All About Computer

And Its System Operations

Presented by: Ms. Fritzie O. Valdeavilla
 Objectives

In this lesson you are expected to be able to:

1. Input data into computer
2. Access information using computer
3. Produce output/data using computer system
4. Use basic functions of a www-browser to locate
information
How computers have changed the world:

Years Ago… Today…

We use calculator to compute. It We use computers to solve

takes some time to solve huge billions of math problems.
amount of numbers.
How computers have changed the world:

Years Ago… Today…

We use landline telephone We use mobile phones to

to call our friend. call anyone anywhere
How computers have changed the world:

Years Ago… Today…

We send our mails through We send messages through the

post office. It takes several computer. It takes only a few
days to received seconds before they are received
How computers have changed the world:

Years Ago… Today…

We go to the library to look We search information on

for information in books. the internet
I. Computer & Its Type
Computer
• It is an electronic machine that
processes and stores information.
• It takes in raw information using
input devices, stores in the
memory until it is ready to be
processed in the processing unit
and send out results using output
devices
Classification of Computers
They classified into four (4) different types based on its processing power and size:
 Supercomputer
• The fastest and most powerful
computer in terms of
performance and data
processing.
• It uses its power to run one
program at a time.
• Used in:
 Research and exploration
 Weather forecasting
 Nuclear weapon testing
 Supercomputer
• EXAMPLES:

 Frontier
 IBM Sierra
 Sunway TaihuLight
 NUDT Tianhe-2
 Cray Titan
 Mainframe Computer
• A.k.a. “Big Iron”
• Not as powerful as the
supercomputer.
• It is designed to run multiple
programs concurrently. It is
commonly used in:
 Banks
 Educational Institution
 Insurance companies
 Mainframe Computer
• Examples:

 ENIAC
 UNIVAC
 IBM
 ASCC
 HITAC S-3800
 Minicomputer
• A.k.a. “Midrange” computer fill the space
between the mainframe and microcomputer.
• It is smaller than Supercomputer or Mainframe
computer but bigger and more powerful than
the microcomputer.
• They are generally used as mid-range servers.
• Design for business applications and services.
•Some of its uses are as:
 Data Management Device
 Communications Portal
 Process Control
 Minicomputer
• Examples:

 TI-990
 IBM’s AS/400e
 Honeywell 200
 Motorola 68040
 MV 1500
 Microcomputer

•Most widely used computer –

desktop, laptops, tablets, and
smartphones.
•It is the cheapest among the different
classes of computers.
•This computer is design for general
usage such as entertainment,
education and work purposes.
II. Basic Parts of Computer
MONITOR
SYSTEM UNIT
PRINTER

MICROPHONE

SPEAKERS KEYBOARD

MOUSE
 II. Elements of Computer System

• A computer system is a
collection of entities that are
designed to receive, process,
manage, and present
information in a meaningful SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
PEOPLEWAE
format.
• It has 3 elements that will
make a computer really
useful.
 HARDWARE

• It refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment

and devices which provides support for major functions
such as input, process, output and storage.
HARDWARE

Components of Computer Hardware

Input device Output device

Process device Storage device

 INPUT DEVICE

• Are composed of a device that accepts data and

instructions from the user or from another computer
system.

KEYBOARD MOUSE SCANNER MICROPHONE

 INPUT DEVICE
• Keyboard
Used to enter characters and
functions into the computer system
by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the
primary device used to enter text.

• Mouse
Use to point and select objects on the
computer monitor.
 INPUT DEVICE
• Scanner
Use to capture a source document and
converts printed data or images into an
electronic data format that a computer can
store or process as required.

• Microphone
Used to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.
It is used for various applications such as adding sound
to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music
 OUTPUT DEVICE

• Any piece of computer hardware that displays results

after the computer has processed the input data that has
been entered

MONITOR SPEAKER PRINTER PROJECTOR

 OUTPUT DEVICE
• Monitor
An electronic visual computer
display that includes a screen,
circuitry, and the case in which that
circuitry is enclosed.

• Speaker
An output hardware device that
produces sound.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

• Printer
A device use to print texts
and pictures.

• Projector
Projects an image onto a large surface,
such as a white screen or wall.
 PROCESS DEVICE
• It is the computer’s circuitry in the system unit. It plays an
important role in processing operations. It is used to process data,
using instructions from the program. VIDEO CARD
RAM
MOTHERBOARD

ROM

CPU
 PROCESS DEVICE

•Motherboard/ Mainboard/
System Board
is the main circuit board of a
computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that
run the computer.

• CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a
computer system. It performs all of the instructions
and calculations that are needed and manages the
flow of information through a computer.
 PROCESS DEVICE

• RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on.
When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.

• Read-only memory (ROM)

is a type of non-volatile memory used in
computers and other electronic devices.
 PROCESS DEVICE

• Video Card/GPU (Graphics

Processing Unit) also called
a display card, graphics card,
display adapter, or graphics
adapter is an expansion card
which generates a feed of
output images to a display
device (such as a computer
monitor).
 SYSTEM UNIT
• AKA "tower" or
"chassis," is the main
part of a desktop
computer.
• It encloses the
motherboard, CPU,
RAM, video card, and
other internal
components.
Other Internal Components of the System unit

POWER
SUPPLY UNIT HEAT SINK OPTICAL DRIVE
(PSU)
 Other Internal Components of the System unit

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

• Installed in the back corner of
the PC case, next to the
motherboard.
• It converts 220/110vac
(standard house power) into
DC voltages that are used by
other components in the PC.
 Other Internal Components of the System unit

Heat sink (also commonly spelled

heatsink)
• A passive heat exchanger that
transfers the heat generated by
an electronic or a mechanical
device to a fluid medium, often
air or a liquid coolant, where it
is dissipated away from the
device, thereby allowing
regulation of the device's
temperature.
 Other Internal Components of the System unit

Optical drive
• A storage device that uses
lasers to read data on the
optical media.
• There are three types of
optical drives:
• Compact Disc (CD),
• Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
• Blu-ray Disc (BD).
 STORAGE DEVICE
• Stores data and programs.
• These hold data, information, and programs permanently.

Magnetic Storage Optical Storage Flash Memory

Blu-ray Solid State Drive

CD
CD Memory Card

DVD
DVD USB Flash Drive
 STORAGE DEVICE
Magnetic Storage

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - also known as

hard drive, is a magnetic storage device
that is installed inside the computer. The
hard drive is used as permanent storage
for data.

• Floppy Disk - is a removable data storage

magnetic medium that housed in a rigid
plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches
square and about 2millimeters thick. Also
called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up
to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.
 STORAGE DEVICE
Optical Storage
•  BD (Blu-ray Disc) – is simply called as Blu-Ray, a
digital optical disc data storage format. It was
designed to supersede the DVD format, and is
capable of storing several hours of video in high
definition.
• CD (Compact Disc) - also called optical disc is a
nonmagnetic, polished metal disk used to store
digital information. The disc is read by the CD-
ROM.
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) - an optical disc
technology with a 4.7 gigabyte storage capacity on a
single-sided, one-layered disk, which is enough for a
133- minute movie
 STORAGE DEVICE
Flash Memory

• Solid State Drive – is a storage medium that

uses non-volatile memory.

• Memory Card – is a solid-state electronic

flash memory data storage device used with
digital cameras, handheld and tablet/mobile
computers and other electronics

• USB flash drive - is a plug-and-play portable

storage device that uses flash memory and is
lightweight enough to attach to a key chain. A
USB drive can be used in place of a floppy
disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.
 SOFTWARE

• This term refers to the collection of electronic instructions

that tells the computer what to do.
• It is a computer program that is installed in your
computer.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOFTWARE

SOFTWARE

Application
System Software
Software

Operating Utility
System Programs
 1.System Software

• Coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and

software.
• It controls the operations of computer hardware and provides an
environment or platform for all the other types of software to
work in.
• It is the most basic type of software in any computer system,
which is essential for other programs, applications and the whole
computer system to function.
 1. System Software

1.1 Operating System – is

the program that, after being
initially loaded into computer
by a boot program, manages
all the other programs in a
computer.
Examples: Microsoft Windows,
Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu
 1. System Software

1.2 Utility Programs

are small, powerful
programs with a
limited capability, they
are usually operated by
the user to maintain a
smooth running of the
computer system
 PEOPLEWARE
• The most important element of a computer system is its users.
• The following types of people interact with a computer system:

 System analysts - are people who design the operation and

processing of the system
 System programmers – are people who write codes and
programs to implement the working of the system.
 System operators – are people who operate the system and
use it for different purposes. Also called the end users like
students, teachers, and other professionals.
III. How the Computer Works?

• Data are raw facts about things, events, or activities that are
captured, recorded, and stored on the computer. These can be in
the form of words, numbers, or pictures.

• Data become information when these have been arranged or

organized to be of use and to have meaning to the user
III. How the Computer Works?

Input
• Data are entered into the computer
through input devices, such as
keyboard and mouse.
III. How the Computer Works?

Process
• is the computer’s method of analyzing, managing, or
manipulating data. The data entered into the computer
undergo changes. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
directs the operation of the input and output devices to
create the needed information.
III. How the Computer Works?

Output
• You get the output once the computer is
finished processing the data. It could be
displayed on the monitor, printed on
paper, or heard through speakers.
III. How the Computer Works?

Storage
• The processed data are kept for
future use. We use Hard Disk
Drive to store the information.
Common Computer Applications Used in
Performing Computer Related Duties

1. Microsoft Office Application – is a package application developed by

Microsoft and is intended to be used in offices and schools

A. MS Word – A word B. MS Excel – is a C. MS PowerPoint – is a

processing spreadsheet program presentation tool that
application used for ideal for entering, uses graphical approach
creating documents calculating, and to presentation in the
such as letters, analyzing numeric form of slides. Its primary
data such as sales function is to help a
brochures, activity
figures, sales taxes, presenter deliver its
programs, and and students’ grades presentation effectively.
learning activities.
Common Computer Applications Used in
Performing Computer Related Duties

2. Photo Editing Software – is commonly used in editing and

enhancing photos that would give you an excellent
Common Computer Applications Used in
Performing Computer Related Duties

3. Video Editing Software – is used to edit movies or

video clips
Common Computer Applications Used in
Performing Computer Related Duties

4. Web Browsers – is an application used to access information

on the World Wide Web. Web browsers interpret and display
HTML web pages, applications, JavaScript, and other content
hosted on web servers in the form of text, pictures, audio, and
video.
End of Discussions . . .