BIOINFORMATICS

UIMLT

Prepared by :Syeda Rida Shah

Senior lecturer
THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE
Application of Bioinformatics
• When we look at bioinformatics, it seems to
be a very complex and abstract field. How
and where can bioinformatics be applied
specifically? How does it improve the
fundamental understanding of biological
phenomenon? Most importantly, how can its
benefits be delivered to the society at large?
GENOMICS
• Bioinformatics can help in assembling DNA
sequencing data.
• It can help in gene finding (markers).
• Gene assembly can be performed using
bioinformatics tools (nucleotide alignments)
• It can help transcribe the gene data to RNA
data
• Also, databases can be generated from such
data.
EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES
• Evolutionary relationships between
different organisms can be derived from
data.
• Evolutionary distance among species can
be computed by using bioinformatics tools.
• Phylogenetic trees can be constructed to
find relationships between species.
• Ancestry can be better understood between
several species and organisms.
PROTEOMICS
• Bioinformatics can help us in decoding protein
sequences.
• It can also help us in understanding protein
structure.
• We can also understand post translational changes
in proteins with the help of bioinformatics.
• We can better understand the protein-protein
interaction in different biological reactions.
• It can also help us in generating databases of these
sequences and structures
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY

• Bioinformatics can assist us in modelling

regulatory mechanisms in gene and protein
networks.
• Such models can be analyzed to identify
the key regulators in these networks.
• Moreover, the models can help evaluate
drugs to treat these key regulators.
CONCLUSION

• Bioinformatics can be applied to life in

many ways it helps us to understand the
sequence and function of biomolecules and
their relationships. Recent trends in
bioinformatics involve development of
personalized therapeutics for cancer and
diabetes
• Bioinformatics is being applied in routine life in
many ways like in Genomics, transcriptomics,
Proteomics, Metabolomics, Structural Proteomics,
Designing Drugs, System Biology and in
personalization of medicines for cure. Except these
applications Bioinformatics introduced us the
techniques which enabled us to generate the large
data regarding biology and also its use. And step by
step the applications of bioinformatics increased
from genomic level to entire system level.
SMALL TO BIG

• Bioinformatics helps us to understand the

systems from small to big like from gene
findings to entire system prediction
• In structure findings and modeling of many
biological system to understand them in
better ways.
• Bioinformatics helped the human to
understand the protein, protein interaction
in many biological systems.
SMALL TO BIG
• And provide us the concept how these biological
process are interconnected with each other and
how they affect each other.
• Now we are able to understand the modeling of
molecules and genome at cell level.
• Signaling pathways are easy just because of
bioinformatics.
• Now morphology of tissue can be understand by
creating the models with help of bioinformatics
tools.
FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS

• Bioinformatics is new and emerging field

of science having vast opportunities and
with innovation in tools it is increasing the
scale of biological data, but still there are
many unsolved challenges which are
pending in the field of life science and for
which bioinformatics is doing new
innovative ideas.
• FRONTIER IN GENOMICS

Now we are able to sequence the whole genome

with the bioinformatics tool of Next generation
sequencing (NGS) We are able to save, store and
analyze the massive amount of biological data
which is in (Terabyte files) We can handle the
large number of data easily and can process it as
well in easy way. Whole genome can be assemble
in sequence and can flaws can be identified easily.
• FRONTIER IN TRANSCRIPTOMICS

Now in genomics we are able to identify

those matters which are unknown yet or
under discussion. Role of RNA in making
proteins and its dynamics can be
understood easily now. Interactions of
RNA molecule can be easily understood by
simple model.
FRONTIER IN PROTEOMICS
Deficiency of low proteins in any patient tissue sample
can be identify. Expression and manufacture of protein
in large molecular level in any organism can be
identified. Pathways before and after any biological
reaction are easy to design.
FRONTIER IN PROTEIN STURUCTURE
Bioinformatics helps us to understand the layer folding
of proteins that how they are processed, and helps to
know that how protein interact with each other and how
a drug can affect or stimulate a protein.
FRONTIER IN SYSTEM BIOLOGY

It helps us to understand the whole system

of a single cell, in that cell how organelles,
gene, proteins and metabolites are
interconnected in a single unified system
(cell). And bioinformatics also give us the
idea how these models can be applied to
real-time.
FRONTIER IN PERSONALIZED
MEDICINE
This is the important thing for this century and
upcoming generation that personalize the
medicine for exact cure of a disease. Because all
the medicine cannot work exact some effect
patient badly therefore with the help of
Bioinformatics we are now able to personalize
some medicines for some diseases. And
bioinformatics helps us to evaluate the medicine.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
• 1. Baxevanis AD. Current Protocols in
Bioinformatics: Volumes 1-3; John Wiley & Sons:
2003.
• 2. Arthur M. Lesk, “Introduction to Bioinformatics”,
Oxford University Press.
• 3. Ignacimuthu SJ, “Basic Bioinformatics”, Narosa
Publishing House.
• 4. Yadav Neelam, “A Hand Book of
Bioinformatics”, Anmal Publications Pvt.Ltd.
• 5. Krawetz. Stephen A., “Introduction to
Bioinformatics: A Theoretical and Practical
Approach”, Humana Press
 Thank You

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