Repetition Statements

(loops)
 Loops – While, Do, For

• Repetition Statements
- While

- Do

- For

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 Repetition Statements

• Repetition statements allow us to execute a statement or a block of

statements multiple times
• Often they are referred to as loops
• Like conditional statements, they are controlled by boolean expressions
• Java has three kinds of repetition statements:
while
do
for
• The programmer should choose the right kind of loop statement for the
situation
 The while Statement

• A while statement has the following syntax:

while ( condition )
statement;
• If the condition is true, the statement is executed
• Then the condition is evaluated again, and if it is still true, the statement is
executed again
• The statement is executed repeatedly until the condition becomes false

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Logic of a while Loop

condition
evaluated

true false

statement

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 The while Statement

• An example of a while statement:

int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}
• If the condition of a while loop is false initially, the statement is never
executed
• Therefore, the body of a while loop will execute zero or more times

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animation

Trace while Loop

Initialize count
int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

(count < 2) is true

int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

Print Welcome to Java

int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

Increase count by 1
int count = 0; count is 1 now
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

(count < 2) is still true since count is 1

int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

Print Welcome to Java

int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

Increase count by 1
count is 2 now

int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

(count < 2) is false since count is 2 now

int count = 0;
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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animation

Trace while Loop, cont.

The loop exits. Execute the next
int count = 0; statement after the loop.
while (count < 2)
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
count++;
}

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Example (Average.java)

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 Infinite Loops

• Executing the statements in the body of a while loop must eventually

make the condition false
• If not, it is called an infinite loop, which will execute until the user
interrupts the program
• This is a common logical error
• You should always double check the logic of a program to ensure that your
loops will terminate

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 Infinite Loops

• An example of an infinite loop:

int count = 1;
while (count <= 25)
{
System.out.println(count);
count = count - 1;
}

• This loop will continue executing until the user externally

interrupts the program.

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 Nested Loops

• Similar to nested if statements, loops can be nested as well

• That is, the body of a loop can contain another loop

• For each iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop iterates
completely

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 Nested Loops
• How many times will the string "Here" be printed?
count1 = 1;
while (count1 <= 10)
{
count2 = 1;
while (count2 <= 20)
{
System.out.println ("Here");
count2++;
}
count1++;
}

10 * 20 = 200 20