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LESSON 11-Electronic Structure

The document discusses the electronic structure of atoms. It describes the early models of atomic structure proposed by scientists from Democritus and Leucippus in the 5th century BC to Bohr's planetary model in 1913. It then explains the main concepts of electronic structure including energy levels, sublevels, orbitals, electron configurations, and rules like Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle that govern how electrons are arranged in atoms.

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Greece Ancog
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48 views22 pages

LESSON 11-Electronic Structure

The document discusses the electronic structure of atoms. It describes the early models of atomic structure proposed by scientists from Democritus and Leucippus in the 5th century BC to Bohr's planetary model in 1913. It then explains the main concepts of electronic structure including energy levels, sublevels, orbitals, electron configurations, and rules like Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle that govern how electrons are arranged in atoms.

Uploaded by

Greece Ancog
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Electronic Structure of

Atom
Atomic Structure

•As early as the Greek era, concepts of the


structure of matter were not based on
laboratory findings. As scientist began to
study the relationship between several
physical wonders such as electricity, and
magnetism they began to develop different
models about atomic structure.
Atomic structure
• As early as 400 BC, the study of the atomic
structure was started by Democritus and
Leucippus. Since their findings were not
experimentally supported, Aristotle did not
support it.
• In 1803, by John Dalton called the marble
model, followed by Thomson in 1904 called
the plum pudding model, then 1911,
Rutherford presented his nuclear model, in
1913, the planetary model by Bohr and
Schrodinger in 1926 called the electron cloud
model.
Main energy Level, Sublevel and
orbitals
Principal Energy level
energy level denoted by the principal
quantum number n.
Sublevel
 is an energy level defined by quantum
theory. In chemistry, sublevels refer to
energies associated with electrons
Subshell
• is a pathway followed by the electrons
moves within the shell. There are four
types of subshells. s,p,d and f are the
subshells.
• A subshell is composed of orbitals. It is a
subdivision of electron shells which is
separated by electron orbitals.
Orbital
•  a three dimensional description of the
most likely location of an electron around
an atom
• are commonly designated by a
combination of numerals and letters that
represent specific properties of the
electrons associated with the orbitals—for
example, 1s, 2p, 3d, 4f. 
Principal level Sublevel

Level 1 1s

Level 2 2s, 2p

Level 3 3s, 3p, 3d

Level 4 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f


Subshell Number Historic Maximum
of orbitals Name of Number of
Subshell Electron

s 1 Sharp 2
p 3 Principal 6
d 5 Diffused 10
f 7 Fundamental 14
Electron configuration
• Is the distribution of electrons ( which is
equal to the number of protons if the atom
is neutral) of an atom in atomic or
molecular orbitals.
• It consists of the symbol for the occupied
subshell with a superscript indicating the
number of electrons in the subshell.
What is the importance of electr
on configuration
• Electron configurations provide insight
into the chemical behavior of elements
by helping determine the valence
electrons of an atom.

• Valence- also spelled valency, in chemistry, the property


of an element that determines the number of other atoms
with which an atom of the element can combine.
1s
2s, 2p
3s, 3p, 3d
4s, 4p, 4d, 4f
5s, 5p, 5d, 5f
6s, 6p, 6d, 6f
7s, 7p
20 Calcium= Atomic
number
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Arsenic= 33
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3
GOLD-79

Gold
Electronic configuration

Electronic configuration

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s2
4f145d9
Orbital Notation
is the process in which an unoccupied
orbital is represented by a box. Arrows
are placed inside the box. These arrows
signify a magnetic field where an
arrow is spinning in one direction, and
the adjacent arrow is spinning in the
opposite direction.
Hund’s rule

States that for degenerate orbitals,


the lowest energy is attained when
number of electrons with the same
spin is maximized
The Pauli’s Exclusion Principle states that, in an atom
or molecule, no two electrons can have
the same four electronic quantum numbers . As an
orbital can contain a maximum of only two electrons,
the two electrons must have opposing spins. This means
if one is assigned an up-spin ( +1/2), the other must be
down-spin (-1/2).
Lithium 3

1s2
2s1
Arsenic 33

1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2 3p6
3d10
4s2 4p3

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