = a ** 2)