KSSM SCIENCE FORM 4
CHAPTER 10
Chemicals in Medicine
and Health
10.1 Traditional Medicine, Modern
Medicine and Complementary Medicine
Traditional medicine 传统医学
Traditional medicine 传统医学
• Traditional medicine is a medical treatment
that uses plants, animals and natural
substances that are specifically applied or
combined for diagnosis and treatment of
diseases. 传统医学是一种使用植物，动物和
天然物质的医学疗法，这些植物，动物和
天然物质专门用于疾病的诊断和治疗。
Traditional medicine 传统医学
• Each race in Malaysia practises their own
traditional medicine.
• 马来西亚的每个种族都有自己的传统医学
Criteria of traditional medicine
传统医学标准
• Low treatment cost 治疗费用低
• Treatment using natural substances from plants
and animals 使用动植物中的天然物质进行治疗
• Effectiveness of the treatment is slow and takes
time 治疗效果缓慢且需要时间
• Inherited and practised from generation to
generation 世代相传和实践
• Effectiveness proven with experience 有效性靠
经验
Modern medicine 现代医学
Modern medicine 现代医学
• Modern medicine refers to the combination of
the art of medicine in various fields of sciences
that relate to health science and biomedical
such as clinical medicine, medical research and
surgery in the treatment of ailments.
• 现代医学是指与健康科学和生物医学有关的
各个科学领域中医学技术的结合，例如临床
医学，医学研究和疾病治疗中的外科手术。
Criteria of modern medicine
• Clinically tested 经过临床测试
• High treatment cost 治疗费用高
• Treatment uses synthetic medicine 使用合成
药物治疗
• Using modern methods such as surgery, laser
treatment and radiotherapy 使用现代方法，
例如手术，激光治疗和放射疗法
• Treatment is effective and fast 治疗有效而快
捷
Complementary Medicine 补充医学
Complementary Medicine 补充医学
• Complementary medicine refers to various methods of
health care that originates from many cultural
backgrounds. 补充医学是指源自多种文化背景的各种
保健方法。
• This method covers two main parts: (i)natural product,
and (ii)mind and body practices. 该方法涵盖两个主要部
分：（ i ）天然产品，以及（ ii ）心灵和身体的锻炼。
• This method is sometimes used with the modern
treatments to treat diseases such as cancer. 这种方法有
时与现代疗法一起用于治疗疾病，例如癌症。
Criteria of complementary medicine
• Does not involve surgery and stitches on body 不
涉及手术和身体缝合
• Does not use medicine, drug and synthetic
chemical substances 不使用药物，麻醉药和合
成化学物质
• Considers the views of modern and traditional
medical practitioners 考虑现代和传统医学从业
者的观点
Medicines used in Traditional,
Modern and Complementary
Medicine
• Medicines are drugs or substances taken to
control health, treat or prevent diseases. 药物
是控制健康，治疗或预防疾病的物质。
• These drugs and treatments need to be
obtained from accredited bodies. 这些药物和
治疗方法必须从经认可的机构获得。
Traditional medicine 传统药物
• https://www.forestry.gov.my/en/tumbuhan-ubatan
Medicinal Plants
• Traditional medicine is medicine derived from
natural sources such as plants and animals without
being processed chemically. 传统药物是未经化学
处理就从自然资源（如动植物）中提取的药物。
• This medicine has been used since ancient times.
该药自古以来就被使用
Traditional medicine 传统药物
• Scientific Name:
• Andrographis paniculata
• Hempedu Bumi
• 穿心莲
• This herb is given as analgesic, laxative, expectorant, digestive,
stomachic and also used for treating diabetes, fever, worm infections,
chronic bronchitis, leprosy, flatulence, colic, dysentery, and skin disease
(eg burns, wounds, ulcers). It is also good remedy for treating snake-
bite and female disorder.
• Credit to:
• Official website Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia
Indian borage
Kaduk (Piper sarmentosum Roxb.)
Aloe vera
Ginseng
Ginger
Hibiscus plant
Quinine
Modern medicine 现代药物
• Modern medicine is a drug manufactured in the
laboratory for consumers and is widely marketed. 现
代药物是在实验室为消费者生产的药物，并且已广
泛销售。
• Modern medicine is available in many forms such as
pills, capsules, paste, suspension and solution. 现代药
物有多种形式，例如丸剂，胶囊剂，糊剂，混悬剂
和溶液剂
• Modern medicine is classified into three types, which
are analgesics, antibiotics and psychotherapeutic.
Analgesics 止痛药
• Relieves pain.
减轻疼痛
• Examples : aspirin, paracetamol, codeine
Antibiotics 抗生素
• Kills or inhibit the growth of infectious
bacteria. 杀死或抑制传染性细菌的生长。
• Should be taken according to prescription 应
按处方服用
• Examples:
• penicillin,
• streptomycin
Psychotherapeutic 心理治疗
• Used to treat psychiatric patients 精神病患者
• Should not be taken arbitrarily and need to
follow the dosage prescribed by doctor. 不应随
意服用，需要遵循医生规定的剂量。
• Classified into 3 types:
a) Stimulants
b) Antidepressants
c) Antipsychotics
抗精神病药
Complementary Medicine 补充医学
• Complementary medicine does not focus solely on
the treatment of diseases but also ensures that the
patient is holistically, mentally and emotionally
healthy. 补充医学不仅专注于疾病的治疗，而且
还可以确保患者的整体，心理和情感健康。
• Complementary medicine is an additional
treatment performed with modern medicine to
treat diseases. 补充医学是与现代医学一起治疗
疾病的另一种治疗方法
Acupuncture 针灸
Chiropractic 整脊
Traditional massage 传统按摩
Homeopathy 顺势疗法
Herbal therapy 草药疗法
The Use of Traditional Medicine,
The use of
Modern Medicine and
Complementary Medicine
• Traditional Medicine, Modern Medicine and
Complementary Medicine complement one
another.
The Use of Man-made
Medicines and Medicines from
Natural Resources
• Medicines are from two sources, either man-
made (synthetic) or from natural resources.
药物有两种来源，人造的（合成的）或自
然资源的。
• Traditional medicines are usually derived from
natural resources. 传统药物通常来自自然资
源。
• Most modern medicines are produced by
preparing chemical compounds that have the
same molecular structure or similar molecular
structure to the active ingredient in a
traditional medicine. 大多数现代药物都是通
过制备与传统药物中的活性成分具有相同
分子结构或相似分子结构的化合物来生产
的。
The Effects of Misuse of Medicine
滥用药物的影响
• Causes death 导致死亡
• Causes the medication to be less effective
导致药物无效
• Causes severe side effects such as allergies,
vomiting, headache, fever and dizziness 引起严重
的副作用，例如过敏，呕吐，头痛，发烧和头
晕
• Causes addiction if the medicine is taken
excessively such as cough syrup 如果过量服用会
引起成瘾，例如止咳药
